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  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: 2-Alkylidene-1,3-indandiones ; Autoxidation ; 1-Hydroxy-2-vinylinden-3-ones ; Photoenolisation ; 2-Vinyl-1,3-indandion-2-yl radicals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The title compound,1, slowly decomposes in solution by autodixation, especially in daylight. The chemism of this photoinduced autoxidation has been investigated. Upon irradiation1 passes to the brick red isolable dienol2. The quantum yield is 0.3 at 313 nm in methanol. In solution an equilibrium is set up within several minutes between2 and the colorless deconjugated3. Unpolar or moderately polar solvents shift the equilibrium completely to3, whereas in highly polar solvents2 and3 coexist. In the dark the equilibrium1⇄2 (ca. 50∶1 in methanol) is established very slowly.3 upon irradiation reacts further to dimer8. 2 instantaneously reacts with oxygen. With high oxygen concentrations, hydroperoxide9 is formed, with lower ones dehydrodimer10, inter alia.9 and10 may further form12, 14, and15. These reactions, together with ESR spectroscopy, point to a central role of the free radical13 both in the autoxidation and in the reaction10→14. Basic catalysis sets up an equilibrium between1 and its dimer,17. The photoreaction1→2 has been investigated by sensitizing and quenching experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Conformational energy ; Cyclohexanes, 2,x-dialkyl-1-dicyanomethylene ; Malononitriles, dialkylcyclohexylidene ; 1H-N M R
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Knoevenagel condensation of malononitrile withcis- andtrans-2,5-dimethylcyclohexanone (1 c and1 t, respectively) leads to2 c and2 t, respectively, and withtrans-1-decalone to4 t. The equilibria2 c⇌2 t and4 c⇌4 t have been determined as well as, by means of 270-MHz-1H-NMR, the conformations of these four compounds. The dicyanomethylene group is found to induce axial positions of neighbouring alkyl residues on the cyclohexane ring (or when this is impossible, as in the case of4 t, the twist form of the cyclohexane ring). This results in a strong predominance of thecis isomers in the equilibria2 c⇌2 t and4 c⇌4 t whereas thetrans isomers strongly predominate in the equilibria among the starting ketones. This situation allows the optional preparation of2 c or2 t, and of4 c or4 t, from the more stable starting ketone (or ketone mixture). The free conformational energy of the distorted twist form of4 t amounts to 17 kJ/mol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Organic Lewis Acids, 341. Thermal [4π + 2π]-Cycloaddition of Enol Ethers to 1,1-Dicarbonyl Substituted EthenesEnol ethers such as ethyl vinyl ether and 1,1-dimethoxyethene (3f) react thermally, in some instances below 0°C, with cyclic 2-alkylidene-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds such as 1 and 2 to give [4π + 2π]-cycloadducts 4 and 5, respectively (cyclic enol acetals and enol orthoesters), and with 1,1-dicyanoethenes 6 to give [2π + 2π]-cycloadducts 7. On passing from toluene to acetonitrile as the solvent, rates of formation of 4bf from 1b and 3f increase about tenfold and those of 7b from 6b and 3f about sixfold. A discussion of these rates, including rates of related reactions, the relative Lewis acid strengths of 1b and 6b, and the behaviour of 1b/3f towards methanol leads to the conclusion that the degree of concert of the formation of 4bf is below 6.5 kJ · mol-1. - The configurations and conformations of adducts 4 and 5 are discussed.
    Notes: Enolether wie Ethylvinylether und 1,1-Dimethoxyethen (3f) bilden mit exocyclisch 1,1-dicarbonylsubstituierten Ethenen wie 1 und 2 z.T. schon unterhalb von 0°C thermisch die [4π + 2π]-Addukte 4 bzw. 5 (cyclische Enolacetale und Enolorthoester) und mit den 1,1-Dicyanethenen 6 die [2π + 2π]-Addukte 7. Die Bildungsgeschwindigkeit von 4bf aus 1b und 3f steigt auf etwa das Zehnfache und die von 7b aus 6b und 3f auf etwa das Sechsfache beim Übergang von Toluol auf Acetonitril als Lösungsmittel. Eine Diskussion dieser Bildungsgeschwindigkeiten unter Einbeziehung verwandter Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten sowie der relativen Lewis-Säurestärken von 1b und 6b und des Verhaltens des Systems 1b/3f gegenüber Methanol führt zum Schluß, daß der energetische Konzertiertheitsgrad der Bildung von 4bf unter 6.5 kJ · mol-1 liegt. Die Konfigurationen und Konformationen der Addukte 4 und 5 werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1798-1801 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Phytochrom-Modelle, III1). - Die Interkonversionsbarriere der Bilatrien-HelixIn einer 1H-NMR-kinetischen Untersuchung des zentrochiralen Bilatriens 3 wurde eine Interkonversionsbarriere von 42 kJ/mol (205-195 K, statistischer Fehler ± 2 kJ/mol) für die beiden diastereoisomeren Helixkonformationen bestimmt.
    Notes: In a 1H-NMR kinetic study of the centrochiral bilatriene 3, a barrier of 42 kJ/mol (205-195 K, statistical error ± 2 kJ/mol) has been determined for the interconversion of its two diastereoisomeric helical conformations.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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