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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Notes on the morpho-syntax of the Italian article
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Lingua 23 (1969), S. 135-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0024-3841
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0024-3841(69)90013-8
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  • 2
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    L'indagine archeologica nell'elevato-Palazzo Altemps (Roma) (1989)
    Firenze : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Archeologia medievale. 16 (1989) 289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0390-0592
    Topics: Archaeology , History , Art History
    Notes: "NOTIZIE, SCAVI E LAVORI SUL CAMPO"
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:e315-1989-016-00-000019
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Breath and blood levels of benzene, toluene, cumene and styrene in non-occupational exposure (1989)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 61 (1989), S. 303-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Benzene ; Toluene ; Cumene ; Styrene ; Breath ; Blood
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Benzene, toluene, cumene and styrene were measured in the breath and blood of two groups of individuals. The first group included individuals belonging to a hospital staff, the second group included chemical workers who were not exposed to the abovementioned chemicals. The chemical workers were examined in plant infirmaries on the morning before the start of the workshift, and the hospital staff in the hospital infirmaries. One environmental air sample was taken in the infirmaries for each individual at the moment of the biological samplings. The environmental concentrations of benzene and styrene were significantly higher in the infirmaries of the chemical plant than in the infirmaries of the hospital. On the other hand, the environmental concentrations of toluene and cumene were not significantly different in the plant infirmaries and in the hospital infirmaries. In the hospital staff the alveolar concentrations of benzene, toluene and styrene were significantly lower than those in the chemical workers. In the hospital staff the blood concentrations of benzene, toluene and styrene were not significantly different from those in the chemical workers. Only the blood cumene concentration was significantly higher in the chemical workers. In hospital staff, smokers showed alveolar and blood concentrations of benzene and toluene that were significantly higher than those measured in the non smoker hospital staff. With reference to chemical workers, only alveolar benzene concentration was significantly higher in smokers than in non smokers. A significant blood benzene difference was found between the non smoker hospital staff and the non smoker chemical workers. A correlation between alveolar and environmental concentrations was found for benzene, toluene and cumene, but not for styrene. In the two groups of individuals, correlations between blood and alveolar concentrations of the four compounds were also studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409385
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reference values for blood benzene in the occupationally unexposed general population (1992)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 64 (1992), S. 179-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Blood benzene concentration ; Reference value ; Smoking ; Occupation ; Residence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Blood benzene was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in 431 “normal” subjects, subdivided into 155 rural subjects and 276 urban subjects. Blood benzene (mean value 262 ng/l) was significantly lower in rural (200 ng/l) than in urban (296 ng/l) workers, as well as differing significantly between 293 non-smokers and 138 smokers (205 ng/l and 381 ng/l, respectively). Among non-smokers, values were significantly higher (307 ng/l) in 76 chemical workers. In the total study population, in 95% of cases blood benzene was less than 718 ng/l, the 95th percentile being 514 ng/l in non-smokers vs 901 ng/l in smokers and 576 ng/l in rural vs 822 ng/l in urban subjects. Within each population subgroup, the difference between non-smokers and smokers was statistically significant, except among office workers (non-smokers 234 ng/l, smokers 304 ng/l). Blood benzene (y) was directly proportional to the number of cigarettes smoked (x) (y = 201 + 12x; r = 0.44; n = 431), and inversely proportional to the interval between the last cigarette and the time at which the blood sample was taken (z) (log y = 6.167 − 0.0015 z; r = −0.461; n = 135). The blood half-life of benzene was about 8h. The multiple correlation between blood benzene (Cb), number of cigarettes per day (x) and time since the last cigarette (z) is: Cb = 417 + 7.2x − 0.41z (n = 135; R = 0.20; P 〈 0.00001).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380906
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood styrene concentrations in a “normal” population and in exposed workers 16 hours after the end of the workshift (1993)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 65 (1993), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Styrene ; Biological monitoring ; Blood ; Alveolar air ; Normal population
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Blood styrene was measured by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method in 81 “normal people” and in 76 workers exposed to styrene. In the normal subjects, styrene was also tested in alveolar and environmental air. Styrene was found in nearly all (95%) blood samples. Average styrene levels in the normal subjects were 221 ng/1 in blood (Cb), 3 ng/1 in alveolar air (Ca) and 6 ng/1 in environmental air (Ci). Styrene levels did not differ significantly between smokers and non-smokers, 95% of values being below 512 ng/1 in Cb, 7 ng/1 in Ca and 15 ng/l in Ci. In workers with an average exposure to styrene of 204 μg/l, at the end of the workshift, mean blood styrene concentration was 1211 μg/l. In blood samples collected at the end of the Thursday shift, styrene levels were significantly higher (1590 μg/1) than those found at the end of the Monday shift (1068 μg/l. A similar difference was found in samples taken the morning after exposure (60 and 119 μg/l, respectively). Significant correlations between blood and environmental styrene were found both at the end of the shift and the morning after exposure (r=0.61 and 0.41, respectively). In workers occupationally exposed to styrene, 16 h after the end of the workshift, blood styrene (94 μg/l) was significantly higher than that found in the normal subjects (0.22 μg/l). The half-life of blood styrene was 3.9 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405731
