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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 17 (1984), S. 1998-2005 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 52 (1965), S. 345-346 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 52 (1965), S. 166-167 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 252 (1974), S. 358-366 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die uniaxiale Deformation von Einkristallen und von Mehrschichtkristallen von Polyoxymethylen (POM) wurde ausgeführt und dabei gefunden, daß die Richtung senkrecht zum Zug für eine Rißbildung bevorzugt ist. Die Risse öffnen sich sehr wenig an Kristallen, die gut an der Unterlage haften, dagegen relativ stärker an den oberen Schichten von Mehrschichtkristallen. Mehrschichtkristalle, gebildet entweder aus der Stapelung von Lamellen oder mittels Schraubendislokationswachstum, zeigen einander ähnliches Deformationsverhalten. Aus den verschiedenen Ergebnissen läßt sich erkennen, daß die vorherrschende Art der Deformation von Kristallen eine Kombination umschließt von Mikronecking (Mikroeinschnürungen), Sprödbruch der Lamelle und Bildung von Fasern, Kippen in der Verstreckrichtung und Scherung längs Gleitlinien. Das Auftreten von Mosaikstrukturen bei deformierten Kristallen kann als Ergebnis einem kooperativen Mikronecking und Gleiten zugeschrieben werden. Die Gleitlinien entwickeln sich bei POM-Kristallen immer senkrecht und parallel zu den Wachstumsflächen in Bezug auf die Zugrichtungen. Einige der charakteristischen Züge, die während der Deformation beobachtet werden, sind die Bildung von Falten parallel zur Zugrichtung, zweitens von β-Fasern, welche als hochdeformierte Zustände von Lamellen betrachtet werden können, drittens von Fasern mit einer Perlenstruktur und viertens die Ausbildung einer Faser durch Zusammenfließen von Fasern aus verschiedenen oder auch derselben Lamelle. Ein wahrscheinlicher Mechanismus der Bildung von Artifakten während des Abdruckprozesses, der ein Dünnwerden einer Lamelle durch molekulares Abkippen zu sein scheint, wird vorgeschlagen. Die Verwendung von Natriumcarboxy-methyl-amylose im Abdruckprozeß scheint vorteilhaft zu sein und in der Tat bleiben die Natriumcarboxy-methyl-amylose im Abdruckprozeß scheint vorteilhaft zu sein und in der Tat bleiben die meisten Mikrodetails der deformierten Kristalle sogar bei höherer Vergrößerung erhalten.
    Notes: Summary The uniaxial deformation of single and multilayered crystals of polyoxymethylene was carried out and found that preference direction for crack formation was normal to the direction of drawing. The cracks are found to open very little on crystal well adhering to substrate while relatively more on the upper layer of multilayered crystals. Multilayered crystals, formed either by stacking of lamellae or from screw dislocation mechanism show similar behaviour of deformation. From the various results, it has been revealed that predominant mode of deformation of crystals involve combination of micronecking, “brittle” fracture of lamellae and formation of fibers, buckling in draw direction and shear along slip line. The development of mosaic structure in deformed crystals can be attributed to the result of cooperative micronecking and slip. The slip lines developed over POM crystals are always straight and parallel to growth faces irrespective of draw directions. Some of the characteristic features observed during the deformation are formation of (i) buckles parallel to draw direction, (ii) β-fibers which can be considered as highly deformed stage of lamella, (iii) fibers having “beaded” structure and (iv) a fiber by coalescence of fibers coming from different lamellae or from same lamella. A probable mechanism of formation of an artifact during the replicating process which appears as thinning of lamellae due to molecular tilting is advanced. Utilization of sodium carboxy Methyl Amylose in the replication process proved to be advantageous and in fact, most of the micro details of deformed crystals are retained even at a higher magnification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 253 (1975), S. 344-344 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 254 (1976), S. 859-867 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Kristallisation von Polyacrylnitril und anderen Polymeren wird nach der Methode der Filmbildung ausgeführt. Das Polyacrylnitril war hergestellt durch Polymerisation von Acrylnitril initiiert mit einem Cer-Ionen-Redoxsystem. Die Fraktionierung des Polyacrylnitrils wurde mit der Methode, dieKobayashi undFujisaki beschrieben haben, durchgeführt. Die vorliegende Studie für die Untersuchung der wachsenden Kristalle wurde an einer Probe mit dem mittleren Molekulargewicht $$\bar M_w = 1,2 \times 10^5 $$ durchgeführt. Cellulosetriacetat (CTA) mit dem Molekulargewicht $$\bar M_n = 3,5 \times 10^5 $$ , bestimmt aus Viskositätsmessungen in Chloroform bei 25 °C nach Haward und Parikh, wurde ebenso wie Polydthylen (PE), mit $$\bar M_n = 9,9 \times 10^4 $$ aus Viskositdtsmessungen in Xylol bei 90 °C nach Billmeyer, für die Beobachtung des Kristallwachstums verwendet. PE wurde von den Chemischen Werken Hüls (Deutschland) geliefert, CTA durch Acetylierung von Cellulose mit Essigsdure und Essigsäureanhydrid und Perchlorsäure als Katalysator präpariert. Amyloseacetat wurde aus Amylose extrahiert, aus Kartoffelstärke gewonnen.
    Notes: Summary Crystallization of polyacrylonitrile has been carried out at different temperatures from fractionated sample, and different morphological growth features obtained are compared with those observed previously from unfractionated sample. Several new growth features like rectangular single crystals, twinned crystals, ovals and spherulites have been observed. The role of different typical growth features for the development of spherulites has been studied. It seems that the proposed growth mechanism for the development of spherulite grown either from the melt or concentrated solution is the same for different polymers. From the observed growth features of dendritic nature in different conditions, a mechanism of development of dendritic spherulite is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 265 (1987), S. 592-596 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Morphology ; crystallization ; singlecrystal ; trans-1 ; 4-polyisoprene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The film formation method has been successfully used to grow single crystals and other complex morphological features of low melting form (LMF) and high melting form (HMF) of trans-1,4-polyisoprene (TPIP). Below 40 °C dilute amyl acetate solution gave hexagonal shaped LMF crystals. Thick and elongated hexagonal shaped morphology was shown by HMF crystals at temperatures above 40 °C. Straight faces and sharp corners of the single crystals, and also of complex crystals, acquired round shapes when highly polydispersed TPIP was used for crystallization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method was developed for estimating the age density of transporting elements at a transport surface by using the spectral density of the total element counts. Only total counts, and not individual element histories, need be observed. The method was compared with autocorrelation methods used in an earlier work. Residence times were measured for several sizes of particles at a paticular wall surface of a stirred fluidized bed and at various gas velocities using both spectral density and autocorrelation methods. A dimensionless plot brought all data points near a single curve, valid only for this surface in this bed. Checks of these residence times against values obtained by direct observation of individual particles confirmed the methods.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Average transport coefficients for different transport models are computed by using widely varying distributions of residence times of elements at the transporting surface. It is shown that for typical transport models, the shapes of the residence time and age distributions have an insignificant effect on the average transport coefficient. Operational techniques for calculating average coefficients and for constructing delayed versions of age distributions are presented.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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