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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DEVELOPMENTAL PLASTICITY OF CENTRAL SEROTONIN NEURONS AFTER 5,7-DIHYDROXYTRYPTAMINE TREATMENT (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 305 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1978.tb31532.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different aetiologies of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in obese and non-obese subjects (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 483-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; glucose ; obesity ; glucose disposal ; insulin secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin responses to intravenous glucose infusion and glucose utilization during hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp were determined in a large homogeneous group of 65-year-old male subjects. Twenty-eight had untreated Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and the remaining 44 control subjects had a normal glucose tolerance. Diabetic patients with abdominal obesity displayed peripheral insulin resistance in combination with defective insulin secretion, whereas non-obese diabetic patients showed only a secretory defect. Thus, Type 2 diabetes in obese and non-obese elderly male subjects may take two forms where the cause of hyperglycaemia differs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403284
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of prazosin is associated with an increase of insulin sensitivity in obese patients with hypertension (1988)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 31 (1988), S. 415-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Glucose tolerance ; hypertension ; insulin sensitivity ; lipids ; prazosin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to determine whether insulin sensitivity measured by the euglycaemic insulin clamp technique is lower in patients with primary hypertension than in matched healthy control subjects, and whether this sensitivity was affected after 12 weeks of antihypertensive treatment with the alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocking drug prazosin. Twelve moderately obese normoglycaemic patients (four men), with hypertension not previously treated with pharmacological agents and diastolic blood pressure above 100 mm Hg, and 12 healthy matched control subjects participated. Supine blood pressure decreased 12/5 mmHg (p〈0.01) and standing blood pressure 14/9 mmHg (p=0.001) during prazosin treatment (mean dosage 5.3±1.6 mg/day (SD)). During euglycaemic insulin clamp studies the control subjects showed a higher mean glucose uptake than the untreated hypertensive patients (7.5±1.0 and 5.8±1.9 mg·kg b.w.−1·min−1, respectively, p〈0.01). During prazosin treatment there was no significant difference between the hypertensive patients and the control subjects in this respect (6.6±2.8 and 7.5±1.0, respectively, p=0.21). During prazosin treatment, however, the disappearance rate of glucose decreased during the intravenous glucose tolerance test (from 1.7±0.9 to 1.3±0.6, p〈0.02) and the area under the glucose concentration-time curve decreased by 38% (from 473±119 to 294±99, p〈0.001). The peak insulin concentration decreased from 55±35 to 46±32 mU/l (p〈0.006) and the area under the insulin concentration-time curve was suppressed by 38% (from 2368±1597 to 1479±940, p〈0.01). This study shows that treatment of moderately obese hypertensive patients with prazosin is associated with an increase of the insulin-mediated glucose disposal and a decrease of the insulin response to an intravenous glucose load.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271585
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defective insulin receptor tyrosine kinase in human skeletal muscle in obesity and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (1987)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 30 (1987), S. 437-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Glucose ; insulin ; receptor ; metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptor was investigated in skeletal muscle biopsies from insulin-resistant males with obesity or with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic males who were lean or overweight. The kinase activity of the receptor from all three groups of insulin-resistant subjects was 40% less when compared to the activity of lean control subjects. This alteration was present in the absence of changes in the level of the insulin receptor on its insulin binding characteristics. We conclude that the tyrosine kinase activity of the skeletal muscle insulin receptor is defective in obesity and Type 2 diabetes, and that this alteration contributes to the insulin-resistant characteristics of both disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292549
