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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of Health Status in the 1990s (1990)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Public Health 11 (1990), S. 165-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0163-7525
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pu.11.050190.001121
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selected Methodological Issues in Evaluating Community-Based Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Programs (1992)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Public Health 13 (1992), S. 31-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0163-7525
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pu.13.050192.000335
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measuring health and health state preferences among critically ill patients (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 1379-1384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: key words Preferences ; Proxy responses ; EuroQol ; Health status measurement ; Quality of life ; Critical patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: 1a) to examine the EuroQol instrument’s ability to assess a patient’s state of health prior to admission to an ICU; b)to describe a patient’s health-related quality of life (HRQoL) before the onset of the condition leading to admission to the ICU, and prior to discharge; c)to compare patients’ preferences for a “common core” of EuroQol health states with preferences from healthy individuals. Design: Patients in a step-down unit (SDU) retrospectively rated their health states prior to admission to the ICU, their current states of health and the “common core” of hypothetical EuroQol states of health. Proxies rated the patients’ health states prior to admission to the ICU. Patients’ preferences for EuroQol states of health were compared with the preferences obtained from a retrospective cohort of healthy individuals. Setting: An SDU at the University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain. Patients: 103 critical medical and surgical patients were interviewed. Intervention: The EuroQol questionnaire, a non-disease specific instrument to evaluate HRQoL. Measurements and main results: Agreement between patients and proxies regarding their prior health state was moderate to good in physical and pain areas (kappa: 0.43–0.58), fair for mood (kappa: 0.38) and almost identical for prior overall health (65.9 vs 66.3). Compared with their prior HRQoL, patients had deteriorated in all physical areas and overall health at discharge from the SDU. Preferences for the worst health states varied significantly between patients and healthy individuals. Conclusion: The EuroQol can be reliably used with proxies to determine the state of health of patients prior to admission to the ICU. Preferences between healthy individuals and ICU patients differed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01709554
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measuring health and health state preferences among critically ill patients (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 1379-1384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Preferences ; Proxy responses ; EuroQol ; Health status measurement ; Quality of life ; Critical patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective a) to examine the EuroQol instrument's ability to assess a patient's state of health prior to admission to an ICU; b) to describe a patient's health-related quality of life (HRQoL) before the onset of the condition leading to admission to the ICU, and prior to discharge; c) to compare patients' preferences for a “common core” of EuroQol health states with preferences from healthy individuals. Design Patients in a step-down unit (SDU) retrospectively rated their health states prior to admission to the ICU, their current states of health and the “common core” of hypothetical EuroQol states of health. Proxies rated the patients' health states prior to admission to the ICU. Patients' preferences for EuroQol states of health were compared with the preferences obtained from a retrospective cohort of healthy individuals. Setting An SDU at the University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain. Patients 103 critical medical and surgical patients were interviewed. Intervention The EuroQol questionnaire, a non-disease specific instrument to evaluate HR QoL. Measurements and main results Agreement between patients and proxies regarding their prior health state was moderate to good in physical and pain areas (kappa: 0.43–0.58), fair for mood (kappa: 0.38) and almost identical for prior overall health (65.9 vs 66.3). Compared with their prior HRQoL, patients had deteriorated in all physical areas and overall health at discharge from the SDU. Preferences for the worst health states varied significantly between patients and healthy individuals. Conclusion The EuroQol can be reliably used with proxies to determine the state of health of patients prior to admission to the ICU. Preferences between healthy individuals and ICU patients differed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01709554
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid translation of quality of life measures for international clinical trials: avoiding errors in the minimalist approach (1994)
    Springer
    Quality of life research 3 (1994), S. 403-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2649
