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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytokine Gene Expression During Infeetion of Miee Lacking CD4 and/or CD8 with Trypanosoma cruzi (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 41 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The expression of lymphokine genes during infection of virulent (Tulahuén) or mild (CA-I) strains of T. cruzi was studied in mice lacking CD4 and/or CD8 molecules. The increased susceptibility of CD4− and CD4−CD8− mice to infection with CA-I or Tuiahuen was parallelled by diminished IFN-γmRNA levels. Nitric oxide release and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA accumulation by cells from Tulahuen infected CD4− mice was also diminished. CD8− (but not CD4−CD8− mice) showed an increased IL-4 and IL-10mRNA accumulation upon infection with both strains of T. cruzi. A Th2-like’ response (higher IL-4 and IL-10mRNA to IFN-γmRNA ratio), was also observed when cells from non-infected CD8- mice were stimulated with T cell mitogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1995.tb03549.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organ-Specific Regulation of Interferon-γ, Interleukin-2 and Interleukin-2 Receptor during Murine Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 37 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have studied the expression of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) at the mRNA and protein levels in spleen and lymph node cells from Trypanosoma crizi-infected BALB/c mice. At 21 days post infection (dpi) (peak of parasitaemia), spleen cells stimulated with Con A for 16 h showed a reduced IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-2R mRNA production compared with non-infected controls. Lymph node cells obtained at 4, 21 or 60 dpi produced similar amounts of IFN-γ, IL-2 or IL-2R transcripts after mitogen stimulation as uninfected controls.Spleen cells obtained at 21 dpi showed a lower Con A proliferative response and IL-2R expression compared with non-infected controls, while the proliferation and IL-2R expression of lymph node cells at 21 dpi was unaltered. Supernatantsfrom 48 h Con A-stimulated spleen and lymph node cells from mice at 21 dpi had very low levels of IL-2 but contained significantly higher levels of IFN-γ compared with the supernatants of cells from non-infected mice. The latter phenomenon correlates with an accelerated rate of IFN-γ mRNA accumulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1993.tb02572.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Mice Deprived of T-Cell Help (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 36 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The role of CD4+ T lymphocytes in the resistance of BALB/c mice to Trypanosoma cruzi was examined by in vivo depletion using monoclonal anti-CD4 antibodies (MoAbs)〈. When the administration of MoAbs was initiated 2 days before, or 5 to 12 days after the infeetion (dpi) with 50 bloodstream-from trypomastigotes of the Tulahun strain, mice showed an enhanced susceptibility to the parasite. Speeific IgM. but not IgM responses, were inhibited in anti-CD4-treated and infected miceHowever, when anti-CD4 treatment of mice was delayed until the 8th week of infection. neither a reactivation of the infection as determined by mortality or parasitaemia. nor a modulation of the titre of anti- T. cruzi IgG antibodies was detected. Furthermore, mice chronically infeeted with T. cruzi and deprived of CD4 or T cells resisted the challenge with 50,000 trypomastigotes (approximately 1000 LD50)Secondary antibody responses against parasite antigens were inhibited after in vitro depletion of CD4+ cells in chronically infected mice before boosting with T. cruzi antigens. However, recipients of CD4 or T-cell-depleled spleen cells from mice chronieally infected with T. cruzi were protected when challenged with the parasiteThe possibility that the parasite control is maintained by long-lived B cells capable of rapid differentiation into IgG-secreting plasma cells in the absence of T helper cells is discussed considering the present data
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb03098.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interferon-γ Mediates Neuronal Killing of Intracellular Bacteria (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 60 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Neurons can be targets for microbes, which could kill the neurons. Just in reverse, we, in this study, report that bacteria can be killed when entering a neuron. Primary cultures of foetal mouse hippocampal neurons and a neuronal cell line derived from mouse hypothalamus were infected by Listeria monocytogenes. Treatment with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) did not affect bacterial uptake, but resulted in increased killing of intracellular bacteria, whereas the neuronal cell remained intact. The IFN-γ-mediated bacterial killing was mapped to the neuronal cytosol, before listerial actin tail formation. Treatment with IFN-γ induced phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT-1 in neurons and IFN-γ-mediated listerial killing was not observed in STAT-1–/– neurons or neurons treated with IFN regulatory factor-1 antisense oligonucleotides. IFN-γ-treated neuronal cells showed increased levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA, and antisense iNOS oligonucleotides hampered the bacterial killing by neurons upon IFN-γ treatment. This novel neuronal function – i.e., that of a microbe killer – could play a crucial role in the control of infections in the immuno-privileged nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01500.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A radiometric assay for diagnosing lytic antibodies in Trypanosoma cruzi infection (1988)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 74 (1988), S. 512-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Infective forms of Trypanosoma cruzi were used to evaluate the complement-mediated lysis (CoML) of the parasites in the presence of anti-T. cruzi sera. Parasites released to the supernatant from infected Vero cell monolayers were used. Cultures of 1–3×106 parasites/ml were incubated for 24 h in the presence of 10 ΜCi/ml of 3H-uridine. Under these conditions 105 parasites used for each determination incorporated about 9600 dpm of the radioactive material. The release of tritium from labelled parasites after incubation with antiserum and complement correlated with the percentage of lysed parasites evaluated by optical microscopy. Normal sera from humans, a guinea pig, a rabbit, and mice were tested as complement sources. Only human sera were suitable for the evaluation of CoML in the presence of antisera, and the levels of lysis attained depended on the serum donor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00531627
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