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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 2134-2136 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using of W-plug vias in AlCu interconnects is known to significantly degrade electromigration (EM) performance because W is a diffusion barrier and prevents the depleting species by EM from being replenished at the via. In the present study, we demonstrate that this problem of limited source for EM migrating species can be dramatically alleviated in a multilayered metallization of TiN/AlCu/TiN using Al-plug vias. EM lifetime improvements as large as by an order of magnitude are accomplished by reducing the flux divergence at the Al-plug via. This flux divergence is critically determined by the effective thickness of some transition metal films at the via, which include a Ti/TiN stack for the via barrier and a TiN layer of antireflection coating for the bottom level metal lead. Scanning electron microscopy failure analysis also verifies that the samples with W-plug vias have the void damages consistently located at the via. For the samples with Al-plug vias and with the flux divergence at the via being largely reduced, the void failures locate on the metal lead and no visible damage at or within the via, indicating the reduced flux divergence at the via has become smaller than those generated on the metal lead due to microstructural variations. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Radiation Applications & Instrumentation. Part C, 33 (1989), S. 585-597 
    ISSN: 1359-0197
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 353-358 (Sept. 2007), p. 1451-1454 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The C/C composite was rapidly fabricated by Multi-factor coupling fields CVI in ahome-made reactor with propylene as carbon source and carbon felt as porous preform. The effectof the temperature and pressure on microstructure and properties of the C/C composites wasinvestigated. Microstructure and morphology of the C/C composites were characterized with opticalmicroscopy, SEM, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. The results show the C/C composite has roughlaminar pyrolytic carbon and higher density at conditions of 650°C and 12kPa in 12h. The observedregenerative cones were formed by amplified layers on defects. A new type of pyrocarbon wasobserved with graphitization degree 77.9% and crystallite size 30.5 nm and Optical and SEMmorphologies reveal its peculiar structure. It is called “dot structure” pyrocarbon and its formationmechanism is simple proposed
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 164-165 (July 1998), p. 109-112 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 371 (1994), S. 423-426 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The catalytic subunit of the neuronal Cdc2-like kinase has been isolated previously9'11 13. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we have now cloned the p25 regulatory subunit by 3'- and 5'-RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends). The longest PCR fragment isolated did not extend to an ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 149-150 (1995), S. 35-39 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: neuronal cdc2-like kinase ; cdk5 ; regulatory subunit ; neurofilament proteins ; tau ; Alzheimer disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neuronal cdc2-like kinase, nclk, is a heterodimer of cyclin dependent protein kinase 5, cdk5, and a 25 kDa subunit derived from a novel, neuron-specific, 35 kDa protein: p35. The characterization and regulation of nclk will be summarized in this minireview. The activity of nclk appears to be governed by highly complex regulatory mechanisms including protein-protien interaction, protein phosphorylation and isoforms. The histone H1 kinase activity of nclk is absolutely dependent of the interaction between the 25 kDa subunit and the catalytic subunit, cdk5. In addition, nclk interacts with other cellular proteins to form macromolecular complexes. The kinase activity of nclk is inhibitedin vitro by the phosphorylation reactions of a weel-like protein tyrosine kinase and a protein serine/threonine kinase from bovine thymus. Northern blot analysis has revealed the existence of two populations of p35 mRNA of 2 and 4 kb. A novel cDNA encoding a p35 homologous protein has been obtained from a human hippocampus library.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 1987-1994 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: toughening ; impact strength ; blend ; nylon 6 ; core-shell impact modifier ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Super-tough nylon 6 was prepared by using maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene-octene rubber/semicrystalline polyolefin blend (TPEg) as an impact modifier. The morphology, dynamic mechanical behavior, mechanical properties, and toughening mechanism were studied. Results indicate that TPEg with a semicrystalline polyolefin core and a polyethylene-octane rubber shell, possesses not only a better processability of extruding and pelletizing with a lower cost, but also an improved toughening effect in comparison with the maleated pure polyethylene-octene rubber. The shear yielding is the main mechanism of the impact energy dissipation. In addition, the influence of melt viscosity of nylon 6 on toughening effectiveness was also investigated. High melt viscosity of matrix is advantageous to the improvement of notched Izod impact strength. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 1987-1994, 1998
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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