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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dilatometric study of deformation induced volume increase and recovery in rigid PVC (1988)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 266 (1988), S. 913-920 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Dilatometry ; volume recovery ; physical aging ; shear deformation ; torsion ; rejuvenation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A new torsion dilatometer is presented which allows simultaneous measurement of shear deformation, twisting moment, volume variation and axial deformation (or normal force). It is intended to be utilized principally for studies of volume changes during torsion and recovery behavior of amorphous polymers in their glassy state. Preliminary results on unplasticized PVC are presented which show rather complex volume changes. With increasing torsional strain, a volume decrease at low strains was found, followed by a volume increase for higher strains. In the latter case, after coming back to zero torsion angle, shear induced relative volume increase and subsequent recovery were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410846
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of deformation on the physical ageing of polycarbonate (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 53-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Physical aging behavior of polycarbonate samples has been studied by dynamic mechanical torsion tests near ambient temperature in the range of 0.01 to 100 rad/s. Aging effects have been measured either after heating above Tg and quenching, or after cold drawing at ambient temperature, or after a combination of both. On the quenched samples our results are consistent with findings of S{uptruik} (1) obtained by creep tests, i.e. an aging rate, μ,, of about 1. On the other hand, on the cold drawn samples μ was found to be about 2.3 when determined from storage modulus data, and about 1.5 from loss modulus, indicating an acceleration effect on the molecular mobility in PC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254915
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complex elastic modulus and orientation mechanisms of a triblock copolymer (1980)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 258 (1980), S. 802-806 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden verschiedene Versuchsbedingungen untersucht, die zur übermolekularen Orientierung in einem Dreiblockcopolymeren mit Zylinderstruktur führen. Wenn das Polymer oberhalb der Glastemperatur der beiden Blöcke einer einfachen Scherung ausgesetzt wird, richten sich die Zylinder parallel aus, wenn die Schergeschwindigkeit unter einer gewissen Grenze bleibt. Bei einer bestimmten Schergeschwindigkeit wird die Zylinderstruktur zerstört. Die Analyse des viskoelastischen Verhaltens zeigt bei dieser Schergeschwindigkeit ebenfalls eine Besonderheit.
    Notes: Summary In this study we have investigated some sets of experimental conditions leading to supramolecular orientation in a triblock copolymer with cylindrical structure. The shear modulus and viscosity of the polymer of the matrix are higher than those of the polymer of the cylinders. The orientation is obtained by means of a steady simple shear strain applied to the sample at a temperature above the glass transition temperatures of the two phases. It was found that the dynamic viscoelastic properties of the material show a singular point at a particular frequency corresponding to the shear rate in steady flow leading to the destruction of the orientation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01566234
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Form birefringence dispersion of an oriented poly(styrene-b-isoprene) triblock copolymer (SIS) with cylindrical texture (1981)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 259 (1981), S. 435-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Birefringence ; block copolymers ; supramolecular orientation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe der Wienerschen Theorie wird die Dispersion der Formdoppelbrechung eines orientierten Block-Copolymeren aus den Dispersionen der Brechungsindizes der Polymeren berechnet, die den aggregatbildenden Blöcken entsprechen. Die fast perfekte Übereinstimmung der gemessenen mit der berechneten Dispersion weist darauf hin, daß eine molekulare Orientierung innerhalb der Aggregate fast vollständig fehlt. Die Stärke der Dispersion der Doppelbrechung führt zu einer Änderung der normalen Interferenzfarbenfolge in weißem Licht. Dies kann zu Meßfehlern führen, wenn ein Berek-Kompensator zur Bestimmung der Größe der Doppelbrechung benutzt wird.
    Notes: Summary We applied Wiener's theory to calculate form birefringence dispersion of an oriented block copolymer from dispersion formulas of refractive indices of bulk polymers corresponding to the blocks forming the microdomains. The nearly perfect concordance of the measured birefringence dispersion with the calculated one seems to indicate an almost complete lack of molecular orientation inside microdomains. The importance of birefringence dispersion involves modification of interference spectrum in white light. This phenomenon may induce errors when ultilizing a Berek compensator for birefringence measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01524880
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of deformation on physical aging of polycarbonate (1986)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 16 (1986), S. 381-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Volume recovery of polycarbonate samples has been investigated by dilatometric and density measurements near ambient temperature. The volume changes with time have been measured either after heating above Tg and quenching, or after cold drawing at ambient temperature. Cold drawing drastically increases the volume recovery rate of polycarbonate, as compared with the rate observed after quenching. This is quite similar to the behavior previously reported on physical aging measured by dynamic mechanical tests (1). The observed decrease of specific volume after cold drawing can be explained by a densification effect due to molecular orientation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255013
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The limits of the use of the ultra high speed Cranz-Schardin camera, direct shadow visualization of a fracture (1975)
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 11 (1975), S. 1003-1009 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On expose les limites d'utilisation de la caméra ultrarapide du type Cranz-Schardin lors de la visualisation d'une fracture catastrophique dans les matériaux à forte constante élasto-optique. En particulier, on montre qu'il existe une distance maximale permise entre l'échantillon et le plan d'observation si l'on veut utiliser les théories élastiques et élastoplastiques relatives à la fracture. On en déduit une méthode ombroscopique qui superpose les images successives de la fracture sur une plaque photographique située très de l'échantillon. On montre que les résultats permettent une exploitation quantitative précise tant du point de vue de la cinétique que de celui de l'énergie de la fracture.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Grenzen für die Anwendbarkeit der Hochfrequenzkamera vom Typ Cranz-Schardin zur Sichtbarmachung von katastrophalen Brüchen in Materialien mit hohen elasto-optischen Konstanten werden dargelegt. Insbesondere wird gezeigt, daß es eine maximal zulässige Entfernung zwischen Platte und Beobachtungsebene gibt, wenn man die elastischen und elastisch-plastischen Bruchtheorien anwenden will. Daraus leitet man eine schattenoptische Methode ab, bei der die aufeinanderfolgenden Stadien des Bruches auf einem in unmittelbarer Nähe der Platte befindlichen Film übereinander abgebildet werden. Es wird gezeigt, daß die Ergebnisse eine genaue quantitative Bestimmung sowohl der Bruchfortplanzungsgeschwindigkeit als auch der Bruchenergie erlauben.
