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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 36 (1976), S. 183-189 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fractions of glycoproteins preventing formation of ice crystals in water were isolated from the mussel Mytilus edulis, using ion-exchange procedure and gel filtration. The protein fractions depress the freezing point of water more than would be expected from their concentrations, taking into account their molecular weights (〉10 000 Daltons). It is suggested that the occurrence of such antifreeze glycoproteins contributes essentially to the mechanism of freezing resistance in the mussel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The geographic distribution and origin of CFTR mutations in Germany was evaluated in 658 three-generation families with cystic fibrosis (CF). Fifty different mutations were detected on 1305 parental CF chromosomes from 22 European countries and overseas. The major mutation ΔF508 was identified on 71.5% of all CF chromosomes, followed by R553X (1.8%), N1303K (1.3%), G542X (1.1%), G551D (0.8%) and R347P (0.8%). According to the grandparents’ birthplace, 74% of CF chromosomes had their origin in Germany; the ΔF508 percentage was 77%, 75%, 70% and 62% in northern, southern, western and eastern Germany, respectively. Ten or more mutant alleles in the investigated CF gene pool originated from Austria, the Czech Republic, Poland, Russia, Turkey and the Ukraine. This widespread geographic origin of CFTR mutations in today’s Germany reflects the many demographic changes and migrations in Central Europe during the 20th century.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Factor V Leiden ; Protein C ; Protein S ; Thromboembolism ; Childhood
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hereditary resistance to the anticoagulatory action of activated protein C (APC resistance, APCR) was identified as a possible new thrombophilic factor in a high percentage (17%–60%) of young adults with thrombotic events. A single missense mutation (R506Q) due to a G/A transition (G1691A) in exon 10 of the factor V gene is regarded as the causative molecular defect, resulting in factor V Leiden which is correlated with APCR. Identification of this mutation by polymerase chain reaction-based methods is easy to perform and prevents pre-analytical and analytical errors in the coagulometric assay for APCR. Since the impact of this mutation in children with thrombo-embolic disease has not been determined to date, we initiated a multi centre prevalence study in two paediatric populations, with and without thrombo-embolic events. We compared 125 paediatric patients with thrombosis, divided into three different age groups (0 to 〈 0.5 years; 〉 0.5 to 〈 10 years; 〉 10 to 〈 18 years) with a normal population of 159 children. Although the mutation G1691A was found with an unexpectedly high prevalence of 12% in our normal controls, the prevalence was significantly higher in the age groups: 0 to 〈 0.5 years (26%) and 〉 10 to 〈 18 years (30%). In patients between 〉 0.5 and 〈 10 years the overall prevalence was similar to that of the control group (13%). However, in patients of this age with spontaneous thrombosis, G1691A was also a significant risk factor (5/17 〉 29%). Homozygosity for G1691A was detected in three patients but not in the control group. Including deficiencies of protein C, protein S, antithrombin, and the presence of anti-phospholipid antibodies, thrombosis was correlated with endogenous thrombophilic factors in 38/125 patients (30.4%). Conclusion Our results emphasize the impact of factor V Leiden on thrombogenesis in children. However, the significance is age-dependent and may reflect the different physiology of haemostasis in the three age groups. The diagnostic workup of children with thrombosis should include tests for factor V Leiden. The correlation of factor V Leiden with the clinical course of thrombo-embolism in children is essential to establish rational guidelines for therapy and prophylaxis of APCR-related thrombosis which are not yet available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Fanconi-Bickel syndrome ; Facilitative glucose transport ; Glut2 ; Glycogen storage disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fanconi-Bickel syndrome (FBS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of carbohydrate metabolism recently demonstrated to be caused by mutations in Glut2, the gene for the glucose transporter protein 2 expressed in liver, pancreas, intestine and kidney. The disease was first described in a 3-year-old Swiss boy in 1949. Here we report a follow up of this original patient over more than 50 years and show that the typical clinical and laboratory findings of FBS (hepatomegaly secondary to glycogen accumulation, glucose and galactose intolerance, fasting hypoglycaemia, a characteristic proximal tubular nephropathy and severe short stature) persist into adulthood. We further summarize the historical observations that eventually led to the identification of the basic defect of FBS and give an overview of the 82 cases from 70 families in the published literature and from personal communications. Conclusion Although with the first description of a congenital defect of facilitative glucose transport the main steps in the pathophysiology of Fanconi-Bickel syndrome have been elucidated, numerous pathophysiological mechanisms are far from clear and thus encourage the ongoing study of patients with this disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words ITP ; von Willebrand disease ; DDAVP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Resistance to activated protein C (APCR) ; Protein C ; Protein S ; Childhood thrombo-embolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Childhood thrombo-embolism is mostly the result of inherited thrombophilia or vascular insults combined with risk factors such as peripartal asphyxia, fetopathia diabetica, exsiccosis, septicaemia, central lines, congenital heart disease, cancer, trauma, surgery or elevated antiphospholipid antibodies. Inherited thrombophilia includes mainly defects of the protein C pathway, resistance to activated protein C, protein C or protein S deficiency. Resistance to activated protein C, in the majority of cases caused by the point mutation Arg 506 Gln of the factor V gene, has emerged as the most important hereditary cause of thrombo-embolism in adults and children. However, since an acquired risk of thrombo-embolic complications frequently masks the inherited deficiency in affected children, children with thrombo-embolism should have adequate laboratory evaluation for inherited coagulation disorders, especially the protein C pathway. Until more data on childhood thrombo-embolism are available, treatment recommendations will continue to be extrapolated from guidelines for adults.