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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 51 (1973), S. 445-449 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Acute viral hepatitis ; australia antigen ; chromosomes ; Akute Virushepatitis ; Australia Antigen ; Chromosomen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Bei 11 Patienten mit akuter Virushepatitis wurden Chromosomenuntersuchungen an Lymphocytenkulturen des peripheren Blutes während des Krankheitsverlaufes und nach Normalisierung der Laborbefunde durchgeführt, wobei die Rate struktureller chromosomaler Aberrationen zum Australia-Antigen(HAA)-Befund und zu anderen Laborwerten in Beziehung gesetzt wurde. 2. Zum Zeitpunkt der Erstkultur während der akuten Krankheitsphase betrug die Aberrationsrate in der Patientengruppe mit HAA-positiven Hepatitiden 21,5%±6,74 (S.D.), beiden Patienten mit negativem HAA-Befund 7,2%±3.03 (S.D.); der Unterschied zwischen diesen beiden Gruppen war statistisch hoch signifikant. Beide Gruppen unterschieden sich signifikant von einer Kontrollgruppe ohne Lebererkrankung, bei der eine Aberrationsrate von 3,2%±2,14 (S.D.) gefunden wurde. 3. Bei raschem Verschwinden des HAA aus dem Serum kam es auch zu raschem Rückgang der Aberrationsrate; bei HAA-Persistenz hingegen blieb die Zahl der Aberrationen hoch. 4. Die anhaltend hohen Aberrationsraten bei HAA-Persistenz könnten Hinweis für eine erhöhte mutagen-cancerogene Belastung sein.
    Notes: Summary 1. Studies on chromosomes of lymphocyte cultures from peripheral blood were performed in 11 patients with acute viral hepatitis during the course of the disease and after normalisation of laboratory data. The relationship between the rate of structural chromosomal aberrations and the presence of Australia antigen (HAA) was investigated. 2. During the acute stage of the hepatitis, the mean aberration rate was 21,5%±6,74 (S.D.) and 7,2%±3.03 (S.D.) in the HAA positive and the HAA negative patients, respectively. The difference between the two groups was highly significant. Both groups were significantly different from a control group without liver disease in which an aberration rate of 3,2%±2,14 (S.D.) was found. 3. Rapid disappearance of HAA from serum was accompanied by a rapid decrease of the chromosomal aberration rate. In contrast, the aberration rate remained elevated in patients with HAA persistence. 4. The high aberration rates in HAA persistance might be suggestive of an increased mutagenic-cancerogenic exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Après traitement de lithiases vésiculaires et lithiases de la voie biliare principale par lithotritie extracorporale (LEC), une intervention chirurgicale s'est avèrée nécessaire dans 5 cas. Ceux-ci représentent donc une incidence d'intervention chirurgicale de 1% des patients ayant une lithiase vésiculaire et de 9% des patients ayant une lithiase de la voie biliaire principale traités par LEC pendant une période de 2 1/2 ans. La mortalité était nulle. Chez 2 patients avec une lithiase vésiculaire et persistence de coliques hépatiques après LEC, on a effectué une cholécystectomie. Il n'y avait ni lésion macroscopique ou microscopique, ni signes d'hémorragie intramurale au niveau de la vésicule biliaire. On n'a pas mis en évidence de lésion hépatique, duodénale, gastrique ou de lésion de la voie biliaire principale. La LEC a été employée chez 34 patients avec une lithiase de la voie biliaire principale chez lesquels la sphinctérotomie et extraction lithiasique ont été un échec. Trois (9%) de ces patients ont dû être opérés. Chez un patient, et le panier de la sonde de Dormia et la lithiase se sont coincés dans la voie biliaire et ont nécessité une cholédocotomie. Un deuxième patient a présenté une rupture d'un diverticule juxtapapillaire 10 jours après la LEC, et 2 jours après l'extraction endoscopique des fragments lithiasiques restants. A la laparotomie, on a drainé l'espace rétropéritoneal. Chez un troisième patient avec des lithiases vésiculaires et cholédociennes, une cholécystite aiguë s'est déclarée après la LEC des calculs de la voie biliaire principale. On a effectué une cholécystectomie, et on a placé un drain en T dans la voie biliaire principale. L'évolution postopératoire a été sans problème chez tous les patients. Dans notre expérience, la LEC est sans danger, ne s'accompagne d'aucune mortalité, et nécessite rarement une intervention chirurgicale secondaire.