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening for insulin receptor gene DNA polymorphisms associated with glucose intolerance in a Scandinavian population (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 265-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; insulin receptors ; restriction fragment length polymorphisms ; linkage disequilibrium ; blood glucose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The significance of insulin receptor gene variants in the aetiology of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus has been investigated by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms in a genetically homogeneous Swedish population. Seven polymorphisms were analysed, spanning functionally important regions of the insulin receptor locus. Four of these polymorphisms were mapped more accurately within the gene compared to previous studies. The genotype distribution was compared in 76 Type 2 diabetic patients and 84 healthy control subjects. No significant differences were found in the distribution of genotypes between diabetic and control subjects at the p〈 0.01 level. In order to study the possible association between quantitative measures of glucose metabolism and these DNA polymorphisms, the fasting glucose and insulin concentrations were compared in the different genotype groups of control subjects and mildly diabetic patients treated with diet. No differences in fasting glucose or insulin concentrations were found at the p〈 0.005 level of significance. In conclusion, no significant associations were found between insulin receptor gene DNA polymorphisms and glucose intolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405086
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterisation of insulin-like growth factor I receptor in skeletal muscles of normal and insulin resistant subjects (1988)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 31 (1988), S. 871-877 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Somatomedin ; insulin ; tyrosine kinase ; diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The insulin-like growth factor I receptor and the activity of its associated tyrosine kinase activity were characterised in wheat germ agglutinin extracts from skeletal muscle biopsies from nine control and ten obese Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects, who had marked peripheral in vivo insulin resistance for glucose disposal and hyperinsulinaemia. In parallel studies, the concentration of the insulin receptor and its tyrosine kinase activity were examined in the biopsy extracts and compared to the findings for the insulin-like growth factor I receptor system. Specific binding sites for insulin-like growth factor I were detected. The receptor binding of insulin-like growth factor I was not changed in the obese diabetic subjects as compared to binding activity in the biopsies from the control subjects. The molecular weight of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor alpha subunit was similar in both groups (135 kDa). The insulin-like growth factor I stimulated tyrosine kinase activity was also similar for the two groups. In contrast, insulin binding activity was 30% less in the receptor extracts from the in vivo insulin resistant group when compared to the control group. Moreover, insulin-stimulated tyrosine kinase activity was reduced in the former group by 40% when the value was corrected for insulin binding. Thus, specific insulin-like growth factor I receptors are present in human skeletal muscle. These receptors are normal in insulin resistant obese Type 2 diabetic subjects. The findings argue that alterations in the insulin receptor number and tyrosine kinase activity of muscle, which may underlie the marked insulin resistance found in obese Type 2 diabetic patients for glucose disposal, are quite specific for the insulin receptor, since the closely related insulin-like growth factor I receptor was not affected in these patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265369
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sympathetic response to euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 873-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Sympathetic nervous system ; catecholamines ; insulin ; blood pressure ; glucose metabolism ; hypertension ; insulin resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sympathetic nervous system activation by insulin has been suggested as a mechanism explaining the association between insulin resistance and hypertension. We further examined the effect of insulin by direct microneurographic muscle and skin nerve sympathetic activity recordings during euglycaemic insulin clamps in healthy subjects. The mean plasma insulin level was elevated from 5.3±0.7 to 92.2±2.2 mU/l in seven subjects during a 90-min one-step clamp. In six other subjects plasma insulin was further raised from 85.7±4.0 mU/l to 747±53 mU/l between 45–90 min (two-step clamp). Four of the latter subjects received a sham clamp with NaCl infusions only on a second recording session. At the low dose of insulin muscle nerve sympathetic activity increased from a resting level of 22.7±5.0 bursts per min to 27.7±5.0 bursts per min at 15 min (p〈0.05). The increases in muscle nerve sympathetic activity were significant (p〈0.001; ANOVA) throughout insulin infusion, with a slight further increase (from 29.2±1.6 to 32.3±1.9 bursts per min) at the supraphysiological insulin concentration. During sham clamps muscle nerve sympathetic activity did not increase. Both insulin clamps induced minor, but significant, increases in forearm venous plasma noradrenaline concentrations. Skin nerve sympathetic activity (n=3) did not change during insulin infusions. Heart rate increased slightly but significantly (p〈0.005), during the insulin clamps. Blood pressure was not notably affected. In conclusion, hyperinsulinaemia was associated with increased vasoconstrictor nerve activity to skeletal muscle and with no change of sympathetic outflow to skin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399935
