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  • 1
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cerebral vasospasm ; observer variation ; diagnostic accuracy ; Kappa statistics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In clinical practice and in many reported studies about incidences and time courses of vasospasm the angiographic spasms are judged by eye without clear definition of vessel narrowings. To evaluate the reliability of this diagnostic method two experienced neuroradiologists and two experienced neurosurgeons independently in two sessions, examined 30 carotid angiograms performed after an aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. The intra- and inter-observer agreements for the absent/present and localization diagnosis of vasospasm were calculated by means of Kappa statistics. Kappa values for both intra- and inter-observer agreement showed great variability and in general most of the agreements were not much better than chance expected agreement. The diagnostic method of judging angiographic vasospasm by eye without clear-cut definitions of vessels narrowings is unreliable and should not be used in the future, neither in clinical practice nor in research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Recurrent lumbar disc herniation ; MRI ; CT ; myelography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirteen patients with recurrent symptoms after lumbar discectomy were evaluated. All the patients were enrolled in the study on the basis of clinical symptoms and signs only. The patients were examined with MRI, CT, and myelography in order to compare a) the clinical findings with the imaging investigations, b) the predictive value of the different investigations, and c) the clinical and investigative results with the operative findings. All patients were operated upon according to the clinical findings, and the surgical results were used as the final diagnosis. In six patients a new disc herniation was detected. In the remaining cases surgery revealed either scar tissue or nothing to explain the recurrence of the symptoms. The three imaging modalities were analysed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The areas under the ROC curves were 0.68 for MRI, 0.83 for CT, and 0.43 for myelography. The difference in areas between CT and myelography was significant (p〈0.05). The results indicate that CT has the highest predictive value for demonstrating the recurrence of a lumbar disc herniation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0920-9964
    Keywords: (Schizophrenia) ; ANS arousal ; Third ventricle
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Schizophrenia Research 11 (1994), S. 285-290 
    ISSN: 0920-9964
    Keywords: (Schizophrenia) ; Brain Abnormality ; Computerized tomography ; Socioeconomic status
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 13 (1977), S. 25-35 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Myelography ; Contrast media, watersoluble ; Iocarmate meglumine ; Iothalamate meglumine ; Metrizamide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An experimental method for testing contrast media for myelography was developed and used to compare three watersoluble contrast media, iocarmate meglumine, iothalamate meglumine and metrizamide after suboccipital myelography in 120 rabbits. A further 71 rabbits served as controls. Iocarmate and iothalamate caused vigorous convulsions; metrizamide did not. Examination of the CSF revealed an acute pleocytosis after installation of the contrast media and after cisternal puncture with injection of hypertonic saline. Histological examination of the spinal cord, nerve roots and meninges revealed pathological changes in 1 of 32 unoperated controls (3%). Leucocyte infiltrations were found in the meninges, nerve roots and spinal cord of about 20% of the animals after myelography, after cisternal puncture without injection or with injection of hypertonic saline. There were no significant quantitative differences between the experimental groups. Degenerative changes were seen only after myelography. No meningeal fibrosis was demonstrated. An abnormal leucocyte count in the primary CSF influenced the incidence of histological changes, indicating that only rabbits with CSF cell counts within normal limits should be used in future experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 15 (1978), S. 79-84 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cerebral ventriculography ; Iodophendylate and metrizamide ; Electron microscopy ; Ependyma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cerebral ventriculography was performed on adult albino rats to compare the effect of metrizamide and iodophendylate on the ependymal wall. The animals were killed by vascular perfusion 1 month and 4 months after ventriculography. The ependymal layer and the underlying brain tissue were examined with the electron microscope. After the use of metrizamide the tissue appeared completely normal. The use of iodophendylate provoked accumulation of phagocytozing macrophages on the ependymal wall and storage of iodophendylate in the ependyma and underlying brain tissue. These changes were present both 1 and 4 months after ventriculography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les produits de contraste hydrosolubles tels que le sodium méthiodal et le méglumine iothalamate ont été utilisés en myélographie expérimentale sur un total de 76 lapins. L'examen histologique de la moelle épinière, des racines nerveuses et des méninges révéla des modifications chez 36 (47%) animaux le plus souvent sous forme d'infiltration de leucocytes dans les leptoméninges. De plus, on trouva une infiltration cellulaire à la fois de la moelle et des racines nerveuses et, chez quelques animaux, une dégénérescence des cellules nerveuses et une fibrose leptoméningée. La comparaison des deux produits montra qu'il y avait des modifications histologiques chez 27 des 39 lapins traités au sodium méthiodal (69%) et chez 9 des 37 animaux (24%) traités au méglumine iothalamate. Chez un groupe témoin de 52 lapins qui, soit ne furent soumis à aucune opération, soit avaient subi une ponction cisternale seule ou avec injection de sérum physiologique quelques temps avant d'être tués, des modifications histologiques furent observées chez 3 animaux (6%). —A quelques exceptions près, les résultats obtenus lors de cette expérimentation concordent avec les observations rapportées dans la littérature après myélographie au sodium méthiodal. Aucune modification après myélographie au graphie au méglumine iothalamate n'a été décrite précédemment.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Im Tierversuch wurden an Kaninchen die Folgeerscheinungen nach einer experimentellen Myelographie mit Sodium Methiodal (z.B. Abrodil) und mit Meglumin Iothalamat (z.B. Conray 60) untersucht. Die histologischen Untersuchungen zeigten in 69% der Tiere, die Sodium Methiodal erhalten hatten, deutliche Veränderungen in Form von Infiltrationen der Leptomeninx. Auch ließen sich Zellinfiltrationen am Rückenmark und an den Nervenwurzeln nachweisen. Ähnliche Veränderungen fanden sich in 24% der Fälle bei den Tieren, denen Meglumin Iothalamat injiziert worden war.
    Notes: Summary The water soluble contrast media sodium methiodal and meglumine iothalamate have been used in experimental myelography on a total of 76 rabbits. Histological examination of the spinal cord, nerve roots and meninges revealed changes in 36 (47%) of the animals, most commonly in the form of infiltration of the leptomeninges with leucocytes. In addition there was cell infiltration in both cord and nerve roots, and in a few animals nerve cell degeneration and leptomeningeal fibrosis. — Comparison of the two media revealed that there were histological changes in 27 of the 39 rabbits that had received sodium methiodal (69%), and in 9 of the 37 animals (24%) that had received meglumine iothalamate. In a control group of 52 rabbits which had either been subjected to no operation, or else to cisternal puncture alone or with the injection of physiological saline some time before they were killed, histological changes were found in 3 (6%). — With a few exceptions the results found in this study are in accordance with the findings reported in the literature following myelography with sodium methiodal. No histological changes following myelography with meglumine iothalamate have been described previously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 13 (1977), S. 195-199 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Meylography ; Watersoluble contrast media ; Cardiovascular reactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Arterial blood pressure and heart rate were recorded for 5 to 7 h during myelography with iothalamate meglumine and metrizamide in 23 rabbits. After 0.6 ml iothalamate meglumine containing 280 mg I/ml a significant decrease in blood pressure and signs of circulatory failure were found. After identical doses of iothalamate meglumine to 0.4 ml containing 140 mg I/ml no significant fall in blood pressure was recorded. A decrease of blood pressure was always accompanied by a decrease of heart rate. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate during experimental myelography are suggested as useful variables in the evaluation and comparison of new contrast media for myelography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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