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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The mononuclear phagocytic system is composed of cells which display a marked immunohistological heterogeneity. In the present study we have investigated the immunohistochemical and enzymatic features of macrophages and accessory cells present in human lymph nodes and spleen and, as control tissues, in thymus, liver, skin and heart. Our investigation has demonstrated that macrophages present in germinal centres display an immunophenotype different from that of macrophages populating T-dependent areas. Furthermore, cells lining lymph node sinuses and splenic sinusoids express endothelial and macrophage markers, and are able to modulate their immunephenotype according to different reactive conditions. These data suggest, on immunohistochemical grounds, that macrophages populating B-and T-dependent areas as well as sinuses of human peripheral lymphoid tissues, may modulate their immunophenotype according to environmental and antigenic influences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 18 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Synaptophysin expression was studied immunohisto-chemically in 109 female and in three male breast carcinomas. Positivity was demonstrated in 10 female and in two male tumours in a high percentage of neoplastic cells. Synaptophysin positive breast carcinomas also expressed other neuroendocrine markers such as chromogranin and neuron-specific enolase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 23 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Expression of adhesion molecules was investigated in six biopsy specimens of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis using immunocytochemistry. Cells with Langerhans' cell histiocytosis morphology were stained for ICAM-1, for the beta-1 integrins alpha-4 (VLA-4) and alpha-5 (VLA-5), and for the beta-2 integrins LFA-1, MAC-1 and p150,95. This pattern of reactivity was different from that of epidermal Langerhans' cells of the normal skin which were not immunostained. A variable number of CD68+ multinucleated giant cells was present in five biopsies. They were less reactive than the cells of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis for alpha-4 (VLA-4) and LFA-1, were positive for MAC-1 and p150,95 and were characterized by prominent expression of the beta-1 integrins alpha-2 (VLA-2), alpha-3 (VLA-3) and of VnR (alpha-v/ beta-3). The repertoire of adhesion molecules expressed by giant cells is indicative of profound cell-matrix interactions, whereas that of Langerhans' histiocytosis cells suggests particularly active cell–cell interactions. Blood vessels of the lesions were stained for beta-1 integrins, for vitronectin receptor and for molecules involved in adhesion and trans-endothelial migration of circulating leukocytes, such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin. Additional findings were the observation of CD1a+ multinucleated giant cells in a single case, suggesting a possible lineage relationship with the histiocytosis cells, and the demonstration of some Ki-67+ Langerhans' cell histiocytosis cells and CD1a+ mitotic figures in four of six cases, indicating local proliferation of Langerhans' histiocytosis cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The inducible adhesion molecules mediate important functions in the lymphoid tissues. We have investigated the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM/CD31), using immunocytochemistry on cryostat sections of five lymph nodes from patients with Castleman's disease of the hyaline- vascular type. All five cases were characterized by marked hyperplasia of follicular dendritic reticulum cells, which were extensively present even in the mantle zone. Hyperplastic follicular dendritic reticulum cells showed marked expression of VCAM-1, and weak expression of ICAM-1. In two cases, several dysplastic giant cells with aberrant, polyploid nuclei showed aberrant expression of ELAM-1, an endothelium-restricted molecule. Dysplastic giant cells were positive with DRC-1 (an antibody to dendritic reticulum cells). VCAM-1 and occasionally ICAM-1, were negative for the endothelial cell markers factor VIII-related antigen and CD31 and were non-proliferating (Ki-67-). Cells positive for ICAM-1 or VCAM-1 were rare in the interfollicular areas. In all cases vascular hyperplasia was prominent, but endothelial cells were poorly activated in terms of expression of inducible adhesion molecules and of HLA-DR antigens. The possibility that dysplastic follicular dendritic reticulum cells have a pathogenetic role in Castleman's disease is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present paper describes the clinical, histological and immunohistochemical features of five cases of ‘organoid’ thymoma. The histological hallmark of this lesion is the prominent and diffuse ‘organoid’ pattern, defined by the presence of several areas of medullary differentiation. These areas, which are strictly reminiscent of the medullary area of the normal thymus, are scattered within a neoplastic tissue resembling the thymus cortex, the overall appearance mimicking that of normal thymus. All cases shared common clinical features: they were non-invasive or minimally invasive tumours arising in young or middle-aged female patients. Although the incidence of ‘organoid’ thymoma is low (5.2% in our series), our morphological, immunohistochemical and clinical data suggest that this peculiar tumour may represent a well-differentiated variant of thymoma, with low-grade aggressiveness and a distinct clinicopathological profile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The epithelial, vascular and lymphoid components present in two cases of adenolymphoma (Warthin's tumour) were characterized by immunohistochemistry on frozen sections. Epithelial