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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetaldehyde stimulation of the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the presence of inhibitors found inlignocellulose-to-ethanol fermentations (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 25 (2000), S. 104-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: acetaldehyde; detoxification; lignocellulose hydrolyzates; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; inhibition; furfural
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The addition of small quantities of acetaldehyde to fermentations containing inhibitory concentrations of furfural, acetate and other compounds typically present in lignocellulosic hydrolyzates significantly reduced the lag phase of yeast growth and stimulated ethanol production. Similar effects were observed when acetaldehyde (0.06 g l−1) was added to fermentations of a birch wood hydrolyzate produced by steam/acid pretreatment. Acetaldehyde addition appears to have potential as a low-cost alternative (or adjunct) to current procedures for medium detoxification in lignocellulose-to-ethanol fermentations, particularly those in which high inhibitor concentrations are generated through recycling of the culture broth. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 25, 104–108.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.7000031
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative stability of ethanol production by Escherichia coliKO11 in batch and chemostat culture (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 23 (1999), S. 701-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: ethanol; recombinant; E. coli KO11; lignocellulosic; chemostat; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Differing claims regarding the stability of the recombinant ethanologen E. coli KO11 are addressed here in batch and chemostat culture. In repeat batch culture, the organism was stable on glucose, mannose, xylose and galactose for at least three serial transfers, even in the absence of a selective antibiotic. Chemostat cultures on glucose were remarkably stable, but on mannose, xylose and a xylose/glucose mixture, they progressively lost their hyperethanologenicity. On xylose, the loss was irreversible, indicating genetic instability. The loss of hyperethanologenicity was accompanied by the production of high concentrations of acetic acid and by increasing biomass yields, suggesting that the higher ATP yield associated with acetate production may foster the growth of acetate-producing revertant strains. Plate counts on high chloramphenicol-containing medium, whether directly, or following preliminary growth on non-selective medium, were not a reliable indicator of high ethanologenicity during chemostat culture. In batch culture, the organism appeared to retain its promise for ethanol production from lignocellulosics and concerns that antibiotics may need to be included in all media appear unfounded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900690
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct injection technique for gas chromatographic determination of ethanol and other volatiles in concentrated cell suspensions (1984)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 6 (1984), S. 177-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The accuracy of direct injection gas chromatography for the estimation of volatile components in concentrated, undisrupted cell suspensions was assessed. Quantitative recovery of intracellular and extracellular ethanol, butanol and acetone was obtained. The technique eliminates the requirement for a separate disruption step to release intracellular components and the need to measure the percentage of disrupted cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00127035
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting the estimation of intracellular ethanol concentrations (1983)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 5 (1983), S. 715-720 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Estimates of intracellular ethanol concentration in batch cultures ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae were significantly affected by continued fermentation during processing of the sample. Precooling of samples to 4°C and reduction of centrifugation time significantly reduced apparent intracellular ethanol concentration. Intracellular ethanol concentrations were substantially lower than in some previous reports and fell below the extracellular ethanol concentrations during the later stages of fermentation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01386368
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A reliable method for detecting the intracellular accumulation of fermentation products: Application to intracellular ethanol analysis (1985)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 7 (1985), S. 541-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Intracellular ethanol concentrations inSaccharomyces cerevisiae were measured using a high cell density fermentation technique which permits samples to be fixed for analysis in less than two seconds. No accumulation of intracellular ethanol was detected, regardless of the stage of fermentation. The technique eliminates artifacts associated with concentrating the cell sample and provides a reliable means for detecting whether other fermentation products accumulate intracellularly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026442