    Abstract: Resumen Se informan 5 casos de intervención quirúrgica después de litotripsia extracorpórea por onda de choque (LEOCH) en pacientes con cálculos de la vesícula biliar y del colédoco. Esto representa una incidencia de intervención quirúrgica de 1% en los pacientes con cálculos de la vesícula y de 9% en los pacientes con cálculos del colédoco sometidos a LEOCH en el curso de los 2 1/2 años del período de investigación. No hubo mortalidad. Se realizó colecistectomía electiva en 2 pacientes con cálculos de la vesícula y cólico persistente después de LEOCH. No se halló evidencia de daño macroscópico o microscópico o de sangrado en la pared de la vesícula; tampoco se observó daño en el hígado, colédoco, duodeno, o estómago. La LEOCH fue realizada en 34 pacientes con cálculos en el colédoco en quienes la esfinterotomía endoscópica no fue exitosa para la extracción de los cálculos. Tres (9%) de estos pacientes requirieron cirugía. En un paciente quedó aprisionada una canastilla de Dormia; la canastilla junto con el cálculo fueron removidos por coledocotomía. En un segundo caso se observó ruptura de un divertículo yuxtapapilar 10 días después de LEOCH y 2 días después de la extracción endoscópica de los fragmentos de cálculos. En la laparotomía se hizo el drenaje del retroperitoneo. En un tercer paciente con cálculos de la vesícula biliar y del colédoco se desarrolló colecistitis aguda después de la litotripsia de los cálculos del colédoco. La evolución postoperatoria fue libre de complicaciones en la totalidad de los pacientes. En nuestra experiencia la LEOCH es un procedimiento seguro, libre de mortalidad, y asociado con baja necesidad de intervención quirúrgica ulterior.
    Notes: Abstract Five cases of surgical intervention following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) of gallbladder and bile duct stones are reported. This represents an incidence of surgical intervention in 1% of patients with gallbladder stones and in 9% of patients with common bile duct stones who underwent ESWL during a two-and-a-half-year investigation period. There was no mortality. In 2 patients with gallbladder stones and persistent colic after ESWL, elective cholecystectomy was performed. There was no evidence of macroscopic or microscopic damage or bleeding within the wall of the gallbladder. Furthermore, no damage to the liver, common bile duct, duodenum, or stomach was noted. ESWL was applied in 34 patients with common bile duct stones in whom endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone extraction had proved ineffective. Three (9%) of these patients required surgery. In 1 patient, a Dormia basket got stuck and the basket, together with the stone, were removed by choledochotomy. In a second patient, rupture of a juxtapapillary diverticulum occurred 10 days after ESWL and 2 days after endoscopic extraction of stone fragments. At laparotomy, the retroperitoneum was drained. In a third patient with gallbladder and common bile duct stones, acute cholecystitis developed after lithotripsy of common bile duct stones. Cholecystectomy was performed and a t-tube was inserted in the bile duct. In all patients, the postoperative course was uneventful. In our experience, ESWL is a safe procedure with no mortality and an infrequent need for surgical intervention.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 332 (1986), S. 398-402 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Colonic (Na++K+)-ATPase ; 3H-ouabain binding ; Inhibition, arachidonic, linoleic acid ; Sulphasalazine metabolites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The sodium pump, (Na++K+)-ATPase, which is involved in the transport of cations and water movement by the colonic mucosa, may be decreased in various diarrhoeal states. In this study, we have measured 3H-ouabain binding and (Na++K+)-ATPase activity in human colonic biopsy homogenates and the influence of various inflammatory and antiinflammatory compounds on these parameters. 