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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the striatal adenylate cyclase activity following acute and chronic morphine treatment and during withdrawal (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 27 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1976.tb02645.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tolerance to the behavioral and neurochemical effects of haloperidol and morphine in rats chronically treated with morphine or haloperidol (1974)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 282 (1974), S. 155-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Morphine Addiction ; Chronic Haloperidol ; Striatal Dopamine Turnover ; Catakepsy ; Tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The acute administration of morphine sulfate (79 μmoles/kg) or haloperidol (6.65 μmoles/kg) produced catalepsy and concomitant increase in striatal dopamine turnover in rats. The animals made dependent on morphine by 52 morphine injections (maintenance dose of 1056 μmoles/kg/day, given in four daily doses) and then tested during 3 days of withdrawal from morphine, showed tolerance to the cataleptic and the neurochemical effects of morphine as well as those of haloperidol. That tolerance was not seen after 14 days of withdrawal from morphine. The animals chronically treated with haloperidol for 12 days (maintenance dose of 53.2 μmoles/kg/day, given in two daily doses) and then tested 72 h after last haloperidol injection, did not show tolerance to the cataleptic or the neurochemical effect of haloperidol or morphine. These results suggest that dopaminergic systems underlying motor coordination and regulation of the neurotransmitter synthesis are among those susceptible to narcotic action and to the process of tolerance development during aarcotic dependence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499030
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of dopaminergic stimulation or blockade on morphine-withdrawal aggression (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 32 (1973), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: l-Dihydroxyphenylalanine ; dl-Dihydroxyphenylalanine ; d-Amphetamine ; Alpha Methyl-p-Tyrosine ; Haloperidol ; Methadone ; Morphine ; Aggression ; Rearing ; Vocalization ; Biting ; Dopaminergic Neuropathway ; Supersensitivity ; Narcotic Addiction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aggregation during morphine abstinence elicited social aggression (rearing, vocalization, attack-bites) in the morphine dependent rats. Pretreatment with l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (50 mg/kg), dl-dihydroxyphenylalanine (200 mg/ kg), dextro-amphetamine sulfate (2 mg/kg) or apomorphine hydrochloride (1.25 mg/kg) enhanced that aggression severalfold. Alpha methyl-p-tyrosine (200 mg/kg) abolished the morphine withdrawal aggression that was elicited either by mere aggregation or by aggregation combined with amphetamine. However, alpha methyl-p-tyrosine did not block the aggression in apomorphine treated rats. Haloperidol (0.63–2.5 mg/kg) also blocked the aggression due to mere abstinence or abstinence supersensitized by amphetamine. Similarly, methadone hydrochloride (5–20 mg/kg) blocked morphine withdrawal aggression supersensitized by apomorphine. These data are interpreted to suggest dopaminergic basis of morphine withdrawal aggression and a latent supersensitivity of dopaminergic neuropathways during morphine dependence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428682
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphine-withdrawal aggression: Sensitization by amphetamines (1971)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 22 (1971), S. 217-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Amphetamine ; Hydroxyamphetamine ; Methylphenidate ; Aggression ; Addiction ; Morphine ; Dopamine ; Attacks ; Biting ; Animal Vocalization ; Dopamine Receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aggressive behaviors during the withdrawal from morphine sulfate (400 mg/kg/day), were potentiated by methylphenidate or d and l isomers of amphetamine. d-Amphetamine was most active, while hydroxyamphetamine was without any effect. Optimum effect of the drugs depended upon the drug dose and the time of morphine withdrawal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401783
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of apomorphine and nigrostriatal lesions on aggression and striatal dopamine turnover during morphine withdrawal: Evidence for dopaminergic supersensitivity in protracted abstinence (1974)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 34 (1974), S. 37-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Aggression ; Morphine Addiction ; Apomorphine ; Dopamine Receptors ; Receptor Supersensitivity ; Narcotic Abstinence ; Nigrostriatal Lesion ; Medial Forebrain Bundle Lesion ; Protracted Abstinence ; Dopamine Turnover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Reliable aggression was seen in rats which were grouped 30 days after undergoing continuous withdrawal from morphine. This withdrawal aggression, associated with long-lasting effects of morphine dependence, was blocked by morphine or lesions of the nigrostriatal bundle, but not by lesions of the median forebrain bundle. When the nigrostriatal lesioned rats were treated with a small dose of apomorphine, the aggression was reinstated. Apomorphine reduced the turnover of dopamine in the 30-day withdrawn rats at doses which were ineffective in similarly housed non-dependent rats. These results suggest that animals undergoing protracted morphine abstinence show aggression due to a latent dopaminergic supersensitivity, similar to that previously reported during acute narcotic withdrawal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421218
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of hepatic hexobarbital metabolism by dextro amphetamine (1970)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 16 (1970), S. 395-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Amphetamine ; Hexobarbital Metabolism ; Amphetamine-hexobarbital Interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In mice, d-amphetamine injected intraperitoneally (10 mg/kg, 1 hr before sacrifice) decreased in vitro hepatic metabolism of hexobarbital. Since the addition of d-amphetamine to liver homogenates in vitro also inhibited the hexobarbital metabolism, the in vivo effect of amphetamine was not due to its pharmacodynamic action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404850
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced threshold to pain induced aggression specifically related to morphine dependence (1974)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 35 (1974), S. 237-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Morphine ; Phenobarbital ; Ethanol ; Amphetamine ; Aggression ; Rearing ; Biting ; Vocalization ; Paw Shock ; Drug Dependence ; Withdrawal Syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Male rats of Long-Evans strain were chronically administered increasing doses until a maximally tolerated maintenance-dose of morphine (400 mg/ kg/day), phenobarbital (400 mg/kg/day), ethanol (20ml of 50% v/v/day) or amphetamine (16 mg/kg/day) was reached. After several days of maintenance doses, the rats were withdrawn from those drugs. When grouped, morphine-withdrawn rats showed intermittent spontaneous-aggression (rearing, vocalization, attack-bites). Amphetamine (2 mg/kg) treatment potentiated morphine withdrawal aggression. However, animals withdrawn from phenobarbital, ethanol or amphetamine failed to show spontaneous aggression with or without amphetamine. Similarly, shock intensity required to elicit pain-induced aggression was significantly decreased in morphine-withdrawn rats but not in rats withdrawn from phenobarbital, ethanol or amphetamine. These results suggest that the aggression seen during abstinence is caused by specific changes in the central nervous system uniquely produced by the chronic administration of narcotic drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00437752
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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