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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. RNA- and protein synthesis were markedly increased in cultures of human lymphocytes after addition of Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), but this increase was less pronounced in a patient with primary agammaglobulinaemia, a chronic lymphatic leukemia and in a terminal stage of a chronic uraemia. 2. The proteins of PHA-stimulated and unstimulated lymphocytes were labelled with14C-phenylalanine. After incubation of the cytolysates with anti-immunglobulin-sera only a very small fraction (〈10%) of the labelled proteins could be precipitated by anti-IgG and Anti-IgM in both stimulated and unstimulated cultures. With anti-IgA and (as a control) anti-transferrin and anti-haptoglobin negative results were obtained. In the patient with primary agammaglobulinaemia the defect in IgG- and IgM-synthesis has also been shown in the invitro system. A protein secretion by the PHA-stimulated lymphocytes was not detectable. 3. After gel-filtration of the labelled proteins on Sephadex-G-200 the results in PHA-stimulated and unstimulated lymphocytes differed only quantitatively. The synthesis of several proteins of quite different molecular size was obvious. Almost a third of the labelled proteins in PHA-stimulated and unstimulated lymphocytes belonged to macromolecular proteins. 4. Cell fractionation experiments showed, that after twelve hours labelling with14C- or3H-phenylalanine the highest specific activity was present in the microsomes and in the cell sap. However the largest part of the total activity incorporated was found in the cell sap. A fairly high activity was also present in the mitochondria and in sediment I. Gel-filtration of the labelled proteins in the different subcellular fractions showed, that a comparable high amount of macromolecular proteins was present in the mitochondrial and microsomal sediment, whereas labelled proteins of lower molecular size prevailed in the cell sap and the histone-extract of the nuclear sediment. 5. The relationship between the protein synthesis of PHA-stimulated lymphocytes and the pyroninophilic cells (as seen in transplantation reaction and in delayed type hypersensitivity) is discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. In der Lymphocytenkultur von Normalpersonen wurde ab dem 2. Tag nach Phytohämagglutininzusatz eine über unstimulierte Lymphocyten deutlich gesteigerte Proteinsynthese gefunden, die mit einem hohen RNS-Umsatz einherging. Diese Steigerung war bei einer primären Hypo-γ-Globulinämie, einer chronischen Lymphadenose und einer fortgeschrittenen Urämie weniger ausgeprägt. 2. Bei Inkubation der markierten Zellproteine mit Anti-Immunglobulinseren ließ sich mit Anti-IgG und Anti-IgM in unstimulierten und PHA-stimulierten Lymphocyten ein sehr geringer Teil der neugebildeten Proteine (〈10%) präcipitieren. Negative Resultate ergaben Anti-IgA sowie (als Kontrollen) Anti-Transferrin-und Anti-Haptoglobinseren. Bei dem Patienten mit primärer Hypo-γ-Globulinämie war auch in der Lymphocytenkultur eine IgG- und IgM-Bildung nicht nachweisbar. Entsprechend den elektronenmikroskopischen Befunden war eine Proteinsekretion durch PHA-stimulierte Lymphocyten nicht feststellbar. 3. Die Fraktionierung der markierten Proteine auf Sephadex G 200 ergab nur quantitativ unterschiedliche Ergebnisse zwischen unstimulierten und stimulierten Lymphocyten. Die Bildung einer größeren Zahl verschieden molekularer Proteine war nachweisbar, der Anteil makromolekularer Proteine betrug bei stimulierten Kulturen 30,0%, bei unstimulierten 27,5%. Eine bevorzugte Bildung von Proteinen der 7S-Klasse war nicht festzustellen. 4. Zellfraktionierungsexperimente zeigten, daß nach 12stündiger Markierung mit14C- oder3H-Phenylalanin die höchste spezifische Aktivität in den Mikrosomen und im löslichen Cytoplasma nachweisbar war. Bezogen auf die Gesamtinkorporation, war jedoch der Großteil der Radioaktivität in das lösliche Cytoplasmaciweiß, in Sediment I und in die Mitochondrienfraktion eingebaut. Sephadexfraktionierung der markierten Proteine in den einzelnen subcellulären Fraktionen zeigte einen vergleichsweise hohen Anteil markierter makromolekularer Proteine in der Mikrosomen-und Mitochondrienfraktion, während im partikelfreien Überstand und im Histonen-Extrakt des Kernsedimentes niedrigermolekulare Proteine überwogen. 5. Parallelen zwischen den pyroninophilen Zellen der Allergie vom verzögerten Typ und PHA-stimulierten Lymphocyten werden im Hinblick auf die Proteinsynthese diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 181 (1991), S. 997-1003 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemical Physics Letters 183 (1991), S. 239-244 
    ISSN: 0009-2614
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemical Physics Letters 152 (1988), S. 119-123 