3H-ouabain binds to one site of high affinity (K D 1.9±0.2×10−9 mol/l) with a maximal binding capacity of 7.5±0.8×1014 binding sites/g protein. Both arachidonic and linoleic acid inhibited (Na++K+)-ATPase activity (IC50 arachidonic acid: 7.5×10−5 mol/l, linoleic acid: 6.5×10−5 mol/l) and Mg2+-ATPase activity (IC50 arachidonic acid: 9×10−5 mol/l, linoleic acid: 4×10−5 mol/l). Arachidonic acid inhibited 3H-ouabain binding, (IC50 3.2×10−5 mol/l). The following antiinflammatory compounds, at concentrations up to 1×10−3 mol/l, did not influence ATPase activity directly nor reverse the arachidonic acid-induced inhibition: indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor), nordihydroguaretic acid (lipoxygenase inhibitor), sulphasalazine and its metabolites: 5-aminosalicylic acid, N-acetylaminosalicylic acid and sulphapyridine. These results indicate that human colonic (Na++K+)-ATPase is inhibited by the prostanoid precursors, arachidonic and linoleic acid. From a therapeutic point of view (effect on colonic (Na++K+)-ATPase and perhaps diarrhoea), the suppression of the production of these prostanoid precursors by drugs may, therefore, be beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Liver transplantation, hepatitis C virus, vanishing bile duct syndrome ; Hepatitis C virus, liver transplantation, vanishing bile duct syndrome ; Vanishing bile duct syndrome, hepatitis C virus, liver transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Irreversible ductopenic rejection (DR) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is a major cause of late hepatic allograft failure. A variety of risk factors for DR have been postulated, but they are controversial. All transplant recipients at our institution with graft survival of more than 1 month (n=120) were examined retrospectively with a view to possible risk factors for DR. These factors included age, sex, underlying liver disease, hepatitis B and C infections, donor-recipient CMV status, post-OLT CMV infections, immunosuppressive regimen, ABO blood type, and HLA class I and class II mismatches. Statistical analysis was performed with the univariate chisquare test or the two-tailed Fischer's exact test. Ten patients (8.3%) developed DR. Seventeen patients had HCV infections after OLT. In this group, the incidence of DR was highest (4 of 17, or 23.5%). This was significantly higher than for all other OLT groups (6 of 103 patients, or 5.8%; P〈0.03). The other factors analyzed did not reach statistical significance, including those that other authors found important for the development of DR. It may well be that hepatitis C infection predisposes one to the development of DR after OLT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 2 (1988), S. 224-226 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Cholelithiasis ; Lithotripsy ; Bile acids ; Bile duct
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy has been introduced as a novel nonsurgical therapy for gallstone disease. To substantiate the initial results, more than 400 patients with biliary calculi have been treated. In selected patients with gallbladder stones, complete clearance of all stone fragments can be expected within 1 year in about 80%. In patients with bile-duct stones not amenable to endoscopic measures, sufficient stone fragmentation by extracorporeal shock waves was achieved in about 80%. Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy is a safe and efficient therapy for selected patients with gallbladder calculi. For patients with bile-duct stones not amenable to endoscopic measures it offers a nonsurgical alternative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: CHOLESTENONES ; DIAGNOSTIC MARKER ; BILE ACIDS ; BILE SALTS ; ENTEROHEPATIC CIRCULATION ; DIARRHEA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To evaluate the usefulness of7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (HCO) serumconcentrations as a diagnostic marker of bile acidmalabsorption, we determined the reference range of HCOin 106 normal subjects (age 40.2 ± 16.8 years; 55 women, 51men) and conducted a utility study in 23 patients withchronic diarrhea of unknown origin (age 49.4 ±15.3 years, 13 women, 10 men). The diagnosis of bileacid malabsorption was made on the basis of a decreased retentionof [75Se]homocholyltaurine after oralapplication (75SeHCAT test). HCO (referencerange: 6-48 ng/ml) and the 75SeHCAT testyielded the same results in 19/23 (83%) patients. Bile acid malabsorption wasidentified by an increase of HCO in serum with asensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 79%. Analysis ofHCO in serum may serve as a novel, simple, and sensitive method for the detection of bile acidmalabsorption in patients with chronic diarrhea ofunknown origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: gallstones ; ESWL ; MTBE ; dissolution ; success