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mathematical modeling of lag phases in microbial growth (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 20 (1978), S. 349-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a mathematical model of the lag phases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that incorporates the basic concepts previously presented in a two-stage deterministic model for the growth of this organism under conditions of oxygen excess with a sugar as the growth-limiting substrate. The model structure was suggested by an extensive investigation of the causes of the lag phases of S. cerevisiae which found that, in contrast to the traditionally accepted trends, the length of the lag phase was not inoculum-size dependent. This was consistent with other previously published work which suggested that a major factor in the length of the lag phases in S. cerevisiae was the need to synthesize adequate levels of glycolytic and respiratory enzymes. These suggestions were confirmed experimentally with lag-age data. Based on this conclusion a mathematical model was developed incorporating a description of the levels of glycolytic and respiratory enzymes and their effect on the growth rate and metabolism. This model was tested experimentally and the initial results indicate indicate that many aspects of the lag phase of this organism may be described mathematically. The experimental findings further support the concept of primary regulatory control proposed by Bijkerk and Hall.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260200304
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in response of Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to change in extracellular ethanol concentration (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 43 (1994), S. 155-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Zymomonas ; yeast ; ethanol ; inhibition ; adaptation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In high cell density batch fermentations, Zymomonas mobilis produced 91 g L-1 ethanol in 90 min but culture viability fell significantly. Similar viability losses in rapid fermentations by yeast have recently been shown to be attributable in part to the high rate of change of the extracellular ethanol concentration. However, in simulated rapid fermentations in which ethanol was pumped continuously to low cell density Z. mobilis suspensions, increases in the rate of change of ethanol concentration in the range 21-83 g L-1 h-1 did not lead to accelerated viability losses. The lag phase of Zymomonas cultures exposed to a 30-g L-1 step change in ethanol concentration was much shorter than that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, providing evidence that the comparative insensitivity of Zymomonas to high rates of change of ethanol concentration is due to its ability to adapt to changes in ethanol concentration more rapidly than yeast. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260430208
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport and intracellular accumulation of acetaldehyde in saccharomyces cerevisiae (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 24-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: acetaldehyde ; intracellular accumulation ; inhibition ; transport ; yeast ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rate of acetaldehyde efflux from yeast cells and its intracellular concentration were studied in the light of recent suggestions that acetaldehyde inhibition may be an important factor in yeast ethanol fermentations. When the medium surrounding cells containing ethanol and acetaldehyde was suddenly diluted, the rate of efflux of acetaldehyde was slow relative to the rate of ethanol efflux, suggesting that acetaldehyde, unlike ethanol, may accumulate intracellularly. Intracellular acetaldehyde concentrations were measured during high cell density fermentations, using direct injection gas chromatography to avoid the need to concentrate or disrupt the cells. Intracellular acetaldehyde concentrations substantially exceeded the extracellular concentrations throughout fermentation and were generally much higher than the acetaldehyde concentrations normally recorded in the culture broth in ethanol fermentations. The technique used was sensitive to the time taken to cool and freeze the samples. Measured intracellular acetaldehyde concentrations fell rapidly as the time taken to freeze the suspensions was extended beyond 2 s. The results add weight to recent claims that acetaldehyde toxicity is responsible for some of the effects previously ascribed to ethanol in alcohol fermentations, especially Zymomonas fermentations. Further work is required to confirm the importance of acetaldehyde toxicity under other culture conditions. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260420104
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of acetaldehyde on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis subjected to environmental shocks (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 53 (1997), S. 71-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Zymomonas ; yeast ; acetaldehyde ; ethanol ; stress ; inhibition ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The lag phase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae subjected to a step increase in temperature or ethanol concentration was reduced by as much as 60% when acetaldehyde was added to the medium at concentrations less than 0.1 g/L. Maximum specific growth rates were also substantially increased. Even greater proportional reductions in lag time due to acetaldehyde addition were observed for ethanol-shocked cultures of Zymomonas mobilis. Acetaldehyde had no effect on S. cerevisiae cultures started from stationary phase inocula in the absence of environmental shock and its lag-reducing effects were greater in complex medium than in a defined synthetic medium. Acetaldehyde reacted strongly with the ingredients of complex culture media. It is proposed that the effect of added acetaldehyde may be to compensate for the inability of cells to maintain transmembrane acetaldehyde gradients following an environmental shock. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition and stimulation of yeast growth by acetaldehyde (1993)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 15 (1993), S. 1199-1204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Acetaldehyde at above about 0.3 g/l inhibited yeast growth, suggesting that it may contribute to product inhibition in alcohol fermentations when present at high concentrations intracellularly. The toxic effects of acetaldehyde and ethanol were not mutually reinforcing, acetaldehyde appearing to alleviate slightly the effects of ethanol. In support of this, low concentrations of acetaldehyde greatly reduced the lag phase in ethanol-containing medium and increased the specific growth rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00130297
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