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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words     Chromosomal mosaicism ; Gonadal dysgenesis ; GnRH test ; Cell selection in vivo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract      A comparison has been made of a case with 45,X/46,XX/ 47,XXX mosaicism with some 50 cases in the literature. A significant positive correlation was found between height standard deviation scores of mosaic patients from the literature and the frequency of cells with a normal chromosome constitution (n = 21, r s = 0.552, P 〈 0.01). In contrast, a significant negative correlation was seen between body height and the frequency of cells with a 45,X constitution (n = 21, r s = –0.594, P 〈 0.01). There was no significant correlation of height standard deviation score with the 47,XXX cell line (n = 21, r s = –0.353). A patient with a rare chromosomal mosaicism (45,X/46,XX/ 47,XXX) is described. The diagnosis was first made by chromosome analysis in amniotic cells. The patient showed no symptoms suggestive of Turner syndrome and growth followed the 75th height percentile. Basal and gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulated gonadotropin levels normalized after age 4.8 years and did not subsequently return to hypergonadotropic levels. In blood lymphocytes, there was an increase in the frequency of cells with a normal chromosome constitution over 9 years. This in vivo cell selection is discussed. Chromosome analysis in skin fibroblasts showed the same triple mosaicism with a similar distribution of cell lines as in blood lymphocytes. In conclusion, statistical evidence was demonstrated that the severity of short stature is correlated with the distribution of cell lines in 45,X/46,XX/47,XXX mosaicism. This finding is of importance for the genetic counselling in cases of prenatal diagnosis of mosaic Turner syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 151 (1992), S. 751-755 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Williams-Beuren syndrome ; Growth ; Puberty ; Bone maturation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The spontaneous growth of 165 patients (75 girls and 90 boys) with Williams-Beuren syndrome was analysed in a mixed longitudinal and cross-sectional manner. Mean (±1 SD) length at birth was 48.2±2.6 cm in girls (n=52) and 49.0±3.0 cm in boys (n=65). Intrauterine growth retardation (length below −2 SD of the normal population) was present in 35% of the girls and 22% of the boys. Poor growth was noted during the first 2 years of life. Until age 9 years in girls and 11 years in boys, mean growth followed the 3rd percentile. A pubertal growth spurt with normal growth rate was seen at age 10 years in girls and 13 years in boys, i.e. 1 to 2 years earlier than normal. Menarche also occurred earlier than normal at a mean age of 11.6±1.5 years (n=28). Mean adult height was 153.9±6.9 cm in girls (n=17) and 168.2±6.9 cm in boys (n=27), approximately corresponding to the 3rd percentile in both sexes and correlating with the genetic height potential (target height). The mean deficit of adult height compared to target height was 10.2 cm in girls and 9.1 cm in boys. Skeletal development progressed at an approximately normal rate in both sexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist ; Decapeptyl ; Precocious puberty ; Growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A total of 82 patients (74 girls, 8 boys) are presently participating in an international multicentre trial for treatment of central precocious puberty (CPP) with a slow release gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist depot preparation: Decapeptyl-Depot (DD). Of these patients, 53 (3 boys) were previously untreated (group 1) and 29 (5 boys) have been treated before with either a short-acting GnRH analogue or cyproterone acetate (group 2). Fifty-one patients (44 girls, 7 boys) were treated with DD for 12 months or more. Basal plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) levels decreased in both groups after 1 year of therapy. The LH response to intravenous GnRH was reduced in both groups. Basal plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels decreased in both groups. Stimulated FSH levels were reduced in both groups after 1 year of DD treatment. Plasma oestradiol levels in the girls decreased to prepubertal levels in both groups. In all patients the clinical signs of precocious gonadarche such as breast development and menstruations (girls) and an increased testis volume (boys), did not further progress and sometimes regressed in several patients. Growth velocity decreased in the girls of group 1 from 9.0±0.72cm/year (mean±SEM) in the last half-year before treatment to 6.3±0.50 in the first half-year of treatment (P〈0.01) and to 4.5±0.23 cm/year in the second half-year (P〈0.01). After 12 months a stabilization of growth velocity was observed. The ΔBA/ΔCA ratio decreased during treatment in this group of girls, resulting in an improvement of adult height prediction from 161.9±3.3 cm (mean±SEM) at the start to 164.1±3.5cm after 18 months of therapy (P〈0.05). No change of height prediction was observed in group 2. At present we consider one i.m. injection of DD every 4 weeks as the treatment of choice in children with CPP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Chromosomal mosaicism ; Gonadal dysgenesis GnRH test ; Cell selection in vivo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A comparison has been made of a case with 45,X/46,XX/47,XXX mosaicism with some 50 cases in the literature. A significant positive correlation was found between height standard deviation scores of mosaic patients from the literature and the frequency of cells with a normal chromosome constitution (n=21,r s =0.552,P〈0.01). In contrast, a significant negative correlation was seen between body height and the frequency of cells with a 45,X constitution (n=21,r s =−0.594,P〈0.01). There was no significant correlation of height standard deviation score with the 47,XXX cell line (n=21,r s =−0.353). A patient with a rare chromosomal mosaicism (45,X/46,XX/47,XXX) is described. The diagnosis was first made by chromosome analysis in amniotic cells. The patient showed no symptoms suggestive of Turner syndrome and growth followed the 75th height percentile. Basal and gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulated gonadotropin levels normalized after age 4.8 years and did not subsequently return to hypergonadotropic levels. In blood lymphocytes, there was an increase in the frequency of cells with a normal chromosome constitution over 9 years. This in vivo cell selection is discussed. Chromosome analysis in skin fibroblasts showed the same triple mosaicism with a similar distribution of cell lines as in blood lymphocytes. In conclusion, statistical evidence was demonstrated that the severity of short stature is correlated with the distribution of cell lines in 45,X/46,XX/47,XXX mosaicism. This finding is of importance for the genetic counselling in cases of prenatal diagnosis of mosaic Turner syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 182 (1963), S. 594-598 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 181 (1963), S. 154-174 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Das Syndrom: Ohrmißbildung, Facialis- und Abducenslähmung als Folge einer Thalidomidschädigung ist bisher unbekannt. Es wird über 12 eigene Beobachtungen berichtet, bei denen sich das genannte Kernsyndrom fand, umgeben von einer Vielzahl weiterer Mißbildungen entsprechend der Variationsbreite des Dysmeliesyndroms. 2. Darstellung der kritischen Phase für die Entstchung der Ohrmißbildung vergesellschaftet mit Facialis- und Abducensparese als Ausdruck einer Schädigung des Systems „Neuralleiste-Gesichts-Kauapparat” durch Thalidomidmedikation in der Frühschwangerschaft. 3. Die bisher erst einmal beschriebene Doppelung des N. facialis in seiner intralabyrinthären Verlaufsstrecke (Altmann) und das bisher ebenfalls erst einmal beschriebene Bestehenbleiben einer primitiven Vena capitis lateralis (Altmann) wird im histologischen Bild dargestellt und als Folge der Thalidomideinwirkung beschrieben. 4. Bemerkungen zur Frage der therapeutischen Haltung gegen-über der bisher in ihrer Ätiologie unbekannten Form der Facialisschädigung. Eine operative Behandlung ist zwecklos und daher abzulehnen. Für eine rechtzeitig eingeleitete konsequente Übungs- und Reizstrombehandlung dagegen besteht eine absolute Indikation. Günstige Ergebnisse können erhofft werden. Beim Versagen der konservativen Behandlung kämen in späterer Zeit Ersatzeingriffe (Muskel-Fascienplastiken, Tantalplastik) in Betracht. Die chirurgische Versorgung der Mißbildung des Schalleitungsapparates muß mit neuen Problemstellungen rechnen (sieheSchwarz). Dagegen sollte die Indikation für kosmetische Eingriffe am mißbildeten äußeren Ohr nach üblichen Gesichtspunkten gestellt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 183 (1964), S. 336-338 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 184 (1965), S. 536-549 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Innerhalb des Moebius-Syndroms („Infantiler Kernschwund“) sollen nach einem allerdings in seiner Zugehörigkeit zum Moebius-Syndrom umstrittenen Einzelfall (Marfan u.Armand-Delille 1902) Ohrmißbildungen, Schwerhörigkeit und Taubheit sowie vestibuläre Untererregbarkeit auftreten. Durch unsere Beobachtungen konnten wir zeigen, daß bei nur geringer äußerer Ohrmusehelverformung eine Mißbildung beider Labyrinthe Taubheit verursachen kann. Auf der anderen Seite kann eine progrediente Schwerhörigkeit (Pat. 4) den angeborenen Schaden vortäuschen. Die stets