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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Inflammation research 8 (1978), S. 381-381 
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusion These studies on isolated intact mast cell granules, indicate that changes in the concentration of the divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+)alone cannot explain the membrane fusions and histamine release during sequential exocytosis in mast cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 178 (1956), S. 1398-1398 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The histochemical localization of acetylcholin-esterase was studied on the motor end-plates of the guinea pig?s intercostal muscle. Polyethylene glycol embedding was performed by the method of Miles and Linder1, and the Koelle acetylthiocholine iodide method modified by Gerebtzoff2 was used to ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Food vacuole-free P. multimicronucleatum and T. pyriformis readily ingest non-nutritive Dow polystyrene latex particles (PLP) and form vacuoles containing PLP at a rate comparable to the formation of vacuoles containing bacteria. The particles aggregate within the vacuoles and are egested as balls of the size of the vacuoles. PLP containing vacuoles rapidly acquire acid phosphatase activity, which is demonstrated by histochemical (alpha-naphthyl phosphatehexazonium salt or lead phosphate) methods as a peripheric staining. The total activity of the cell does not significantly change as a consequence of PLP uptake as suggested by the histochemical preparations and confirmed in T. pyriformis by measuring the splitting of p-nitrophenyl phosphate at pH 5. Accordingly, no selection between nutritive and non-nutritive particles could be revealed. The vacuole formation is induced by the mechanical action of the particles. The appearance of acid phosphatase activity in the vacuole seems to be dependent on the vacuole formation and not on its content. This early appearance of activity is due to a redistribution of the preexistent activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Reptile ; Photopigments ; MSP ; Immunolabelling ; Vision
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Scanning electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and single cell microspectrophotometry were employed to characterize the photoreceptors and visual pigments in the retina of the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis. The photoreceptor population was found to be comprised entirely of cones, of which four distinct types were identified. About 45.5% of the photoreceptors are double cones consisting of a large principal member joined near the outer segment with a much smaller accessory member. About 40% of the photoreceptors are large single cones, and about 14.5% are small single cones forming two subtypes. The outer segments of the large single cones and both the principal and accessory members of the doubles contain the same visual pigment, one with peak absorbance near 554 nm. The small single cones contain either a visual pigment with peak absorbance near 482 nm or one with peak absorbance near 360 nm. Two classes of small single cones could be distinguished also by immunocytochemistry and scanning electron microscopy. The small single cones with the 360-nm pigment provide the garter snake with selective sensitivity to light in the near ultraviolet region of the spectrum. This ultraviolet sensitivity might be important in localization of pheromone trails.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vitamin A immunoreactive sites were studied in the retina and pincal organ of the frog,Rana esculenta, by the peroxidase antiperoxidase, avidin-biotinperoxidase and immunogold methods. Indark-adapted material, strong immunoreaction was found in the outer and inner segments of the photoreceptor cells of both retina and pineal organ, as well as in the pigment epithelium, retinal Müller cells and pineal ependymal cells. Inlight-adapted retina, cones and green (blue-sensitive) rods were immunopositive. At the electron microscopic level, immunogold particles were found on the membranes of the photoreceptor outer segments as well as on the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Individual retinal photoreceptor cells exhibited strong immunoreaction in the distal portion of the inner segment, the ciliary connecting piece and the electron-dense