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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 593-597 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A device is described for in situ, rotary pin-on-disk wear studies in a commercial scanning Auger microscope. This device is mounted on a single 8-in. vacuum flange and can be installed in place of the normal sample mounting manipulator. The device allows simultaneous measurement of contact resistance and friction coefficient under controlled atmospheric conditions as wear progresses. The surface composition and topography of the wear track are measured without exposure of the surface to contaminating environments or removal of the pin from the wear track. Modifications made to the vacuum system to facilitate atmospheric control are also described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To investigate the effect of the frequency of uterine contractions on fetal cerebral oxygenation, using near infrared spectroscopy.Design An observational study relating changes in the fetal cerebral concentrations of oxyhaemoglobin and deoxyhaemoglobin, measured from the start of one contraction to that of the next, to the time interval between contraction peaks observed by external tocography.Setting A teaching hospital obstetric and neonatal unit.Subjects Ten term fetuses during labour.Results Changes in cerebral oxyhaemoglobin concentration were positively, and in deoxyhaemoglobin negatively, correlated with the time interval between contractions (P 〈 0.001). A mean contraction interval of 2.3 min was found below which the concentration of oxyhaemoglobin usually fell and that of deoxyhaemoglobin rose, indicating a fall in cerebral haemoglobin saturation. Conversely, longer contraction intervals were associated with findings indicative of a rise in cerebral haemoglobin saturation.Conclusion Short contraction intervals (〈 2.3 min) were associated with a decrease, and longer contraction intervals with an increase in fetal cerebral oxygen saturation. Contractions occurring repeatedly at intervals less than 2.3 min are likely to result in progressive cerebral desaturation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To measure the effect of maternal pushing during the second stage of labour on fetal cerebral oxygenation and blood volume.Design A prospective study comparing changes in the fetal cerebral concentrations of oxy-haemoglobin, deoxyhaemoglobin and cerebral blood volume, before and during maternal pushing in the second stage of labour.Setting Teaching hospital obstetric unit.Subjects Ten term fetuses during labour.Results Following the onset of maternal pushing, mean cerebral deoxyhaemoglobin concentration increased by a mean of 0.79 (SD 0.59) μmol.100 g-1, (P 〈 0.01) without any consistent change in the oxyhaemoglobin concentration. These changes were associated with a significant decrease in the calculated mean cerebral oxygen saturation from a mean of 46.8% (SD 8.6) to 38.1% (SD 5.2) (P 〈 0.01). Pushing was also associated with a significant increase in the mean cerebral blood volume, which rose by a mean of 0.33 ml. 100 g-1 (SD 0.37) (P 〈 0.05).Conclusion Maternal pushing during the second stage of labour leads to a significant decrease in fetal cerebral oxygenation, together with an increase in cerebral blood volume.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To measure the effect of changes in maternal posture on fetal cerebral oxygenation during normal labour.Design A prospective study comparing changes in the fetal cerebral concentrations of oxy-haemoglobin, deoxyhaemoglobin and cerebral blood volume, measured by near infrared spectroscopy, in women with effective epidural analgesia when moved from the left lateral to the supine position during labour.Setting A London teaching hospital obstetric unit.Subjects Fourteen women during uncomplicated labour at term.Results When compared with the left lateral position, the supine position was associated with a significant decrease in the mean concentration of fetal cerebral oxyhaemoglobin of 1.12 (SD 1.0, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.75) μmol. 100 g−1(P 〈 0.01) without any significant change in the mean concentration of deoxyhaemoglobin and cerebral blood volume. These changes were associated with a significant decrease in the mean cerebral oxygen saturation of 8.3 (SD 8.8, 95% CI 1.5 to 15.1)% (P 〈 0.05, n= 9).Conclusion Changes in maternal posture during labour, in women with effective epidural analgesia, are associated with a significant decrease in fetal cerebral oxygenation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To test the hypothesis that late fetal heart rate decelerations are associated with a decrease in cerebral oxygenation.Design Changes in fetal cerebral concentrations of oxyhaemoglobin and deoxyhaemoglobin were measured by near infrared spectroscopy, before, during and after contractions with late fetal heart rate decelerations and compared with changes during contractions with no alteration of heart rate.Setting Teaching hospital obstetric unit.Subjects Ten women in labour at term.Results The changes in fetal cerebral oxyhaemoglobin and deoxyhaemoglobin concentrations that occurred during contractions were quantitatively similar, irrespective of the fetal heart rate changes. However, late fetal heart rate decelerations were associated with a significantly greater fall, after the uterine contraction, in the mean concentration of fetal cerebral oxyhaemoglobin of 0.52μmol/100g (SD 0.25) (P 〈 0.001) and a significantly greater rise in the mean concentration of deoxyhaemoglobin of 0.36 pmol/100 g (SD 0.35) (P 〈 0.01).Conclusion Late fetal heart rate decelerations are associated with a significant decrease in cerebral oxygenation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications 185-189 (1991), S. 991-992 
    ISSN: 0921-4534
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 87 (1983), S. 4378-4387 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 613-615 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the observation of strong luminescence from porous Si grains containing Si nanocrystallites embedded in polymethyl methacrylate disks. In concentrated samples, forward and backscattered photoluminescence spectra were just as strong as in porous Si on Si wafers. This new result indicates that porous Si grains could be embedded in nonconducting polymers and would retain all its inherent characteristics as in porous Si layers on Si wafers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 512-521 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A specially designed ultrahigh vacuum in situ surface analysis and wetting system has been constructed to study the spreading of liquid metal solders on carefully prepared and well-characterized solid substrates. The system consists of a standard ultrahigh vacuum surface analysis chamber linked to a reaction chamber for wetting or other experiments at pressures up to atmospheric. A sophisticated video system allows real-time monitoring of the spreading of the liquid metal through both side and top views. An infrared imaging system allows accurate remote temperature measurements. Sample surfaces are prepared and spreading experiments performed without intermediate exposure of the surfaces to the contaminating atmospheres. Solder spreading is performed under 50 Torr of highly purified helium gas to allow for adequate thermal coupling between the solder and the substrate. Initial studies have been completed for the spreading of pure tin solder on copper substrates in the absence of any fluxing agent. Three types of copper substrate surfaces were investigated in these experiments: the sputter-cleaned, air-exposed, and the as-received surface. Surface chemical analysis by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed the air-exposed surface to consist of about 3 nm of Cu2O, while the as-received surface consisted of about 8 nm of Cu2O. The sputter-cleaned surface contained less than one monolayer (0.3 nm) of Cu2O. Spreading experiments utilizing a linear temperature ramp show that pure tin solder spreads readily on oxidized copper surfaces at elevated temperatures. The initiation temperature for rapid tin spreading on the as-received copper surface was 325 °C. Decreasing the thickness of the oxide on the surface lowered the observed temperature for the initiation of spreading and increased the rate of spreading. On the sputter-cleaned copper surface, rapid solder spreading was observed immediately upon melting of the solder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 27 (1972), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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