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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 1 (1962), S. 804-810 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 166 (1950), S. 954-954 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of advanced nursing 20 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2648
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This paper begins by reviewing the small number of studies of staff nurses’ work satisfaction Subsequently, an examination is made of the differences in work satisfaction between staff nurses and other grades of nursing staff in psychogeriatric wards in National Health Service hospitals in Scotland These data are part of a larger study into work satisfaction and the quality of care in these settings Significant differences in satisfaction at work are identified between the staff nurse group and the other grades taken as a whole Analysis of the components of job satisfaction suggests that these differences arise from first, the experience of the work itself, second, the quality of the supervision which takes place, and third, the assessment of hospital policies, such as the transfer of staff to other wards
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of advanced nursing 18 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2648
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This paper discusses the way in which quality of care has been measured and in particular draws attention to the vagueness of concepts such as autonomy, individuality and dignity. In our research we have put forward a number of indicators for the quality of care received by patients and, in addition, we have constructed a method by which they can be measured, through the use of standardized observation schedules. This paper therefore describes our indicators and the data collection process followed. This aspect of our work is part of a larger study into work satisfaction and quality of care in psychogeriatric wards in Scotland. Ultimately, the data will allow us to identify factors affecting high and low levels of job satisfaction as well as factors influencing good and bad quality of care. Further, we will be able to examine any association between work satisfaction and the quality of care delivered to patients. The results of this research are due to be published shortly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Social policy and administration 22 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9515
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Sociology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0144-686X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Medicine , Sociology
    Notes: AbstractThis paper discusses the policy implications for encouraging a high quality of service provision in hospital for elderly people with dementia. Contemporary policy is examined and the continuing need for long-stay beds is highlighted, particularly in Scotland. The measurement of the quality of care in nursing is reviewed and concern is expressed over whether the patients or only the audit score will benefit from any change in practice. Ways of improving both work satisfaction and the quality of care are recommended on the basis of a study of psychogeriatric wards in NHS hospitals in Scotland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 6 (1971), S. 172-178 
    ISSN: 1433-9285
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Bien que la plupart des auteurs, dans ce domaine, soient probablement conscients de la nécessité d'étudier les interactions qui existent entre la position dans la fratrie et les autres facteurs de l'environnement de l'individu, les recherches concernant la relation entre la position dans la fratrie et le développement de la personnalité, ou la psychopathologie, ont tendance à négliger la possibilité que l'expérience des individus occupant une certaine position dans la fratrie peut varier selon le mode de vie du groupe auxquels ils appartiennent. On a entrepris une étude parmi des garçon âgés de 14 à 15 ans, et provenant de milieux sociaux différents, afin de vérifier l'hypothèse selon laquelle la relation entre la position dans la fratrie et le développement de la personnalité varie selon la classe sociale. Les résultats confirment cette hypothèse, des différences apparaissant particulièrement entre les garçons de la classe moyenne et ceux de la classe ouvrière inférieure. Ainsi, les fils uniques de familles de la classe inférieure sont plus anxieux et plus introvertis que leurs camarades puînés; chez les garçons de la classe moyenne, par contre, ce schéma est inversé, les enfants uniques et les aînés étant moins anxieux et plus extravertis que les puînés. De plus, les fils uniques des familles de la classe moyenne sont, de façon significative, moins anxieux que ceux de la classe inférieure, tandis que les puînés de la classe inférieure sont, de façon significative, plus extravertis et moins névrosés que ceux de la classe moyenne. On a examiné les interprétations possible de ces résultats et tenté d'en présenter une explication, en mettant l'accent sur les possibilités d'interaction entre parents et enfants dans les différents groupes; on examine également le genre de carrières qui pourraient convenir aux individus ayant vécu de telles expériences.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Während die meisten Autoren auf diesem Gebiet sich wahrscheinlich der Notwendigkeit einer Untersuchung der Wechselbeziehungen zwischen der Stellung in der Geschwisterreihe und anderen Faktoren in der Umwelt eines Menschen bewußt sind, hat die Forschung über die Beziehung zwischen Geschwisterposition und Persönlichkeitsentwicklung oder Psychopathologie bisher die Möglichkeit ziemlich ignoriert, daß die Erfahrung von Menschen in verschiedenen Geschwisterpositionen in Gruppen mit verschiedenen Lebensstilen variieren kann. An Knaben im Alter zwischen 14 bis 15 Jahren, die aus verschiedenen Sozialschichten kamen, wurde eine Übersichts-studie unternommen, um die Hypothese zu untersuchen, daß die Beziehung zwischen Geschwisterposition und Persönlichkeitsentwicklung mit der Sozialschicht variiert. Die Ergebnisse stützen diese Hypothese, die Unterschiede treten besonders zwischen Knaben der Mittelschicht und der unteren Arbeiterschicht hervor. So sind Einzelsöhne aus Elternhäusern der unteren Arbeiterschicht ängstlicher und introvertierter als ihre nachgeborenen Vergleichspartner, während bei Knaben der Mittelschicht diese Beziehung umgekehrt besteht, wo Einzelkinder und erstgeborene Knaben weniger ängstlich und etwas extravertierter als Nachgeborene sind. Außerdem sind Einzelsöhne aus Familien der Mittelschicht signifikant weniger ängstlich als männliche Einzelkinder der unteren Arbeiterschicht, während Nachgeborene der unteren Arbeiterschicht signifikant extravertierter und weniger neurotisch als Nachgeborene der Mittelschicht sind. Mögliche Interpretationen dieser Ergebnisse werden geprüft, und eine vorsichtige Erklärung wird gegeben, die sich auf die Interaktionsmöglichkeiten zwischen Eltern und Kindern in verschiedenartigen Geschwisterpositionen konzentriert und auf die jeweilige Lebensform, zu der solche Erfahrungen den einzelnen ausrüsten können.
