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  • 1
    ISSN: 1364-6753
    Keywords: Key words Anion exchanger ; Genomic structure ; Paroxysmal dyskinesia ; Polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: ABSTRACT Alterations in ion channel permeability or selectivity have been shown to cause neurological defects in humans. Anion exchanger isoform 3 (AE3) is prominently expressed in the brain and performs an electroneutral exchange of chloride and bicarbonate ions. In order to study the potential role of AE3 in human neurological disease, we characterized AE3 genomic structure and performed mutational analysis on patients with an episodic movement disorder that maps to the same genetic locus. AE3 genomic organization, including the nucleotide sequence of the 5′-untranslated region and intron/exon boundaries, is highly conserved between humans and homologs from mouse and rat. Mutational analysis revealed no disease-causing defect in patients with familial paroxysmal dyskinesia, although several benign polymorphisms were identified. AE3 variation may prove useful for further genetic studies, such as finer resolution mapping. Characterization of genomic structure will facilitate mutational analysis of AE3 in studies of neurological diseases mapped to the same locus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: myotonia ; sodium channel ; mutation ; paramyotonia congenita ; mexiletine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Le paralisi periodiche costituiscono un gruppo di miopatie a carattere autosomico dominante caratterizzate da episodi transitori crampiformi e da ipostenia. La sintomatologia descritta è scatenata solitamente da eccessiva esposizione di alcuni segmenti corporei (solitamente mani, piedi ed orbicolare degli occhi) alle basse temperature (come si verifica nei casi di paramiotonia congenita, PC) oppure da variazioni spontanee o indotte del potassio extracellulare (come si verifica nei casi di paralisi iper-, HYPP o ipokaliemica, HypoPP). È ormai noto che il gene responsabile per le forme di HYPP e di PC è localizzato sul cromosoma 17 e le variazioni fenotipiche correlate indicano che vi sono varianti alleliche di tali disordini. Finora queste forme sono state descritte in numerosi gruppi etnici ma non sono mai state riconosciute in Italia. Descriviamo una mutazione del segmento S4 del canale muscolare umano del sodio in una famiglia italiana con un fenotipo caratteristico per una paramiotonia congenita, a trasmissione autosomica dominante, interessante tutti i membri della famiglia da noi studiata fin dalla giovane età.
    Notes: Abstract The periodic paralyses are a group of autosomal dominant muscle diseases sharing the common feature of episodic stiffness and weakness, usually occurring with muscle cooling (as in the case of paramyotonia congenita, PC pheno-type) or changes in extracellular K+ levels resulting from various precipitating factors (hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, HYPP and hypokalemic periodic paralysis, Hypo PP). It is now known that HYPP maps to chromosome 17q, and that PC and a form of myotonia congenita without periodic paralysis also map to the 17q locus, thus indicating that they derive from allelic variants. So far, these disorders have been described in various ethnic groups but, to our knowledge, have never been reported in Italy. We describe a mutation in an S4 segment of the adult skeletal muscle sodium channel in a clinically-defined Italian family that leads to the paramyotonia congenita (PC) phenotype with dominant autosomal inheritance and temperature-related symptoms (regional weakness following cooling and exercise), present since childhood in all of the affected family members.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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