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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric anesthesia 14 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : General anaesthesia is frequently necessary in infants and small children undergoing cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), because of the imaging techniques, MRI environment and potential need for breath-holding to facilitate imaging. Anaesthetizing paediatric patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) for cardiac MRI poses many challenges for the anaesthetist and this report reviews our experience.Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the anaesthesia and MRI records of all patients who had undergone cardiac MRI between January 2000 and October 2002.Results : A total of 250 children with cardiac disease underwent general anaesthesia for cardiac MRI. ASA classification included class I, 2%; class II; 26%; class III, 60% and class IV, 12%. A total of 168 patients (67%) had undergone previous cardiac surgery, 182 patients (94%) were discharged the same day and 48 patients (19.2%) had cyanotic cardiac defects (SpO2 between 55 and 85%). No scans were interrupted because of low oxygen saturation during breath-hold or haemodynamic instability. No patient was admitted to the hospital from complications related to general anaesthesia, but one inhouse patient from the cardiology ward was admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) after the MRI because of cyanosis and low cardiac output. Seven patients from the CICU were on inotropic infusions when they underwent the MRI procedure and two others needed inotropic support after induction of anaesthesia. Five patients had a brief episode of hypotension during the MRI and responded quickly to interventions.Conclusion : Our experience demonstrates that general anaesthesia for cardiac MRI can be provided safely in infants and small children with CHD, despite the complexity and pathophysiology of many defects, the frequent breath-holding for image acquisitions and the MRI environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 312 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cellulase ; Daucus ; Protoplast ; Tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A procedure is reported for the rapid and highly reproducible isolation of protoplasts from carrot suspension culture. The method utilizes Onozuka R 10 cellulase which has been purified by chromatography on Sephadex G75. Protoplast isolation, using this procedure, is quantitative and complete within 1 to 1.5 h. Intact protoplasts were separated from broken ones and other cellular debris by application of a polyethylene glycol/dextran two-phase system. The protoplasts isolated in this manner lack any detectable cell wall and are greater than 95% viable when assayed using fluorescein diacetate. It is concluded that such protoplasts are highly suitable for biochemical studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 147 (1980), S. 500-506 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cell shape ; Colchicine ; Daucus ; Immunofluorescence ; Microtubules ; Protoplasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Indirect immunofluorescence has been used to study the function of cytoplasmic microtubules in controlling the shape of elongated carrot cells in culture. Using a purified wall-degrading preparation, the elongated cells are converted to spherical protoplasts and the transverse hoops of bundled microtubules are disorganised but not depolymerised in the process. Since microtubules remain attached to fragments of protoplast membrane adhering to coverslips and are still seen to be organised laterally in bundles, it would appear that re-orientation of the transverse bundles is due to loss of cell wall and not to the cleavage of microtubule bridges. After 24 h treatment in 10-3 M colchicine, microtubules are depolymerised in elongated cells but, at this time, the cells retain their elongated shape. This suggests that wall which was organised in the presence of transverse microtubule bundles can retain asymmetric shape for short periods in the absence of those tubules. However, after longer periods of time the cells become spherical in colchicine. Neither wall nor tubules therefore exert individual control on continued cellular elongation and so we emphasize the fundamental nature of wall/microtubule interactions in shape control. It is concluded that the observations are best explained by a model in which hooped bundles of microtubules—which are directly or indirectly associated with molecules involved with cellulose biosynthesis at the cell surface—act as an essential template or scaffolding for the orientated deposition of cellulose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The international journal of cardiovascular imaging 16 (2000), S. 169-174 
    ISSN: 1573-0743
    Keywords: blood flow ; congenital heart disease ; magnetic resonance imaging ; pulmonary atresia ; pulmonary stenosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Detailed imaging of pulmonary artery (PA) anatomy and significant aorto-pulmonary collaterals (APCs) is crucial for surgical planning and follow-up in patients with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) and pulmonary stenosis or atresia. Because examination by echocardiography is often technically limited and catheterization is invasive, this study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an alternate non-invasive tool. Thirteen patients (median age 28 years, range: 1–44 years) underwent both cardiac catheterization and MRI within a median of two months (range 0.1–8 months). Diagnoses included tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with pulmonary atresia (n = 8), TOF with pulmonary stenosis (n = 2), single left ventricle with pulmonary stenosis (n = 2), and complex heterotaxy with pulmonary stenosis (n = 1). The MRI sequences used in this study were ECG-gated spin echo and gradient echo sequences acquired in multiple planes. Compared to catheterization, MRI had 100% sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of main PA (n = 6) and branch PA (n = 13) hypoplasia or stenosis, as well as discontinuous (n = 4) or absent (n = 10) branch PAs. There was complete agreement between catheterization and MRI identification of significant APCs (n = 18). Main PA atresia was noted by MRI in four patients but was not definitively seen by catheterization in any. MRI but not catheterization precisely defined the distance between discontinuous PAs and their relationship to other mediastinal structures. In conclusion, cardiac MRI is a reliable non-invasive imaging modality to define PA and APC anatomy in patients with complex pulmonary stenosis or atresia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-0743
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Detailed imaging of pulmonary artery (PA) anatomy and significant aorto-pulmonary collaterals (APCs) is crucial for surgical planning and follow-up in patients with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) and pulmonary stenosis or atresia. Because examination by echocardiography is often technically limited and catheterization is invasive, this study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an alternate non-invasive tool. Thirteen patients (median age 28 years, range: 1–44 years) underwent both cardiac catheterization and MRI within a median of two months (range 0.1–8 months). Diagnoses included tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with pulmonary atresia (n = 8), TOF with pulmonary stenosis (n = 2), single left ventricle with pulmonary stenosis (n = 2), and complex heterotaxy with pulmonary stenosis (n = 1). The MRI sequences used in this study were ECG-gated spin echo and gradient echo sequences acquired in multiple planes. Compared to catheterization, MRI had 100% sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of main PA (n = 6) and branch PA (n = 13) hypoplasia or stenosis, as well as discontinuous (n = 4) or absent (n = 10) branch PAs. There was complete agreement between catheterization and MRI identification of significant APCs (n = 18). Main PA atresia was noted by MRI in four patients but was not definitively seen by catheterization in any. MRI but not catheterization precisely defined the distance between discontinuous PAs and their relationship to other mediastinal structures. In conclusion, cardiac MRI is a reliable non-invasive imaging modality to define PA and APC anatomy in patients with complex pulmonary stenosis or atresia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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