material covering the outer segment. In the pigment epithelium, the immunolabeling varied in intensity in the basal and apical cytoplasm and phagocytosed outer segments. The immunocytochemical results indicate that retinoids (retinal, retinol and possibly retinoic acid) are present not only in the photoreceptor cells of the retina but also in those of the pineal organ. The light-dependent differences in the immunoreactivity of vitamin A underlines its essential role in the visual cycle of the photopigments. Our results suggest that the pineal ependyma plays a role comparable to that of the Müller cells and pigment epithelium of the retina with regard to the transport and storage of vitamin A. The presence of a retinoid in nuclei, mitochondria and cytoplasmic membranes suggests an additional role of vitamin A in other metabolic processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 108 (1988), S. 41-46 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Olfactory receptor molecules are assumed to be integral membrane proteins which may be visualized on fracture faces of the membrane as intramembrane particles (IMPs). In the present study, the plasma membrane of the receptor dendrites and ciliated epithelial cells in the teleost fish Alburnus alburnus were studied by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The IMP diameters on the membrane P-faces of both receptor dendrites and ciliated epithelial cells ranged from 5 nm to 11 nm. The average IMP densities on membrane fracture faces of the ciliated and microvillous sensory dendrites were 3130±780 for the cilia, 2070±550 for the microvilli, 2390±1190 on the knob regions and 3050±1130/μm on the lateral dendrite membranes. The IMP densities on the P fracture faces of the cilia and knob regions were compared with the densities found on the lateral membranes of each individual dendrite. The ratios ranged from 0.5 to 0.96 in the case of the cilia/lateral membrane and from 0.5 to 0.90 in that of the knob/lateral membrane, indicating that, in contrast to the average densities, it is the lateral membrane which has the higher IMP densities and not the cilia. The great variations in the average IMP densities, as well as the considerable variety of the ratios, may be explained by the maturation and turnover of the olfactory sensory neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 58 (1962), S. 524-545 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Feinstruktur der neurosekretorischen Nervenzellen und der Gliazellen im Cerebralganglion des Regenwurmes (Lumbricus terrstris) wurde untersucht. Die Nervenzellen zeigen verschiedenartige Erscheinungsformen. Einzelne sind mit reifen Neurosekretgranula (Durchmesser von rund 280 mμ) gefüllt („Speicherzellen“). In anderen dominieren leere Vesikel, oder das Ergastoplasma nimmt die ganze Zelle ein. In einzelnen Fällen erweitern sich die Ergastoplasmacysternen sackartig, so daß die Zelle ein vakuolisiertes Aussehen gewinnt. Der für ein Sekret charakteristische Stoff wird zuerst in den flachen Cysternen des Golgi-Apparates und in den Golgi-Vesikeln der entleerten Zellen gefunden. Daraus kann geschlossen werden, daß der Golgi-Apparat in enger Beziehung zur Sekretbildung steht. In einigen Zellen werden reife Sekretgranula im Interzellularraum zwischen den Fortsätzen der Glia- und Nervenzellen beobachtet. Charakteristisch für die Gliazellen sind ein gut entwickelter Golgi-Apparat, Stützfilamente und einzelne Vesikelreihen. Letztere stehen vermutlich mit der Pinocytose und Phagocytose in Zusammenhang. Oft kommen in den Gliazellen — aber in geringer Menge auch in den Nervenzellen — große, dunkle Körper (Durchmesser 0,5–2,5 μ) mit feinkörnigem, homogenem oder lamellärem Inhalt vor. Anscheinend bestehen zwischen diesen Körpern und den Gliamitochondrien Übergangsformen. Erweiterungen des Interzellularraumes an isolierten Abschnitten stehen aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach mit der Entleerung des Sekretes in Verbindung. In ihnen ist ein blasser, fein präzipitierter Stoff zu finden. Die Wand der Kapillaren wkd von einer feinen Basalmembran und einer Myoendothelzellschicht gebildet. Oft sind zwischen benachbarten Endothelzellen und zwischen ihnen und der Basalmembran kleine homogene, dunkle Gebilde mit verwaschenem Umriß zu beobachten, die vielleicht mit der Entleerung der Sekretgranula in die Kapillaren in Zusammenhang stehen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 