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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 19 (1985), S. 101-111 
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Nichtgleichgewichts-Austauschprozesse, die in einem Gas-Partikel-Gemisch hinter einer Stoßwelle ablaufen, werden in dieser Arbeit untersucht. Sie werden sowohl mit den Erhaltungsgleichungen für zwei interaktive Kontinua als auch mit den vereinfachten Gleichungen für Einzelpartikel in einem Gaskontinuum beschrieben. Der besondere Akzent liegt auf den Transportvorgängen sehr kleiner Partikel, die im Übergangsbereich zwischen Kontinuumsbedingungen und freier Molekülströmung stattfinden. Sie werden durch einfache Knudsenzahlansätze berücksichtigt. Beispiele zeigen die Geschwindigkeits-, Temperatur- und Partikelgrößenrelaxation hinter Stoß-wellen in Argon mit DOP-Tröpfchen und mit festen NaCl-Salzpartikeln.
    Notes: Abstract The nonequilibrium transfer processes, which take place in a gas-particle mixture behind shock waves, are investigated in this study. They will be described both by the conservation equations of two interactiv continua and by the simplified equations of a single particle in a gas continuum. The special accent is on exchange processes of very small particles, which take place in the transition regime between continuum and free molecular conditions. They are taken into account by simple Knudsen number corrections. Examples show the velocity, the temperature and the particle size relaxation behind shock waves in argon containing DOP droplets or solid NaCl particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lytic transition of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is initiated by distinct immediate early regulators of the viral cycle, in synchronization to temporary, permissive conditions during host cell differentiation. We developed eukaryotic vectors suitable to imitate the processes involved in lytic transition in cell culture systems. Two stable B cell lines were established: R59Z activator cells were used to induce lytic EBV expression in a constitutive manner by the production of the BZLF 1trans-activator (Zta). R7-57 reporter cells, on the other hand, signaled induced activity of the lytic origin of EBV replication (oriLyt). Different modes, like chemical induction, lytic superinfection with EBV and single genetrans-activation converted the recombinant oriLyt element in R7-57 reporter cells. BZLF 1, transiently expressed in R7-57 reporter cells, was the only EBVtrans-activator found, sufficient in inducing the viral lytic cycle. Basing on these experiments,trans-cellular activation of EBV was tested by cocultivation of BZLF 1-expressing R59Z activator cells with the R7-57 reporter line. No lytic effect on the reporter cells could be measured, neither by cocultivation of activator cells nor by coincubation of BZLF 1-containing cell lysates. Latency breaking activity, however, was transferred from activator to reporter cells when active, exogenous virus was added. The cell system described in these experiments provides a tool for the detection of EBV reactivation and demonstrates the potential of the lytic regulatory gene BZLF 1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 20 (1981), S. 240-246 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Plastics ; nonlinear viscoelasticity ; constant strain rate ; material parameter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A good mathematical representation of the viscoelastic behaviour of plastics under constant strain rate tension is obtained by using a Prony-Dirichlet series. If the dependence of the parameters of the series from the strain rate an the duration of the test is established, then the nonlinear viscoelastic behaviour of the material can be described with a good accuracy in a relatively wide range of strain rates, as shown in some examples.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Für die mathematische Beschreibung des viskoelastischen Verhaltens von Kunststoffen unter Dehnung mit konstanter Dehngeschwindigkeit führt eine Prony-Dirichlet-Reihe zu guten Ergebnissen. Erfaßt man die Abhängigkeit der Parameter dieser Reihe von der Dehngeschwindigkeit bzw. der Versuchsdauer, so kann das nichtlineare viskoelastische Verhalten des Werkstoffes in einer relativ breiten Spanne von Dehngeschwindigkeiten, wie es Beispiele zeigen, mit sehr guter Genauigkeit wiedergegeben werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 20 (1981), S. 548-552 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Plastics ; constant strain rate ; fracture ; yielding ; dissipated strain energy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Fracture or yielding are failure phenomena which, at constant environmental conditions, depend upon the loading history of the considered polymer. Experiments with different constant strain rates have shown that the increase of the strain rate leads to an increase of both strain and stress of the failure point. A comparison of experimental and computational data shows that the hypothesis of constant dissipated energie, which has been applied earlier with success for the crazing of polymers in creep and stress relaxation, is also suitable as a criterion of the failure of polymers under loading with constant strain rates.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Bruch oder das Erreichen der Streckgrenze eines Polymeren ist ein Versagensphänomen, das unter konstanten Umgebungsbedingungen von der Belastungsgeschichte abhängig ist. Versuche mit konstanten Dehngeschwindigkeiten ergeben bei zunehmenden Dehngeschwindigkeiten eine eindeutige Zunahme der dem Versagenspunkt entsprechenden Spannung und Dehnung. Der Vergleich experimenteller und rechnerischer Ergebnisse zeigt, daß die Hypothese der konstanten dissipierten Verformungsenergie, die schon früher erfolgreich für die Rißbildung unter Kriech- und Spannungsrelaxationsbelastung angewendet wurde, auch als Kriterium des Versagens von Polymeren unter Belastung mit konstanten Dehngeschwindigkeiten geeignet ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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