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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 112 (1990), S. 333-338 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 52 (1974), S. 1060-1062 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Breast cancer ; leukemia ; reverse transcriptase ; tumor viruses ; Leukämie ; Mammacarcinom ; reverse Transcriptase ; Tumorviren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Arbeitsgruppen um Spiegelman und unserer Laboratorien haben nachgewiesen, daß das Enzym reverse Transcriptase auch extrazellulär bei malignen Erkrankungen aufgefunden werden kann. Ein solches Enzym wurde von Spiegelman aus der Muttermilch, von uns aus dem Plasma von Patientinnen mit Mammacarcinom und leukämischen Erkrankungen isoliert. Das von uns isolierte Enzym wurde zur elektrophoretischen Homogenität angereichert und kann 1) synthetische Templates (Primers) mit der der viralen Transcriptase inhärenten Spezifität ablesen; 2) heteropolymere RNA-Anteile einer einsträngigen Phagen-RNA in eine homologe DNA-Sequenz übersetzen und 3) weist chromatographisch ähnliches Verhalten wie die reverse Transcriptase onkogener RNA-Tumorviren auf. Vorläufige Untersuchungen zum Nachweis eines analogen Enzyms im Plasma bei anderen malignen Erkrankungen haben bisher kein positives Ergebnis gebracht.
    Notes: Summary Work from Spiegelman and from our laboratories documented extracellular occurrence of the enzyme reverse transcriptase in malignant states. This enzyme was shown to be present in particles of human milk by Spiegelman and in patients with breast cancer or leukemias by us. The isolated enzyme was purified to electrophoretic homogenity and 1) Utilizes synthetic template—primers with a specificity like the viral reverse transcriptase. 2) Is capable of copying heteropolymeric regions of natural RNA-template-primer complexes. 3) Shows the chromatographic behaviour of the viral enzyme. These preliminary investigations documented the presence of the above mentioned enzyme only in these two forms of malignancies, while the other patients looked treated for the probably viralrelated enzyme in the plasma were negative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 51 (1973), S. 41-42 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: RNA-dependent DNA polymerase ; RNA-abhängige DNA-Polymerase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch chromatographische Anreicherung auf DEAE- und Phosphocellulose glauben wir Hinweise dafür gefunden zu haben, daß RNA-abhängige DNA-Polymeraseaktivitäten auch in menschlicher Placenta vorkommen könnten.
    Notes: Summary The occurrence of RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase activities in human placenta were demonstrated by a two-step enrichement procedure of the DNA-polymerases by chromatographic separation on DEAE-cellulose and phosphocellulose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Nucleic acids ; Poly A ; Poly U ; Poly I. C. ; Ribonucleinsäuren ; Poly A ; Poly U ; Poly I. C.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Studien der Adenininkorporation in die Ribonucleinsäuren menschlicher Leukocyten nach Zusatz einsträngiger (Polyuridylsäure, Polyadenylsäure) und doppelsträngiger Polynucleotide (Polyinosin, Polycytidylsäure) ergaben eine unterschiedliche Stoffwechselbeeinflussung nach in vitro-Zusatz. Einsträngige Homoribopolynucleotide bewirkten in unserer Versuchsanordnung eine Aktivierung der Nucleinsäureproduktion, namentlich der Transfernucleinsäureanteile. Doppelsträngige Ribonucleotide verursachten dagegen eine Hemmung der Neusynthese von Nucleinsäuren, wobei Transfernucleinsäuren und ribosomale Vorstufen RNA (18 S Anteil) in geringerem Maße produziert wurden. Die Ursachen dieser Veränderungen werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Adenin-C-14 incorporation in the ribonucleic acids of cultured human leukocytes was influenced by single-and double stranded synthetic ribohomopolymers in different ways. The single stranded polymers polyadenylic- and polyuridylic acid revealed slightly increased incorporation rates. The double stranded nucleotide polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid evoked reduced activities of the purified ribonucleic acids. Fractionation on a linear sucrose gradient showed a disproportional decrease of the transfer and 18 S component. The rate of nucleic acid synthesis was significantly lower with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid-treated leukocytes. The results are discussed with respect to a prospective trial for the chemotherapy of leukaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 50 (1972), S. 871-874 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Lymphocytes ; Phytohemagglutinin ; de novo synthesis of Purines ; Adenine Nucleotides ; Lymphocyten ; Phytohämagglutinin ; Purinde novo Synthese ; Adeninnucleotide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Weder in menschlichen noch in Schweine-Lymphocyten ist nachin vitro Inkorporation mit 1-C14-Glycin eine Markierung freier Adeninnucleotide nachzuweisen. Dies läßt den Schluß zu, daß Lymphocyten des zirkulierenden Blutes unter den angegebenen experimentellen Bedingungen nicht oder nur in unzureichendem Maße befähigt sind, Purinnucleotidede novo zu synthetisieren. Werden die Lymphocyten dagegen mit PHA stimuliert, so kommt es zur Induktion derde novo Synthese von Adeninnucleotiden. Kinetische Studien dieses Prozesses lassen erkennen, daß während der ersten 2 Std nach Zugabe des PHA zur Lymphocytenkultur noch kein, in den folgenden Stunden jedoch ein rascher Anstieg der Synthesevorgänge eintritt.
