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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: After binding lo the CD4 receptor, the human Immunodeficiency virus I HIV-I)may enter the T cell and induce the formation of multinucleated giant cells (syncytia). As well as the CD4 molecule, other molecules, such as the lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1(LFA-1. CD11a/CD 18) have been shown to be involved in HIV-l-mediated cell fusion.This study was designed to define regions on the human CD1la/CD18 molecule important for the HIV-l-induced syncytium formation A CD11a/CD18 MoAb panel discriminating at least five distinct and spatially distant domains of the LFA-l molecule was used. Comparison of the functional activity of different MoAbs demonstrated that all epitopes of the LFA-1 molecule were not of equal importance m HIV-1-induced syncytium formation between H9.III cells chronically infected with HIV-1 and uninlecledCD4+ Sup T1 cells. We also demonstrated that CD11a/CD18 MoAbs inhibit syncytia formation only at the level of the uninfected Sup T1 cells, suggesting that the LPA-1 molecule expressed on Sup T1 ceils interacts with ligand(s) expressed on the infected H9. III cells. Two potential LFA-1 receptors on the H9.III cells were tested: t he ICAM-1 molecule (intercellular adhesion molecule 1.CD54)and the HIV-1 transmembrance glycoprotein41 (gp4l), A CD54 MoAb (84H10) partially inhibited syncytia formation, thus demonstrating the involvement of the ICAM-1 molecule in the HIV-l-mediated cell fusion. However, the CD11a/CD18 MoAbs do not inhibit binding of the viral envelope glycoprotein gp41 to the cell surface, irrespective of the MoAb concentration used.Although we have not been successful in identifying all candidate fusion receptors for the LFA-1 molecule, these data suggest that some LFA.-1 regions are important for syncytium formation and. therefore, in the cell-to-cell transmission of virus and in the spread of infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 4 (1985), S. 59-61 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Five out of seven American woodchucks inoculated with woodchuck hepatitis virus developed antigenemia after 2 to 13 weeks followed by an antibody response. One animal became a carrier, and another animal exhibited a primary antibody response. Clinical disease was not obvious and aminotransferase elevation could not be demonstrated. Liver biopsy showed mononuclear portal infiltration and little parenchymal cell necrosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Screening durch Anti-HBc-Antikörper-Bestimmung bei schwangeren Trägerinnen des Hepatitis B-Virus (HBV) zur Vorbeugung der perinatalen Übertragung von HBV. Screening auf anti-HBc wurde vorgeschlagen, um die HBV-Träger unter Blutspendern zu ermitteln. Wir haben die Wirkung eines solchen Screenings während der Schwangerschaft untersucht. Unter 4023 schwangeren Frauen, welche aufeinanderfolgend auf anti-HBc getestet wurden, zeigten sich 539 (13,4%) positiv und wurden auf HBsAg und anti-HBs getestet. HBsAg wurde bei 73 (1,81%) und anti-HBc allein bei 66 (1,64%) Frauen nachgewiesen. Unter den 73 HBsAg-positiven Frauen wiesen sieben HBV-DNA im Serum, zwei in der Nabelschnur und drei in der Plazenta auf. Unter den 58 Kindern, die HB-Immunglobulin und HBV-Impfstoff erhalten hatten, war nur bei vier vorübergehend HBsAg nachzuweisen. Von den 66 nur anti-HBc-positiven Frauen wies keine anti-HBc, IgM-Antikörper, HBeAg oder HBV-DNA im Serum, Nabelschnur, Blut oder Plazenta auf, aber fünf dieser Frauen wurden HBsAg-positiv vor, während oder nach der Niederkunft. Drei der von diesen 66 Müttern entbundenen Kinder hatten erhöhte ALT-Werte, zwei HBsAg und eines HBV-DNA ohne HBsAg. Das Screening auf anti-HBc kann zumindest in Gegenden mit geringer HBV-Prävalenz als effizient angesehen werden, da offensichtlich nur bei anti-HBc-positiven Frauen Infektiosität besteht.
    Notes: Summary As anti-HBc screening has been proposed for blood donor testing, we investigated its effectiveness during pregnancy. Among 4,023 successive pregnant women screened for anti-HBc, 539 (13.4%) were positive and further tested for HBsAg and anti-HBs. HBsAg was found in 73 (1.81%) and anti-HBc only was positive in 66 (1.64%). Among the 73 women positive for HBsAg, HBV DNA was found in the serum of seven, the cord blood of two, the placenta of three. Of the 58 infants given HBV immunoglobulins and vaccine, only four had transient HBsAg. None of the 66 women positive for anti-HBc only had anti-HBc IgM, HBeAg, or HBV DNA in serum, cord blood or placenta but five women became HBsAg positive before, at, or after delivery. Among the infants born of these 66 mothers, three had high ALT, two had HBsAg and one HBV DNA without HBsAg. Screening for anti-HBc may be cost effective, at least in low HBV prevalence areas, since there is evidence for infectivity of pregnant women positive for anti-HBc only.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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