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of hydrochlorothiazide and captopril on lipoprotein lipid composition in patients with essential hypertension (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 49 (1996), S. 355-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Hydrochlorothiazide ; Captopril ; Hypertension ; lipoprotein composition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Effective antihypertensive agents may differ in their capacity to reduce cardiovascular risk because they induce potentially atherogenic alterations in lipoprotein composition. Patients: To assess this possibility, the effects of five months' treatment with either hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) or the converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (CAPT) on lipoprotein lipid composition were compared in thirty normolipidaemic patients with essential hypertension (EH). Results: The sixteen patients treated with HCTZ showed the expected directional alterations in plasma TG (+31%), HDL2-C (-16%), and CHOL (+7.6%); in contrast TG and CHOL were unchanged after captopril in fourteen patients and their HDL2-C declined (-16%). Neither drug altered lipoprotein core lipid composition, but small increases were observed in the HDL2 sphingomyelin/lecithin ratio after both agents. The plasma free (unesterified) cholesterol (FC) lecithin (L) ratio, a new index of cardiovascular risk, was abnormally increased before treatment and was not altered by either drug. Conclusion: These findings indicate that HCTZ and CAPT treatment have small, but demonstrable effects on lipoprotein surface lipid composition in patients with EH that are confined to the HDL2 subfraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203777
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of hydrochlorothiazide and captopril on lipoprotein lipid composition in patients with essential hypertension (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 49 (1996), S. 355-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Hydrochlorothiazide ; Captopril ; Hypertension; lipoprotein composition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective: Effective antihypertensive agents may differ in their capacity to reduce cardiovascular risk because they induce potentially atherogenic alterations in lipoprotein composition. Patients: To assess this possibility, the effects of five months’ treatment with either hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) or the converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (CAPT) on lipoprotein lipid composition were compared in thirty normolipidaemic patients with essential hypertension (EH). Results: The sixteen patients treated with HCTZ showed the expected directional alterations in plasma TG (+ 31%), HDL2-C (–16%), and CHOL (+ 7.6%); in contrast TG and CHOL were unchanged after captopril in fourteen patients and their HDL2-C declined (–16%). Neither drug altered lipoprotein core lipid composition, but small increases were observed in the HDL2 sphingomyelin/lecithin ratio after both agents. The plasma free (unesterified) cholesterol (FC) lecithin (L) ratio, a new index of cardiovascular risk, was abnormally increased before treatment and was not altered by either drug. Conclusion: These findings indicate that HCTZ and CAPT treatment have small, but demonstrable effects on lipoprotein surface lipid composition in patients with EH that are confined to the HDL2 subfraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050031
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the interplay beween insulin secretion and sensitivity as determinants of glucose tolerance (1994)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 31 (1994), S. 26-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Glucose ; Insulin re ; Insulin resistance ; Diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Both insulin secretion and sensitivity have been claimed to be the main characteristics in the determination of future detoriation in glucose tolerance. In this cross-sectional study insulin secretion and insulin sensiturity were determined in 228 subjects with varying degrees of glucose tolerance. Insulin secretion was measured in an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and insulin sensitivity by the hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp test. Both the early insulin response in the IVGTT (increment) and the glucose disposal rate in the clamp test (M-value) were found to be related hyperbolically to fasting glucose (r=−0.63 and −0.66, respectively; bothP〈0.0001) and in a second-order polynomial manner to the glucose disappearence rate (k-value) in the IVGTT (r=0.53 and 0.48, respectively; bothP〈0.0001). Multiple regression analysis showed the insulin increment in the IVGTT and theM-value in the clamp test to be equally important determinants of glucose tolerance, together explaining about 50% of the variation in fasting glucose and thek-value in the IVGTT. In conclusion, in this cross-sectional study insulin secretion and sensitivity studied over a broad range of glucose tolerance were found to be of amost equal importance in the determination of glucose tolerance. However, low levels of insulin increment in the IVGTT were more often associated with glucose intolerance than was a low insulin sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00580756
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