    ISSN: 0009-2614
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0009-2614
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0009-2614
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Interaction of Li+ with the voltage-dependent Na+ channel has been analyzed in neuroblastoma × glioma hybrid cells. The cells were able to generate action potentials in media containing Li+ instead of Na+. The uptake of Li+ into the hybrid cells was investigated for the pharmacological analysis of Li+ permeation through voltage-dependent Na+ channels. Veratridine and acionitine increased the uptake of Li+ to the same degree (EC50 30 μM). This increase was blocked by tetrodotoxin (IC50 20 nM). Veratridine and aconitine did not act synergistically; however, the veratridine-stimulated influx was further enhanced by the toxin of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus (EC50 0.06 μg/ml). This stimulation was also blocked by tetrodotoxin. Thus, the voltage-dependent Na+ channel of the hybrid cells accepts both Li+ and Na+ in a similar manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of PK11195, a high-affinity peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) ligand, on protein phosphorylation in isolated purified rat brain mitochondria were investigated. The isoquinoline carboxamide ligand of PBR, PK11195, but not the benzodiazepine ligand Ro5–4864, in the nanomolar concentration range strongly increased the phosphorylation of 3.5 and 17 kDa polypeptides. The effect of PK11195 was seen in the presence of elevated Ca2+ levels (3 × 10−7 to 10−6 m), but not at very low Ca2+ levels (10-8 to 3 × 10−8 m). This indicates that PBR involves Ca2+ as a second messenger in the regulation of protein phosphorylation. Staurosporine, an inhibitor of protein kinase activity was able to suppress the PK11195-promoted protein phosphorylation. When the permeability transition pore (PTP) was opened by threshold Ca2+ load, phosphorylation of the 3.5-kDa polypeptide was diminished, but strong phosphorylation of the 43-kDa protein was revealed. The 43-kDa protein appears to be a PTP-specific phosphoprotein. If PTP was opened, PK11195 did not increase the phosphorylation of the 3.5 and 17-kDa proteins but suppressed the phosphorylation of the PTP-specific 43-kDa phosphoprotein. The ability of PK11195 to increase the protein phosphorylation, which was lost under Ca2+-induced PTP opening, was restored again in the presence of calmidazolium, an antagonist of calmodulin and inhibitor of protein phosphatase PP2B. These results show a tight interaction of PBR with the PTP complex in rat brain mitochondria. In conclusion, a novel function of PBR in brain mitochondria has been revealed, and the PBR-mediated protein phosphorylation has to be considered an important element of the PBR-associated signal transducing cascades in mitochondria and cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Recently emerging evidence suggests important roles for inositol polyphosphates and inositol phospholipids in neuronal Ca2+ signalling, membrane vesicle trafficking and cytoskeletal rearrangement. A prerequisite for a detailed physiological characterization of the signalling of both potential second messengers inositol-(1,3,4,5)-tetrakisphosphate (InsP4) and phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdlnsP3) in the nervous system is the precise cellular localization of their receptors. Based on the cDNA sequence of a recently cloned brain-specific receptor with high affinity for both InsP4 and PtdlnsP3 (InsP4–PtdlnsP3R), p42IP4/centaurin-α, we localized the mRNA and the protein in rat brain. In situ hybridization revealed a widespread expression of the InsP4–PtdlnsP3R with prominent labelling in cerebellum, hippocampus, cortex and thalamus, which moreover is developmentally regulated. Using peptide-specific antibodies, the immunoreactivity was localized in the adult brain in the vast majority of neuronal cell types and probably also in some glial cells. Prominent immunoreactivity was found in axonal processes and in cell types characterized by extensive neurites. In the hypothalamus a subpopulation of parvocellular neurons in the peri- and paraventricular nuclei was most heavily labelled. This was confined by strong immunoreactivity in the lamina externa of the median eminence in close proximity to portal plexus blood vessels. Electron microscopy revealed that the InsP4-PtdlnsP3R was frequently associated with presynaptic vesicular structures. Further studies should identify the role of the InsP4-PtdlnsP3R in cellular neural processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Experimental Cell Research 141 (1982), S. 498-503 
    ISSN: 0014-4827
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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