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  • 1
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Brain neoplasms; magnetic resonance imaging; tomography, X-ray computed; ultrasonics.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary ¶ Purpose. In this prospective study the results of multimodal postoperative neuro-imaging were related to the survival of patients with high grade gliomas.  Methods. All 73 patients included underwent microsurgical tumour resection and had postoperative CT and transcranial sonography (TCS) examinations. In addition, 35 of the 73 patients received an early postoperative MRI. Patients were followed up for at least one year.  Findings. At the end of the 7 year study period 56 patients had died. The median survival time was 371 days. Survival rate was significantly higher in patients with anaplastic astrocytomas and inpatients displaying complete tumour resection on MRI (log-rank-test, p〈0.05) or a small postoperative residual tumour bulk on TCS (log-rank-test, p〈0.05). Cox proportional hazards model identified histological tumour grade, postoperative Karnofsky index, complete resection based on MRI and small postoperative residual tumour mass on TCS as independent predictors of survival.  Interpretation. This study demonstrates that early postoperative neuro-imaging has prognostic implications for the survival of patients with high grade gliomas. According to our results postoperative imaging with MRI and TCS is a valuable prognostic with regard to patient survival and should therefore be implemented in postoperative follow-up. It also helps to evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Clenbuterol ; Amyotrophe Lateralsklerose ; Neuromuskuläre Erkrankungen ; Muskelhypertrophie ; Nervenwachstumsfaktoren ; Key words Clenbuterol ; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Neuromuscular disorders ; Muscle cell hypertrophy ; Nerve growth factor (NGF)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The anabolic effects of clenbuterol have been recognized for a long time. Clenbuterol augments the expression of specific muscle proteins with a differential effect on type I and type II fibres. Furthermore, clenbuterol induces the synthesis of endogenous nerve growth factor (NGF) and may itself be a myotrophic factor released by neuron endings. Side effects inclde tremor and headache and dose dependent abnormalities of labaratory values (hypokalemia, hypoglycemia). After long-term medication increasing fatigue of muscles has been observed. Decreased expression of b2-adrenergic receptors may limit the expected functional improvement. The efficacy of clenbuterol as symptomatic treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has not been proved. Controlled treatment trials are warranted to assess this question.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der positive Effekt von Clenbuterol auf die Muskulatur über eine Zellhypertrophie ist lange bekannt. Möglicherweise besitzt Clenbuterol Eigenschaften eines “nerve-derived myotrophic factor”. Die Expression muskelspezifischer Proteine wird verändert, wobei unterschiedliche Effekte zwischen Typ-I- und Typ-II-Fasern beobachtet werden. Clenbuterol induziert zudem die Synthese von NGF (“nerve growth factor”). Dem positiven trophischen Effekt von Clenbuterol auf die atrophierte Muskulatur stehen potentielle Nebenwirkungen in Form von Tremor und Kopfschmerzen gegenüber. Abhängig von der Dosis können lebensbedrohliche Hypokaliämien und -glykämien auftreten. Nach längerer Anwendung ist eine verstärkte Ermüdbarkeit der Muskulatur zu beobachten. Das zu erwartende Ausmaß der Funktionsverbesserung ist zudem aufgrund einer zunehmend verminderten Expression der b2-Adrenorezeptoren beschränkt. Clenbuterol wurde als mögliche symptomatische Therapie der Amyotrophen Lateralsklerose bisher nicht auf Wirksamkeit überprüft. Ein Effekt auf den neurodegenerativen Zellverlust über eine Stimulation von NGF konnte in keiner Studie belegt werden. Eine endgültige Aussage über die Wirksamkeit bei ALS wird sich erst nach Durchführung einer kontrollierten Therapiestudie machen lassen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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