    Keywords: International studies ; obesity ; quality of life ; translation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There is a growing demand for tools to assess outcomes multinationally for use in international clinical trials. This has been accompanied by the need to produce valid and reliable questionnaires in a multiplicity of languages within a short time frame. We present an eight-step protocol for rapidly translating a quality of life (QOL) questionnaire into multiple languages, and demonstrate the protocol's utility and effectiveness by evaluating the translations for reliability and validity. The rapid translation protocol represents a minimalist approach to QOL questionnaire translation. Although this minimalist approach is not considered a recommended methodology, it may represent a feasible mechanism for questionnaire translation under certain circumstances. Most of the steps were completed in the USA, including a translation and back-translation by bilingual translators who were native speakers in the target-language, a test-retest of the translated instrument on five bilingual respondents to establish language and cultural equivalence and review of the translation by an editorial review board. The translated instrument was performance tested in the target language country on a pilot population of patients to determine its reliability and validity. Based on the findings, the instrument was further refined for use in the clinical trial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00435392
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quality of life of persons with onychomycosis (1993)
    Springer
    Quality of life research 2 (1993), S. 341-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2649
    Keywords: Nail infection ; onychomycosis ; quality of life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nails which, although unsightly in appearance, is often considered to be a cosmetic problem. This research reports on the development and performance of a quality-of-life instrument to measure the impact of this disease on the patients' mental and general health, social functioning, pain, and self-confidence. In telephone interviews, 680 members of a health maintenance organization (299 with onychomycosis and 381 without) were asked a battery of items regarding quality of life (mental and social functioning, self-esteem, pain) and specific problems and symptoms related with one's nails. Persons with onychomycosis had significantly poorer ratings compared with the healthy persons with respect to general health (p=0.02) and bodily pain p〈0.001). Persons with onychomycosis also had significantly (p〈0.05) poorer ratings for mental health, social functioning, health concern, physical appearance, and functional limitations associated with activities involving standing on one's feet or working with one's fingers. This study is the first to document the impact of onychomycosis on an individual's quality of life. Persons with onychomycosis may adapt to this condition, but they continue to experience embarrassment and discomfort that reduces their quality of life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00449429
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cross-cultural development of a quality of life measure for men with erection difficulties (1996)
    Springer
    Quality of life research 5 (1996), S. 443-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2649
    Keywords: Erectile dysfunction ; health status indexes ; quality of life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Erection difficulties have a profound effect on a man's quality of life, however, the emotional consequences are often overlooked in quantitative research where most sex-related questionnaires focus on a man's functional ability. Consequently, we developed a cross-cultural instrument to measure quality of life specific to male erection difficulties (QOL-MED). The items in the QOL-MED originated from interviewing forty men with erection difficulties in Seattle and Boston. Twelve men in the USA and 29 men in England helped us refine the instrument. Testing the QOL-MED's psychometric properties involved two administrations over a two-week period in the USA (n=40) and the UK (n=29). For discriminant validity, we predicted quality of life would worsen with increased self-perceived severity of the condition. After controlling for years with erection difficulties in a linear regression model, we found a significant negative association between self-perceived severity and quality of life for men in the UK only (p〈0.01). The expectation that the measure would produce evidence for convergent validity by being more closely correlated to well-being than functional status was not confirmed. Both the USA and UK instruments were internally consistent (Cronbach's α=0.94 and 0.96, respectively), and reproducible (0.78 and 0.95, respectively). This instrument provides a promising tool for studying therapies and understanding quality of life in patients with erectile dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00449919
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Domains of convergence for the EM algorithm: a cautionary tale in a location estimation problem (1993)
    Springer
    Statistics and computing 3 (1993), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1375
    Keywords: Iterative reweighting algorithm ; robustness ; t-distribution ; updating function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The EM algorithm is a popular method for maximizing a likelihood in the presence of incomplete data. When the likelihood has multiple local maxima, the parameter space can be partitioned into domains of convergence, one for each local maximum. In this paper we investigate these domains for the location family generated by the t-distribution. We show that, perhaps somewhat surprisingly, these domains need not be connected sets. As an extreme case we give an example of a domain which consists of an infinite union of disjoint open intervals. Thus the convergence behaviour of the EM algorithm can be quite sensitive to the starting point.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00147772
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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