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 155 (1996), S. 751-752 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Arg506 to Gln ; t-PA ; u-PA ; PAI 1 ; D-Dimer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Resistance to activated protein C (APCR), in the majority of cases due to the arginine506 (Arg506) to glutamine (Gln) mutation in the factor V gene, has emerged as the most important hereditary cause of venous thrombo-embolism. To determine to what extent this relatively common gene mutation influences the fibrinolytic system we investigated a population of APC resistant children (n = 65) in comparison with a control group␣of sex- and age-matched healthy children (n = 100). Compared to the controls, plasma levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) 1 antigen, D-Dimer and enhanced thrombin generation were significantly (P 〈 0.0001) increased in children with the common factor V mutation. No difference was found between symptomatic and non-symptomatic children. Whether high concentrations of t-PA, u-PA and PA1 antigen can predict future vascular occlusion in children with APCR requires a more extensive multicentre study. Conclusion Our data indicate that hypercoagulability in children with the Arg506 to Gln mutation in the factor V gene is mainly attributed to the genetic aetiology of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part B: Biochemistry and 67 (1980), S. 561-568 
    ISSN: 0305-0491
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 146 (1998), S. 93-96 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Williams-Beuren-Syndrom ; Entwicklungsverzögerung ; Nierenfehlbildung ; Herzfehler ; Kleinwuchs ; Key words Williams-Beuren syndrome ; Mental retardation ; Renal malformation ; Congenital heart defect ; Short stature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Williams-Beuren syndrome is a multiple malformation syndrome with autosomal dominant inheritance and variable expression. Characteristic symptoms are congenital heart defects (typically supravalvular aortic stenosis in combination with peripheral pulmonary stenoses), primary psychomental retardation, distinct facial features, malformations of the kidney or urinary tract, failure to thrive and gastrointestinal symptoms in infancy and early childhood, and short stature (50% of patients). We report on a young man with Williams-Beuren syndrome in whom the dignosis was made late at the age of 24 years. During infancy poor suckling and recurrent vomiting were noted. Psychomental development was retarded. The patient showed a hypersensitivity to noise and music. Renal scarring was seen on the right side and a duplicated ureter on the left. Surgical antireflux treatment was performed at age 12 years. The patient attended a school for mentally handicapped children and is now working with an institutionalized group. At the age of 24 the typical facial features of an adult with Williams-Beuren syndrome were seen, but no congenital heart defect. By molecular genetic analysis we demonstrated hemizygosity for the elastin locus and thus confirmed the clinical diagnosis of Williams-Beuren syndrome. Discussion: This observation demonstrates that the diagnosis of Williams-Beuren syndrome may be markedly delayed in the absence of a cardiovascular defect. The combination of typical craniofacial signs, primary mental and psychomotor retardation, poor suckling and gastrointestinal symptoms in infancy and early childhood, and malformations of the kidneys and/or the urinary tract should prompt consideration of Williams-Beuren syndrome.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Williams-Beuren-Syndrom wird mit variabler Expressivität autosomal-dominant vererbt. Es ist charakterisiert durch den typischen Herzfehler, die supravalvuläre Aortenstenose, welche häufig mit peripheren Pulmonalstenosen kombiniert ist. Weitere charakteristische Symptome sind die primäre psychomentale Retardierung, die typische kraniofaziale Dysmorphie und Fehlbildungen der Nieren oder ableitenden Harnwege. Im Säuglings- und Kleinkindesalter treten Gedeihstörung sowie gastrointestinale Auffälligkeiten wie rezidivierendes Erbrechen und Durchfälle auf. 50% der Patienten sind kleinwüchsig. Wir berichten über einen jungen Mann mit Williams-Beuren-Syndrom, bei dem diese Diagnose erst im Alter von 24 Jahren gestellt wurde. In der Säuglingszeit bestanden Trinkschwäche und rezidivierendes Erbrechen. Die psychomentale Entwicklung verlief primär verzögert. Anamnestisch wurde von einer ausgeprägten Geräuschempfindlichkeit und einem guten Musikempfinden berichtet. Es bestehen eine Schrumpfniere rechts und ein gedoppeltes Nierenbecken links. Im Alter von 12 Jahren wurde eine Antirefluxplastik durchgeführt. Der Patient besuchte die Sonderschule L und arbeitet jetzt in einer beschützenden Werkstatt. Mit 24 Jahren zeigte der Patient die charakterisitische kraniofaziale Dysmorphie eines Erwachsenen mit Williams-Beuren-Syndrom. Ferner fiel sein für das Syndrom typisches freundlich zugewandtes Verhalten auf. Eine primäre kardiovaskuläre Fehlbildung konnte allerdings ausgeschlossen werden. Die Diagnose wurde durch den molekulargenetischen Nachweis der Hemizygotie für den Elastinlocus bestätigt. Diskussion: Dieser Fall belegt eindrücklich, daß die Diagnosestellung bei Patienten mit Williams-Beuren-Syndrom, die nicht den typischen Herzfehler aufweisen, trotz einer ansonsten pathognomonischen Befundkonstellation stark verzögert sein kann. Die Kombination aus typischer kraniofazialer Dysmorphie, primärer statomotorischer und mentaler Retardierung, unerklärter Trinkschwäche und rezidivierendem Erbrechen mit Gedeihstörung sollte auch ohne zusätzliche Fehlbildungen im Bereich von Nieren und ableitenden Harnwegen an die Diagnose Williams-Beuren-Syndrom denken lassen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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