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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 45 (1996), S. 140-145 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Desfluran ; Isofluran ; Aldrete-Score ; Digit Symbol Substitution-Test ; visuelle Analogskala ; Key words Desflurane ; Isoflurane ; Aldrete score ; Digit symbol substitution test ; Visual analogue scale
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Desflurane is a new volatile anaesthetic with an extremely low blood/gas partition coefficient of 0.42. This should provide a rapid recovery from anaesthesia. Methods. We studied 100 adult patients, ASA class I or II, undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery randomly assigned to anaesthesia with desflurane (n=50) or isoflurane (n=50) supplemented by nitrous oxide in oxygen. Clorazepat was given for premedication, fentanyl and thiopental for induction of anaesthesia, followed by maintenance with desflurane or isoflurane as clinically appropriate. Emergence from anaesthesia was measured as well as return of cognitive functions (extended Aldrete score, digit symbol substitution test, and visual analogue scales [VAS]). Results. While the demographic characteristics and administrated doses of fentanyl and thiopental were comparable, the recovery profiles in both groups were different. After discontinuation of the volatile anaesthetics, times to extubation and ability to follow simple commands were significantly shorter after desflurane than after isoflurane. Extended Aldrete scores, estimation of the patients' physical condition, results of the digit symbol substitution test, measuring cognitive functions, and rates of drowsiness and weakness on VAS showed better recovery with less impairment of cognitive function in the desflurane group than in isoflurane patients even 120 min after anaesthesia. VAS pain scores and doses of analgesic drugs given within the first 2 postoperative hours, however, showed no significant differences. Desflurane patients were also judged fit for discharge from the recovery room significantly faster. Conclusions. Our results demonstrate that desflurane anaesthesia, even when supplemented by premedication, intraoperative opioids, and nitrous oxide may offer clinical advantages over isoflurane as far as the post-anaesthetic recovery profile is concerned.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Desfluran ist ein neues volatiles Anästhetikum, das sich durch einen äußerst niedrigen Blut/Gas-Verteilungskoeffizienten von 0,42 auszeichnet. Dies läßt ein schnelles Erwachen der Patienten aus der Narkose erwarten. Wir untersuchten Aufwachverhalten und kognitive Funktion von Patienten nach elektiven orthopädischen Operationen und Allgemeinanästhesie mit Desfluran (n=50) oder Isofluran (n=50) bei gleichzeitiger Lachgaszufuhr. Desfluranpatienten waren signifiikant früher nach Beendigung der Narkosegaszufuhr zu extubieren, 7,4±0,8 min vs. 12,8±1,2 min bei Isofluran (Mittelwerte±SEM, p〈0,001) und befolgten eher einfache Kommandos. Bei Bewertung des physischen Zustands im Extended Aldrete-Score, bei Beurteilung der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit im Digit Symbol Substitution-Test sowie bei Selbsteinschätzung der Patienten von Schläfrigkeit und Kraftlosigkeit mit visuellen Analogskalen erreichte die Desflurangruppe noch 2 h nach Ende der Narkosegaszufuhr signifikant bessere Ergebnisse. Subjektives Schmerzempfinden und Analgetikaverbrauch in den ersten zwei postoperativen Stunden wiesen hingegen keine relevanten Differenzen auf. Mit Desfluran anästhesierte Patienten waren signifikant früher aus dem Aufwachraum verlegungsfähig (94±5 vs. 111 ±5 min; p〈0,01). Diese Resultate zeigen Vorteile von Desfluran im Aufwachverhalten der Patienten gegenüber Isofluran auch unter den Bedingungen einer mit Opiaten und Lachgas substituierten „balancierten Anästhesie“.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Eltanolon ; Thiopental ; Hämodynamik ; Anästhesieeinleitung ; Koronarpatienten ; Key words Eltanolone ; Thiopentone ; Coronary artery disease ; Haemodynamics ; Anaesthesia induction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Eltanolone is a new steroid anaesthetic agent that is a 5-β reduced derivative of progesterone. In the present study we investigated the haemodynamic effects of eltanolone or thiopentone in patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods. After obtaining approval of the institutional ethics committee and informed patient consent, 40 patients (age 45–70 years, ASA III and IV, ejection fraction 〉50%, cardiac index 〉2.5 l/min per m2) were randomly assigned to four groups, each containing 10 patients: After premedication with 2 mg flunitrazepam, anaesthesia was induced with 3 mg/kg thiopentone in group 1, 0.5 mg/kg eltanolone in group 2, 0.75 mg/kg eltanolone in group 3, 1.0 mg/kg eltanolone in group 4. Each patient additionally received 3 μg/kg fentanyl after induction and 0.1 mg/kg pancuronium. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, central venous pressure, pulmonary artery occlusion pressure and cardiac output were recorded in the awake state, 2 min after induction of anaesthesia, and 1 and 5 min after intubation. Cardiac index and systemic vascular resistance were calculated. Results. Two minutes after induction, mean arterial pressure was significantly lower than the baseline (P〈0.05) in each group. Mean arterial pressure changes were more prominent in the case of eltanolone, but intergroup tests did not reveal significant differences between the four groups. There was a fall in cardiac index in all groups, and these changes reached the level of significance only in the thiopentone patients. The most obvious difference between eltanolone and thiopentone was systemic vascular resistance. It dropped significantly 2 min after induction with eltanolone