60 (1963), S. 348-368 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Auge der Weinbergschnecke ist ein mit einer Linse versehenes primitives Blasenauge, dessen Wand hinten von Seh- und Pigmentzellen, vorn von einer einfachen Schicht durchsichtiger Corneazellen gebildet wird. Es wird von einer bindegewebigen Kapsel umgeben, die aus einer Basalmembran und aus Schichten von Bindegewebsfibrillen aufgebaut ist. Das Innere der Augenblase wird durch eine kugelige, homogene, nichtzellig aufgebaute Linse ausgefüllt. Zwischen letzterer und der Augenwand befindet sich eine dünne Schicht von Glaskörper-substanz. Charakteristische Bestandteile der Pigmentzellen sind Pigmentgranula, Tonofilamente und verschieden große Körnchen mittlerer Elektronendichte. Stark osmiophile Gebilde, die aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach dem Ergastoplasma angehören, zeigen sich in vielen Fällen nicht als Körnchen, sondern als fadenartige Elemente. Die Anordnung der letzteren spricht für die Anwesenheit von spiralig verlaufenden Filamenten. Die Sehzellen sind im wesentlichen bipolare Sinneszellen, deren Zellkörper und peripherer Fortsatz in der Retinaschicht liegen, während die zentralen Fortsätze das Auge am hinteren Pol als Sehnerv verlassen. Charakteristische Strukturelemente des Zytoplasmas sind runde Körperchen von gleichem, etwa 700 Å betragendem Durchmesser, die sozusagen das ganze Zytoplasma ausfüllen und in vielen Fällen unter dem Kern einen einzigen großen Biokristall bilden. Die Körperchen können auch im peripheren Fortsatz der Sehzelle gefunden werden. Ihre Natur und eventuelle Rolle werden diskutiert. Im Endteil des peripheren Fortsatzes, dem Sehkolben, befindet sich eine große Anzahl von Mitochondrien und eine recht verwickelte, aus Vacuolen und Tubuli bestehende Grundstruktur. Die freie Oberfläche des Sehkolbens trägt einen hohen Bürstensaum, der aus 350–800 Å dicken und durchschnittlich 8 μ langen Mikrovilli zusammengesetzt ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 63 (1964), S. 618-635 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The visual cell of the leech (Hirudo medicinalis) contains a big vacuole filled with a moderate dense substance (“vitreous body”). The wall of the vacuole consists of a system of microvilli (brush border) merging into the substance of the vitreous body. The cytoplasmic zone underneath the brush border has a special structure consisting of flattened sacs and vesicles giving a radial striation to this cell region. The cytoplasm is filled with a great number of mitochondria and small vesicles. Bundles of fine filaments are striking features of the cytoplasm; in the periphery of the cell they are in close contact with the cell membrane (“half desmosomes”). Elements of the endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes may also be present. The cells regularly contain membrane-bounded inclusions having a dense granular or cristalline content. The visual fibers (processes of the visual cells) show a certain similarity to the unmyelinated nerve fibers of higher animals. They are ensheathed into sheath cells possibly of glial nature. Processes of these cells often surround the visual cells and are sometimes embedded in their cytoplasm. Both visual and sheath cells are covered with a homogeneous basement membrane. The possible role of the structures and the problems of conduction from the brush border onto the cell surface are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In vitro gezüchtete Thymusepithelzellen des jungen Meerschweinchens zeigen ein stark entwickeltes Ergastoplasma, dessen Zisternen eine mäßig elektronenstreuende Substanz enthalten. Die peripheren Zellschichten der Hassallschen Körperchen haben eine normale Struktur. In den mehr zentral gelegenen Zellen erscheinen typische Tonofilamente; der Inhalt der Zisternen des Ergastoplasmas ist vermehrt, so daß sie runde, sackartige Gestalt annehmen. Charakteristisch für diese Zellen sind ferner runde, dunkle Körper, die wahrscheinlich mit Lysosomen identisch sind. Das Material im Zentrum des Hassallschen Körperchens besteht aus degenerierten Zellen; nur die Zellmembranen und Desmosomen bleiben hier längere Zeit erhalten. In diesem Gebiet sind die Zellreste mit zahlreichen feinen Filamenten erfüllt. Die morphologischen Vorgänge im Hassallschen Körperchen werden diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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