    Notes: Summary While most writers on the subject are probably aware of the need to study interactions between birth order and other factors in the environment of the individual, research on the relationship between birth order and personality development or psychopathology has tended to ignore the possibility that the experience of individuals in particular birth positions may vary in groups with different life-styles. A survey was undertaken among boys aged 14–15, and coming from different social class backgrounds, to test the hypothesis that the relationship between birth order and personality development varies by social class. The results lend support to this hypothesis, with differences emerging particularly between middle-class and lower working-class boys. Thus, only sons from lower working-class homes are more anxious and more introverted than their late-born counterparts, whereas in middle-class boys this pattern is reversed, with only and first-born boys being less anxious and somewhat more extraverted than late-borns. Moreover, only sons of middle-class families are significantly less anxious than only lower working-class boys, while lower working-class late-borns are significantly more extraverted and less neurotic than middle-class late-borns. Possible interpretations of these results are examined and a tentative explanation presented, centering on the possibilities for interaction between parents and children in various birth-order groups, and the kinds of career for which such experiences may fit the individual.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 10 (1975), S. 161-171 
    ISSN: 1433-9285
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A study of the nature and extent of the relationship between life stresses and parasuicides (“attempted suicide”) was carried out in Edinburgh. Subjects were 100 male parasuicides equally divided between young (under 25) and old (over 40) and between manual and non-manual groups. A similar number of individually matched controls were also used. Data was gathered on recent life events, hostility, depression and felt dissatisfaction as well as the demographic variables already mentioned. Results indicated that parasuicides had experienced far more life stresses in the year preceeding their act than had the controls and this held true for both young and old, manual and non-manual groups. Further analysis revealed that unpleasant life changing events occurred with greater frequency among the parasuicides than the controls whereas pleasant events occurred with similar frequency in both groups. Two hypotheses concerning the nature of the relationship between life stress and parasuicide were tested by comparing the groups on the frequency of occurrence of events within and beyond their control. It was found that both types of event were more common in the parasuicide than the control group thus giving support to the hypothesis that a high rate of life stress predisposes a person towards parasuicide. Only in the manual working class group was life stress related to hostility and depression, and it was suggested that this may account for some of the differential parasuicide rates between social classes. The same held true, to a lesser extent of young parasuicides as compared to old and again it was noted that young people have the higher parasuicide rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 142 (1999), S. 369-374 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Clozapine ; Withdrawal ; Dependence ; Temperature ; Atypical antipsychotic ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rationale: In schizophrenics, clozapine has been reported to induce various withdrawal signs and rapid onset relapse to psychosis on cessation of chronic treatment. Objective: The study was designed to develop an animal model of one aspect of clozapine tolerance and withdrawal using core body temperature measures. Methods: Two groups of 15 female Wistar rats were treated chronically (b.i.d.) with clozapine at 6 or 12 mg/kg per injection for 21 days prior to cessation of drug treatment, withdrawal being studied over 4 consecutive days. Body temperatures were assessed daily throughout the study. Results: Acutely, clozapine induced dose-related hypothermia, to which complete tolerance developed in both groups, the development of tolerance being more rapid in the group treated with 6 mg/kg per injection of clozapine. During withdrawal only the group treated chronically with 12 mg/kg per injection of clozapine showed rapid onset significant hyperthermia. This dissipated progressively over days, and was completely absent after 4 days of withdrawal. Conclusions: Clozapine induced a clear somatic withdrawal sign after chronic treatment. It is suggested that, in future research in both humans and animals, it is important to attempt to differentiate between clozapine withdrawal and clozapine withdrawal-induced relapse to psychosis. It is also important to characterise the clozapine withdrawal syndrome fully in animals; to establish the neurochemical mechanisms involved in such withdrawal; and to determine which novel antipsychotics are most efficacious in inducing clozapine-like withdrawal effects, in suppressing clozapine withdrawal, and in preventing relapse to psychosis in patients being transferred from clozapine to novel atypical antipsychotic drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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