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-four patients with symptomatic gallbladder stones (12 radiolucent and 12 calcified) were treated by a combined approach of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and subsequent instillation of methyltert-butyl ether (MTBE). The patients received a mean of 1500±185 shock-wave discharges. The mean instillation time of MTBE was 13±4.2 hr. Treatment was tolerated without major adverse effects. Within a time period of three to five days eight of 12 patients with pure radiolucent stones and four of 12 with calcified stones became stone-free. After a median follow-up of five months (range: one week to 26 months), a total of 11 patients (92%) with radiolucent stones and of eight patients (66%) of those with calcified stones were free of stones, fragments, or debris. These clearence rates appear high when compared with reports on monotherapy with ESWL or MTBE, suggesting a positive effect of a combined approach in selected patients. Two patients exhibited recurrent stones after six and seven months respectively.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: methyltert-butyl ether ; cholelithiasis ; gallstone dissolution ; gallstone recurrence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To determine the rate and characteristics of gallstone recurrence after direct contact dissolution with methyltert-butyl ether, 60 consecutive patients were followed for up to 4.5 years (median 2.2 years) after complete disappearance of all stone residues and debris and cessation of adjuvant bile acid therapy. Initial gallstones had been multiple in all but four patients. Twenty-eight of the 60 patients developed recurrent gallstones. The cumulative risk of gallstone recurrence (actuarial analysis) was 23±6%, 34±7%, 55±8%, and 70±9% at one, two, three, and four years, respectively. The recurrent stones were usually multiple and small (6±4 mm). Gallstone recurrence was associated with recurrent biliary pain in two patients, one of whom developed acute cholecystitis. Recurrent stones were cleared completely by bile acid medication with or without shock-wave lithotripsy in 61±15% of patients at one year (actuarial analysis). In conclusion, gallstone recurrence after successful contact dissolution of multiple stones with methyltert-butyl ether has to be expected in a high percentage of patients. Most patients, however, remain free of biliary pain during long-term follow-up.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: bile acids and salts ; bile formation ; cholestasis ; luminescent proteins ; organic anion transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Sodium-dependent uptake of bile acids from blood is aliver-specific function which is mediated by theNa+-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide(Ntcp). We report the stable expression of aNa+-taurocholate cotransporting green fluorescentfusion protein in the human hepatoblastoma cell lineHepG2, normally lacking Ntcp expression. Ntcp-EGFPassociated green fluorescence colocalized with Ntcpimmunofluorescence in the plasma membrane. Intransfected HepG2 cells, the fusion protein mediatedthe sodium-dependent uptake of the bile acidtaurocholate (Km: 24.6 μmol/l) and of the anionicsteroids estrone-3-sulfate and dehydroepiandrosteronesulfate. We conclude that the Ntcp-EGFP fusion proteinfollows the sorting route of Ntcp, is functionallyidentical to Ntcp and could be used to monitor proteintrafficking in living HepG2 cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A non invasive method for measurement of bile acid kinetics in serum using (24-13C)chenodeoxycholic acid has been developed. After oral administration of 50 mg (24-13C)chenodeoxycholic acid, the exponential decay of the 13C atom percent excess was measured in serum using capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry. This required that isotope ratios were measured with high accuracy and coefficients of variation less than 1% by means of selected ion monitoring and scan averaging. The clinical applicability was tested by repeated determination of pool size, fractional turnover and synthesis rate of chenodeoxycholic acid in one healthy volunteer. This method permitted the determination of pool size, synthesis and conversion of chenodeoxycholic acid into lithocholic acid in man without the use of radioactive tracers and without repeated duodenal intubation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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