at all dosages. In contrast, there was an increase in systemic vascular resistance following induction of anaesthesia with thiopentone. Intergroup tests also showed significantly (P〈0.05) lower systemic vascular resistance 1 and 5 min after intubation with eltanolone compared to thiopentone. Discussion. Mean arterial pressure reduction induced by eltanolone is most likely the result of the combination of a decrease in cardiac contractility and peripheral vasodilatation. In contrast, mean arterial pressure reduction in the case of thiopentone seems to be exclusively related to the negative inotropic properties of the drug. Results of a dosage finding study [5] with eltanolone revealed an AD50 of 0.33 mg/kg. In our study 0.5 mg/kg eltanolone brought all the patients to sleep within 2 minutes. The haemodynamic results do not show any significant difference up to twofold dosage. Therefore, the therapeutic margin seems to be large. Because of considerable interindividual variability additional studies in larger collectives are required for definitive evaluation of the drug.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Steroid Eltanolon ist ein neues kurzwirksames Hypnotikum, welches in einer Fettemulsion gelöst ist. Ziel der Studie war es, die hämodynamischen Veränderungen nach Anästhesieeinleitung mit unterschiedlichen Dosierungen von Eltanolon zu untersuchen. Thiopental diente als Vergleichsmedikament. Die Untersuchung wurde an 40 Patienten im Rahmen elektiver koronarer Bypassoperationen vorgenommen. Vor Anästhesieeinleitung wurde mittels Pulmonalarterienkatheter und arterieller Blutdruckmessung der Ausgangswert der hämodynamischen Variablen ermittelt. Die weiteren Meßzeitpunkte waren 2 min nach Anästhesieeinleitung sowie 1 und 5 min nach Intubation. Die Anästhesie wurde randomisiert entweder mit Eltanolon 0,5, 0,75 oder 1,0 mg/kg oder mit Thiopental 3 mg/kg induziert (4 Gruppen; je 10 Patienten). Danach erhielt jeder Patient 3 μg/kg Fentanyl und 0,1 mg/kg Pancuronium. Zu keinem Meßzeitpunkt ergaben sich statistisch signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den 3 Eltanolongruppen. Im Vergleich zu Thiopental war der arterielle Blutdruck zu allen Meßzeitpunkten niedriger, der systemische Gefäßwiderstandsindex signifikant (p〈0,05) niedriger. Bereits die niedrigste Dosis Eltanolon (0,5 mg/kg) führte bei allen Patienten zum Eintritt der Anästhesie. Da im untersuchten Bereich keine wesentlichen Veränderungen der hämodynamischen Parameter nach Eltanolon gefunden wurde, erscheint die Sicherheitsbreite relativ groß. Der ausgeprägtere Blutdruckabfall nach der Anästhesieeinleitung mit Eltanolon ist zumindest zum Teil durch den verminderten systemischen Gefäßwiderstandsindex bedingt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 1137-1138 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Tinofedrine ; Platelet aggregation ; Fibrinogen ; Cerebral infarction ; Tinofedrin ; Thrombozytenaggregation ; Fibrinogen ; zerebrovaskuläre Insuffizienz
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 45 Patienten (Durchschnittsalter 65 Jahre) mit akuter zerebrovaskulärer Insuffizienz wurde die Wirkung von Tinofedrin (0,12–0,17 mg/kg KG iv) auf den Fibrinogenspiegel und die gesteigerte (spontane) Thrombozytenaggregation (TA) geprüft. In Abhängigkeit zur Behandlungsdauer kam es zu einer signifikanten Abnahme sowohl des Fibrinogenspiegels als auch der gesteigerten (spontanen) TA. Aus den dargelegten Befunden wird geschlossen, daß die Abnahme der TA über eine Senkung des Fibrinogenspiegels zustande kommt.
    Notes: Summary The influence of Tinofedrine (0.12–0.17 mg/kg body-weight) on fibrinogen and platelet aggregation has been investigated in 45 patients (mean age 65 years) with recent cerebral infarction. Depending on the duration of medication a significant decrease of the fibrinogen level as well as of enhanced platelet aggregation has been observed. It is concluded from the present results that the decrease of enhanced platelet aggregation may be mediated by the fall of fibrinogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 49 (1979), S. 219-226 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Platelet number, spontaneous aggregation, ADP- and adrenaline-induced aggregation, fibrinogen, and factors 2, 5, 7, and 10, were investigated in a series of 40 consecutive patients admitted to the clinic following severe head injury. Data were evaluated daily during the first week after trauma. Platelets were significantly decreased, particularly in non-survivors; there was no pathological spontaneous aggregation, except in a group of 22.5% of cases who had a mean age of 23.5 years. ADP-induced aggregation was negative in 69% of cases, and adrenaline-induced aggregation was absent in only two nonsurvivors. Fibrinogen was markedly reduced during the first five days, thereafter normalizing or increasing towards the end of the week. The other investigated values remained within their normal range of 70–130%. The results give no evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation as a generalized and frequent phenomenon in. severely head injured patients. There are, however, signs of latent consumption coagulopathy, which support data from the literature that indicate focal microthrombosis in contused brain areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 156 (1991), S. 48-52 
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 127 (1988), S. 199-204 
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 135 (1989), S. 343-348 
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 173 (1993), S. 148-152 
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 147 (1990), S. 450-454 
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 151 (1990), S. 395-400 
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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