vorhandenen Facialisparesen sind nicht peripherer Natur, sondern durch Kernhypoplasien ausgelöst. Die Entstehung des Moebius-Syndroms basiert auf einem frÜhembryonalen Schaden, der durch einen uns unbekannten Faktor hervorgerufen wird. Die Möglichkeit einer Schädigung ähnlich wie bei den Thalidomid-Embryopathien wird diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 187 (1966), S. 581-584 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 146 (1998), S. 93-96 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Williams-Beuren-Syndrom ; Entwicklungsverzögerung ; Nierenfehlbildung ; Herzfehler ; Kleinwuchs ; Key words Williams-Beuren syndrome ; Mental retardation ; Renal malformation ; Congenital heart defect ; Short stature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Williams-Beuren syndrome is a multiple malformation syndrome with autosomal dominant inheritance and variable expression. Characteristic symptoms are congenital heart defects (typically supravalvular aortic stenosis in combination with peripheral pulmonary stenoses), primary psychomental retardation, distinct facial features, malformations of the kidney or urinary tract, failure to thrive and gastrointestinal symptoms in infancy and early childhood, and short stature (50% of patients). We report on a young man with Williams-Beuren syndrome in whom the dignosis was made late at the age of 24 years. During infancy poor suckling and recurrent vomiting were noted. Psychomental development was retarded. The patient showed a hypersensitivity to noise and music. Renal scarring was seen on the right side and a duplicated ureter on the left. Surgical antireflux treatment was performed at age 12 years. The patient attended a school for mentally handicapped children and is now working with an institutionalized group. At the age of 24 the typical facial features of an adult with Williams-Beuren syndrome were seen, but no congenital heart defect. By molecular genetic analysis we demonstrated hemizygosity for the elastin locus and thus confirmed the clinical diagnosis of Williams-Beuren syndrome. Discussion: This observation demonstrates that the diagnosis of Williams-Beuren syndrome may be markedly delayed in the absence of a cardiovascular defect. The combination of typical craniofacial signs, primary mental and psychomotor retardation, poor suckling and gastrointestinal symptoms in infancy and early childhood, and malformations of the kidneys and/or the urinary tract should prompt consideration of Williams-Beuren syndrome.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Williams-Beuren-Syndrom wird mit variabler Expressivität autosomal-dominant vererbt. Es ist charakterisiert durch den typischen Herzfehler, die supravalvuläre Aortenstenose, welche häufig mit peripheren Pulmonalstenosen kombiniert ist. Weitere charakteristische Symptome sind die primäre psychomentale Retardierung, die typische kraniofaziale Dysmorphie und Fehlbildungen der Nieren oder ableitenden Harnwege. Im Säuglings- und Kleinkindesalter treten Gedeihstörung sowie gastrointestinale Auffälligkeiten wie rezidivierendes Erbrechen und Durchfälle auf. 50% der Patienten sind kleinwüchsig. Wir berichten über einen jungen Mann mit Williams-Beuren-Syndrom, bei dem diese Diagnose erst im Alter von 24 Jahren gestellt wurde. In der Säuglingszeit bestanden Trinkschwäche und rezidivierendes Erbrechen. Die psychomentale Entwicklung verlief primär verzögert. Anamnestisch wurde von einer ausgeprägten Geräuschempfindlichkeit und einem guten Musikempfinden berichtet. Es bestehen eine Schrumpfniere rechts und ein gedoppeltes Nierenbecken links. Im Alter von 12 Jahren wurde eine Antirefluxplastik durchgeführt. Der Patient besuchte die Sonderschule L und arbeitet jetzt in einer beschützenden Werkstatt. Mit 24 Jahren zeigte der Patient die charakterisitische kraniofaziale Dysmorphie eines Erwachsenen mit Williams-Beuren-Syndrom. Ferner fiel sein für das Syndrom typisches freundlich zugewandtes Verhalten auf. Eine primäre kardiovaskuläre Fehlbildung konnte allerdings ausgeschlossen werden. Die Diagnose wurde durch den molekulargenetischen Nachweis der Hemizygotie für den Elastinlocus bestätigt. Diskussion: Dieser Fall belegt eindrücklich, daß die Diagnosestellung bei Patienten mit Williams-Beuren-Syndrom, die nicht den typischen Herzfehler aufweisen, trotz einer ansonsten pathognomonischen Befundkonstellation stark verzögert sein kann. Die Kombination aus typischer kraniofazialer Dysmorphie, primärer statomotorischer und mentaler Retardierung, unerklärter Trinkschwäche und rezidivierendem Erbrechen mit Gedeihstörung sollte auch ohne zusätzliche Fehlbildungen im Bereich von Nieren und ableitenden Harnwegen an die Diagnose Williams-Beuren-Syndrom denken lassen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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