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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectral emission diagnostics using oxygen impurities in optically thin plasmas (1992)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 1998-2006 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Emission from oxygen in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectral range from 140 to 260 A(ring) is evaluated as a diagnostic for optically thin plasmas. A one-dimensional Lagrangian, two-fluid hydrodynamic simulation code, which is self-consistently coupled to a comprehensive atomic rate equation model is used for the analysis. This model with the associated atomic rates is described and compared to recent data from laboratory experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860053
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnosing hot electron production by short pulse, high intensity lasers using photonuclear reactions : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 1213-1216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Solid targets irradiated with 1019 W/cm2 or greater of 1 μm light in picosecond pulses are found to be radioactive. The strongest activities observed are the result of photonuclear reactions in which an energetic photon excites the nucleus sufficiently to produce particle emission leaving a radioactive daughter. The photoreaction cross sections are known for a wide range of nuclei and provide a quantitative measure of the photon flux produced in the target. Both the delayed daughter activities and measurements of the prompt particles emitted in the reaction can be used as diagnostics. Examples of these techniques applied in diagnosing experiments at the Nova laser facility adapted to generate petawatt pulses using chirped pulse amplification will be presented. These results will be compared with bremsstrahlung photon spectra calculated using electron spectra measured in a magnetic spectrograph. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149337
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of CR-39 track response to charged particles from NOVA implosions : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 596-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have exposed CR-39 track recording material to a number of NOVA implosions. Radiation from the implosion passed through an array of ranging filters, which aided identification of the incident particles and their energies. The etching procedure was calibrated by including a piece of track exposed to DD protons from a small accelerator. For the same shots, we quantitatively compare the DD neutron yield with the DD proton yield determined from the track. In DT implosions, tracks produced by neutron interactions prevent observation of charged-particle tracks that are produced by the processes of knock on, secondary, or tertiary fusion. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147662
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear diagnostics for petawatt experiments (invited) : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 767-772 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: With the operation of successively more intense and powerful lasers, such as the NOVA petawatt laser with I∼3×1020 W/cm2, several novel (to laser physics) nuclear diagnostics were used to determine the nature of the laser/matter interaction at the target surface. A broad beam of hot electrons, whose centroid varied from shot to shot, width was remarkably constant, and intensity was about 40% of the incident laser energy was observed. New nuclear phenomenon included photonuclear reactions [e.g., (γ,xn)], photofission of 238U and intense beams of ions. Photonuclear reactions were observed and quantified in Cu, Ni, and Au samples, and produced activation products as neutron deficient as 191Au [a (γ,6n) reaction!], requiring gamma rays exceeding 50 MeV in energy. The spectral features of the gamma-ray source have been investigated by comparing activation ratios in Ni and Au samples, and angular distributions of higher energy photons have been measured with activation of spatially distributed Au samples. Extraordinarily intense beams of charged particles (primarily protons) were observed normal to the rear surface of the target and quantified using the charged particle reaction 48Ti(p,n)48V, radiochromic film and CR39 plastic track detectors. Approximately 3×1013 protons, with energies up to 55 MeV were observed in some experiments. Collimation of this beam increases with increasing proton energy. Correlations of activation with laser performance will be discussed. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1319355
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calibration of the MEDUSA neutron spectrometer (abstract) : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 845-845 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The MEDUSA array is a multielement, scintillator-based neutron time-of-flight spectrometer designed primarily to measure primary and secondary neutron production from indirect drive DD and DT capsule implosions at the Omega Laser in Rochester, NY. The array consists of 824 identical scintillator-photomultiplier tube detectors coupled to analog signal discriminators and high resolution, multihit time-to-digital converters, and is located 19.4 m from the center of the Omega target chamber. It is possible to accurately measure the neutron energy spectrum by simply measuring an adequate sample of neutron flight