cells were positive for cytokeratin and keratin and were in close contact with numerous factor VIII related antigen-positive capillary vessels, running parallel to the epithelial basement membrane. The capillary vessels were in communication with high endothelial post-capillary venules which were often lined by HLA-DR-positive endothelial cells. The lymphoid tissue was organized in B-cell and T-cell areas. The B-cell areas consisted of B4+/To15+ B-lymphocytes admixed with DRC-1–positive follicular dendritic reticulum cells. The T-cell areas were mainly populated by T11+/T3+/T4+ lymphocytes admixed with some S-100+/HLA-DR+ interdigitating reticulum cells. Plasma cells and T8+ lymphocytes were more numerous in the proximity of the epithelium. Leu-M3+/PAM-1+ macrophages were scattered singly in the T-cell areas or were arranged in sinus-like structures around the epithelial cysts. The epithelial basement membrane, the vascular membrane and the fibrillar reticular stroma of the lymphoid tissue were immunoreactive for laminin and type IV collagen. The possibility is discussed that the accumulation of lymphoid tissue in Warthin's tumour is modulated by the epithelial cells, perhaps through their ability to organize a peculiar pattern of vascularization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pairs of monoclonal/polyclonal antibodies directed against interleukin-1 (IL-1) alpha, IL-1 beta and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha were used for immunocytochemical identification of cytokine-containing cells in cryost sections of human fetal thymuses and thymomas. In the fetal thymus immunoreactivity for IL-1 alpha was mainly confined to the medulla and was detected in S-100 positive interdigitating reticulum cells. The pattern of immunoreactivity for IL-1 beta was similar to that for IL-1 alpha, but the number of positive cells was much lower. Cells positive for TNF alpha were extremely rare in the fetal thymus. In 11 thymomas macrophages were constantly present and were regularly distributed throughout the tumour, whereas S-100 positive interdigitating reticulum cells were fewer and were characterized by a zonal distribution. Thymoma-associated macrophages were negative for IL-1 beta and were poorly reactive for IL-1 alpha, only a few positive cells being detected in five of the cases. Some macrophages with immunoreactivity for TNF alpha were detected in seven cases; they formed rosettes with surrounding lymphocytes or were located in a perivascular position. A marked immunoreactivity for TNF alpha was constantly detected in mast cell granules, which were observed in nine thymomas but not in fetal thymus. Positive immunoreactivity of interdigitating reticulum cells for IL-1 alpha was confirmed in five reactive lymph nodes and was also observed in Langerhans' cells in dermatopathic lymphadenitis. Our findings suggest that IL-1 alpha is a crucial molecule for interdigitating reticulum cell and Langerhans' cell function. Furthermore, they indicate that most thymic cortical macrophages and thymoma-associated macrophages are poorly active in the production of IL-1 and TNF alpha.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ten cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, mainly composed of large multilobated cells, have been studied. Our results are consistent with the view that they represent a somewhat heterogeneous group of lymphoid tumours displaying different morphological, clinical and immunophenotypic features. In B-cell type the large multilobated cells were histologically characterized by prominent nucleoli and distinctly basophilic cytoplasm whereas in the T-cell type they had indistinct or small nucleoli and ill-defined weakly eosinophilic cytoplasm. These difterential features between B- and T-cell type were confirmed by electron microscopy. From a clinical standpoint B-cell type was characterized by a constant involvement of lymphoid tissues (lymph nodes and/or Waldeyer's ring); T-cell type showed, on the contrary, a more frequent involvement of extra-lymphoid sites (mainly bone and subcutaneous tissues). Our study provides some morphological features that may be helpful for a correct differential diagnosis in this heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We studied the immunohistochemical expression of inducible adhesion molecules, integrins and extracellular matrix proteins in 10 cases of glioblastoma multiforme in order to investigate their angiogenesis, local invasiveness, poor metastasizing properties and their lack of tumour infiltrating leukocytes. In glioblastomas endothelial proliferations represent the majority of vascular structures; they were positive for endothelial markers (vWF, CD31, VE-cadherin) and negative for macrophage markers (CD68, PAM-1). Immunohistologically, they were subtyped into: 1 solid-glomeruloid ICAM-1, α2β1, α3β1, α5β1 negative; 2 channelled-branching ICAM-1 negative and α2β1, α3β1, α5β1 positive; 3 channelled-telangiectatic ICAM-1, α2β1, α3β1, α5β1 positive. In channelled proliferations, the expression and distribution of tenascin and merosin in the basal membrane was similar to that of normal brain vessels. The expression of all these molecules might indicate different steps of maturation of endothelial proliferations. The majority of endothelial proliferations may be immunohistologically considered as incomplete vascular structures; this might account for the low metastasizing tendency and low recruitment of leukocytes by these tumours. Neoplastic astrocytes were GFAP-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, α2β1, α3β1 and α5β1 immunoreactive and α6β4 negative; this allows them to interact with extracellular matrix proteins and might, in part, explain the tendency of glioblastomas to infiltrate locally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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