    Notes: Summary In studying the incorporation of the purine precursor glycine-1-C14 into the adenine nucleotides of human and pig lymphocytesin vitro no labelling of adenine nucleotides could be found. It is therefore concluded that mature circulating lymphocytes do not synthesize purinesde novo. However, by stimulating the lymphocytes with PHA, induction of thede novo synthesis of purine bases could be observed. Kinetic studies of this process show thatde novo synthesis is not detectable within the first 2 hours after the addition of PHA to the lymphocyte culture, but that it increases rapidly in the following hours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Gene activation ; leukemia ; phytohaemagglutinin ; transfer ribonucleic acids ; cell permeation ; Genaktivierung ; Leukämie ; Phytohaemagglutinin ; Transfernucleinsäuren ; Zellpermeation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die in dieser Arbeit vorgelegten Ergebnisse liefern Hinweise, die für den Transport von Transfernucleinsäuren durch die Zellmembran in das Zellinnere und für das Vorliegen dieser Verbindungen in undegradierter Form intracellulär sprechen. Diese Aufnahme ist offensichtlich vom Reife- und Differenzierungsgrad von Leukocyten abhängig, da leukämische Zellen oder Blasten höhere Inkorporationsraten aufwiesen, als reife Zellen. Die Ergebnisse werden im Zusammenhang mit der Möglichkeit diskutiert, informationstragende Makromoleküle in funktionell intakte Zellen einzubringen.
    Notes: Summary The results presented in this paper provide evidence in favour of the partially undegraded transport of transfer ribonucleic acids through cell membranes of human leukocytes and of the intracellular integrity of these compounds. The magnitude of the uptake seems to depend on the grade of differentiation of blood cells; in as much as blast cells and leukemic cells appear to take up greater quantities. These results are discussed with respect to the possibility of introducing intact genetic material into living cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 51 (1973), S. 1076-1078 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Breast cancer ; Reverse transcriptase ; RNA-dependent DNA polymerase ; Mammacarcinom ; Reverse Transcriptase ; RNA-abhängige DNA-Polymerase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Plasma einer Patientin mit Mammacarcinom konnte ein Enzym nachgewiesen werden, welches RNA als Template für die DNA-Synthese heranziehen kann. Dieses Enzym steht in Analogie zur reversen Transcriptase onkogener RNA-Viren und dem aus der Muttermilch isolierten Enzym von Spiegelmanet al. Die mögliche diagnostische Anwendbarkeit dieses Befundes wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary In the plasma of a patient with breast cancer, an enzyme was shown that might use natural RNAs as templates for the DNA synthesis. This enzyme is paralleled to the reverse transcriptase of oncogenic RNA viruses and the enzyme of Spiegelmanet al. from particles of human milk. The possible diagnostic implications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 4 (1977), S. 515-522 
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Syngeneic, semiallogeneic, or allogeneic spleen lymphocytes were transferred intonu/nu BALB/c mice, which were infected with vaccinia virus. Specific Sensitization of transferred thymus-derived cells was determined in vivo by mean survival time and virus titer in the spleen six days after infection, and in vitro by cell-mediated cytolysis of vaccinia virus-infected syngeneic target cells. Virus-specific Sensitization took place only after transfer of syngeneic or semiallogeneic spleen lymphocytes; allogeneic lymphocytes had no influence on mean survival time or virus titer and showed no virus-specific cytolytic activity in vitro. Infection of mice with vaccinia virus-strain WR, Elstree, DIs, or DIs-infected syngeneic fibroblasts resulted in the generation of virus-specific effector cells, while injection of a high amount of inactivated virus particles caused no Sensitization. These results suggest H-2 homology for production of virus-specific effector cells. Propagation of virus is not necessary, since early surface antigens, combined with syngeneic H-2 antigens, suffice for Sensitization of cytolytic T lymphocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 14 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The pathogenesis of chronic disabling inflammatory diseases (CDIDs) is partly understood. The presently used concepts focus mainly on abnormalities of the immune system but this view is incomplete. The presented concept is a new framework for the pathogenesis of CDIDs. It integrates evolutionary theories with the classical immunological standpoint, which is further linked with a neuroendocrine immune view of erroneous homeostatic adaptation of the other supersystems (nervous system, endocrine system, reproductive system): 1. In CDIDs, the loss of tolerance against self and harmless foreign antigens leads to continuous immune aggression which is dependent on a multifactorial genetically polymorph background (the initiation). 2. However, advantageous or disadvantageous adaptation to CDIDs were not evolutionary conserved because CDIDs severely impaired reproduction or appeared after the reproductive phase and, thus, imply a strong negative selection pressure. 3. Reactions of all supersystems are evolutionary conserved for transient inflammatory reactions such as the elimination of infectious agents, wound healing, foreign body reaction and many others. 4. The sum of the false reactions of all supersystems – conserved for transient inflammation – provide the pathogenetic background for the chronification of CDIDs because a continuous aggressive situation is created (the chronification). The human disease of rheumatoid arthritis is used as a prototypic CDID to illustrate the integrated view point. The synovial tissue innervation is in the focus of this concept.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    The @Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 49 (1994), S. 39-42 
    ISSN: 0960-0760
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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