    Notes: Abstract This paper shows the limits in using the Cranz-Schardin high speed camera for photographing catastrophic fracture in materials with strong photoelastic constants. There is a maximum permissible distance between the sample and the observation plane if one wishes to use the elastic and elastic-plastic fracture theories. We develop a shadow method in which successive pictures of the fracture are superimposed on a photographic plate set near the sample. The results allow an accurate quantitative measurement of either the fracture propagation or the energy of fracture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033846
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The limits of the use of the ultra high speed Cranz-Schardin camera, direct shadow visualization of a fracture (1984)
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 26 (1984), S. 387-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On expose les limites d'utilisation de la caméra ultrarapide du type Cranz Schardin lors de la visualisation d'une fracture catastrophique dans les matériaux n forte constante élasto-optique. En particulier. on montre qu'il existe une distance maximale permise entre l'échantillon et le plan d observation si l'on veut elises les théories clastiques et élastoplastiques relatives à la fracture. On en déduit une méthode ombroscopique qui superpose les images successives de la fracture sur une plaque pltotographique située très prés de l'échantillon. On montre que les résultats permettent une exploitation quantitative précise tant du point de vue de la cinétique que de celui de l'énergie de la fracture.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Grenzen für die Anwendbarkeit der Hochfrequenzkamera vom Typ Cranz-Schardin zur Sichtbarmachung von katastrophalen Brüchen in Materialien mit hohen elasto-optischen Konstanten werden dargelegt. Insbesondere wird gezeigt, da▪ es eine maximal zulässige Entfernung zwischen Platte und Beobachtungsebene gibt, wenn man die elastischen und elastisch-plastischen Bruchtheorien anwenden will. Daraus leitet man eine schattenoptische Methode ab, bei der die aufeinanderfolgenden Stadien des Bruches auf einem in unmittelbarer Nähe der Platte befindlichen Film übereinander abgebildet werden. Es wird gezeigt. da▪ die Ergebnisse eine genaue quantitative Bestimmung sowohl der Bruchfortplanzungsgeschwindigkeit als auch der Bruchenergie erlauben.
    Notes: Abstract This paper shows the limits in using the Cranz-Schardin high speed camera for photographing catastrophic fracture in materials with strong photoelastic constants. There is a maximum permissible distance between the sample and the observation plane if one wishes to use the elastic and elastic-plastic fracture theories. We develop a shadow method in which successive pictures of the fracture are superimposed on a photographic plate set near the sample. The results allow an accurate quantitative measurement of either the fracture prppagation or the energy of fracture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00962973
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal relaxation in extrusion-oriented polyethylene rods (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 1201-1208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: To study how the properties of extruded medium-density polyethylene products are influenced by the microstructure, rodlike samples, whose morphology can be changed under appropriate processing conditions, were produced by extrusion. A special extrusion line was developed consisting of an extruder equipped with a cylindrical die, thermal separator, lubrication unit, and cooling die. A wide range of representative morphologies was achieved using various temperatures of polymer melt and of the cooling die (calibration unit). A significant structural gradient, determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), was found in all extruded rods, depending on the thermal conditions. The molecular orientation through the section of the rods, resulting from the shear during the extrusion, was determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and by thermal relaxation, showing good agreement between both methods. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental determination of the evolution of internal stresses in a composite material: Case of a circular bilayered laminate glass-resin (1988)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 9 (1988), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A nondestructive method is proposed to analyze the internal stresses of a circular bilayered laminate glassresin. It is based on the measurement by optical interferometry of small deformations of the laminate under the influence of temperature, time, or applied mechanical stresses of known value. For example, the stress induced by the curing of the thermosetting resin layer is determined and the postcuring relaxation of the stress is measured. Other possibilities or improvements of the method are indicated: The determination of the Young's modulus of the thermosetting resin as a function of time, the determination of the work-hardening rate, and the determination of the ultimate properties of the laminate are just a few of them.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750090205
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