times to the array (the burn time width is negligible). However it is essential to understand the response of the array detectors to the fusion neutrons before an energy spectrum can be deduced from the data. This array response function is generally given in terms of a calibration constant that relates the expected number of detector hits in the array to the number of source neutrons. The calibration constant is a function of the individual detector gains, the thresholds of the discriminators, and the amount of neutron attenuating material between the array and the target. After gain matching the detectors, a calibration constant can be generated by comparing the array response against a known yield of neutrons (this requires dozens of implosions) or from a first principles measurement of the individual detector efficiencies. In this article, we report on the results of both calibrations of the MEDUSA array. In particular, we will focus on the issues and errors associated with the very different measurements required and discuss a new technique being considered for rapid in situ future calibrations. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1323488
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of soft x-ray amplification in neonlike molybdenum (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 5243-5248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin molybdenum coated foils have been irradiated in line focus geometry with from 3 to 8×1014 W cm−2 of 0.53-μm light at the Nova laser. The resulting exploding foil plasma has demonstrated x-ray laser gain at four wavelengths (106.4, 131.0, 132.7, and 139.4 A(ring)), identified as 3s-3p transitions in neonlike Mo. The J=0–1, a 3s–3p transition at 141.6 A(ring) has been identified, but does not show evidence of significant gain in disagreement with the theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338309
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hip implant evaluation in an arthritic animal model (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 109 (1990), S. 194-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Animal studies can provide important information in the evaluation of new techniques and prosthetic designs in orthopedics. As a prerequisite they must parallel as closely as possible the human conditions they are modeling. An arthritic sheep model simulating the human clinical situation has previously been designed and reported by Phillips and Gurr [10]. The present study introduces for the first time an approach that evaluates a prosthetic joint in an arthritic animal hip. Hemiresurfacing following the Tharies technique [1] was carried out unilaterally in 12 Suffolk sheep, and followed up for 2 years. Femoral loosening occurred in three cases. Only one of the 12 cases showed postoperative avascularity of the femoral head. Radiologic follow-up and histologic examination showed features consistently and strikingly similar to those seen in human practice. The sheep hip with simulated arthritis provides a sensitive, clinically reproducible model for the future study of other arthroplasty types and problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00453140
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral responses to food volatiles by two species of stored-product coleoptera,Sitophilus oryzae (curculionidae) andTribolium castaneum (tenebrionidae) (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 723-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Aggregation pheromone ; stored grain ; synergism ; Sitophilus oryzae ; rice weevil ; Tribolium castaneum ; red flour beetle ; bioassay ; sitophinone ; 4,8-dimethyldecanal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the behavioral activity of grain-derived volatiles as attractants and pheromone synergists forSitophilus oryzae, an internal-feeding pest of sound grain, andTribolium castaneum, an external-feeding pest of damaged grains and flour. Behavioral studies with two-choice pitfall bioassays determined that the fresh grain volatiles valeraldehyde, maltol, and vanillin were attractive toS. oryzae at various doses, butT. castaneum were not attracted to any dose of any of these three compounds. When oils from pressed grains were bioassayed, sesame oil was significantly repellent and oat and wheat germ oils were attractive toS. oryzae. However, rice, soybean, oat, wheat germ, and corn oils were all attractive toT. castaneum. A commercial food product composed primarily of soybean oil and wheat germ was highly attractive toT. castaneum, but elicited no response fromS. oryzae. A combination of the three grain volatiles valeraldehyde, maltol, and vanillin with the synthetic pheromone sitophinone was more attractive toS. oryzae than either the pheromone alone or the tripartite grain volatile mix. Similarly, a combination of the commercial food product with the pheromone 4,8-dimethyldecanal was more attractive toT. castaneum than either food alone or pheromone alone. Behavioral responses to grain volatiles may reflect the ecological niche of the granivore:S. oryzae colonizes sound grain and is attracted to volatiles characteristic of fresh grain, whileT. castaneum utilizes damaged or deteriorated grains and responds best to oils characteristic of damaged or fungus-infested grain. Synergism of food odors and pheromones suggests that more effective traps can be devised for management of these pest insects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985004
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