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Benzene in environmental air and human blood (1998)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 71 (1998), S. 554-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Keywords Benzene exposure ; Blood benzene ; Biological monitoring ; Workers ; General population ; Environmental exposure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: AbstractObjective: To study the blood benzene levels resulting from environmental and occupational benzene exposure. Methods: Benzene in venous blood was measured in 243 nonoccupationally exposed subjects (“normal” people) and in 167 workers occupationally exposed to benzene. All exposed workers gave blood samples at the end of the work shift and on the following morning before resuming work. Blood benzene was assayed by gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry. Occupational benzene exposure was monitored by environmental personal samplers and measured by GC analysis. Results: The mean occupational benzene exposure for all 167 workers studied was 186 ng/l (58 ppb; range 5–1535 ng/l, 2–500 ppb). Overall, the mean blood benzene level of all workers was 420 ng/l at the end of the shift and 287 ng/l on the morning thereafter. The blood benzene levels measured the morning after turned out to be significantly lower (t = 3.6; P 〈 0.0001) than those measured at the end of the shift. The mean blood benzene level of the 243 “normal” subjects was 165 ng/l, which was significantly lower than that measured in the workers on the morning thereafter (t=5.8; P 〈 0.0000001). The mean blood benzene concentration was significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers in both the general population (264 versus 123 ng/l) and in the exposed workers. In the group of nonsmoking workers, whose workplace exposure to benzene was lower than 100 ng/l, blood benzene levels were similar (210–202 ng/l) to those measured in the nonsmoking general population (165 ng/l). End-of-shift blood benzene correlated significantly with environmental exposure (y=0.91x + 251; r=0.581; n=162; P 〈 0.00001). Finally, there was also a significant correlation between blood benzene measured at the end of the shift and that determined on the morning thereafter (y=0.45x + 109; r=0.572; n=156; P 〈 0.00001). Conclusion: Nonsmoking workers occupationally exposed to benzene at environmental levels lower than 100 ng/l (mean 35 ng/l) and the nonsmoking general population exposed to ubiquitous benzene pollution have similar blood benzene concentrations. This suggests that it is impossible to distinguish between occupational and environmental exposure when the benzene level in the workplace is less than 100 ng/l.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050323
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of lead on red blood cell membrane proteins (1988)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 61 (1988), S. 71-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Lead ; Membrane proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of lead on red blood cell (RBC) membrane proteins were studied in two groups of workers with different lead exposure levels: Group 1 (6 subjects employed in a battery plant) with a mean blood lead of 40.1 (SD = 3.7) μg/100 ml; Group II(5 workers employed in different industries) with a mean blood lead of 60.6 (SD = 8.0) μg/100 ml, compared with a control group with mean blood lead of 15.6 (SD = 9.3) μg/100 ml. The analysis of RBC membrane polypeptides was carried out by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and by using a densitometer for percentage measurement of the bands corresponding to protein fractions. The results show a very significant decrease in Band 3 (anion channel) and 4.1 in more exposed workers (Group II) only. The effects of lead on RBC membrane proteins seem to be evident at blood-lead levels higher (〉 50 μg/100 ml) than those previously reported in literature. These results confirm the effects of lead on membrane proteins, even if the exact mechanism, particularly the influence of proteolysis and the meaning of the interference, still needs to be investigated thoroughly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381610
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ubiquitous pollution by n-hexane and reference biological levels in the general population (1991)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 63 (1991), S. 157-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: n-Hexane ; Blood ; Breath ; Urine ; Normal population
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary n-Hexane levels were determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in environmental air and in the alveolar air, blood and urine of a group of subjects aged on average of 38 years who had not been occupationally exposed to this hydrocarbon. n-Hexane was found in all environmental air samples examined (n=49), with the mean concentration being 104 ng/l (limit values, 1–279 ng/l). It was also found in all 49 samples of alveolar air, with the mean concentration being 50 ng/l (variation limit, 1–304ng/l). In 64 samples of urine, n-hexane was found in only 50 samples, with the mean concentration being 1,417 ng/l (limit values, 34–8,820 ng/l). In 77 of the 90 blood samples taken, a mean concentration of 608 ng/l was detected (variation limit, 15–7,684ng/l). Particularly the haematic and urinary concentration showed significant differences among the nine groups of individuals classified according to their work activity. The lowest levels were found in the blood and urine of farmers: 270 and 298 ng/l, respectively. The highest values were found for chemical workers (1,377 and 411 ng/1), respectively printers (585 and 2,691 ng/l respectively), and traffic wardens (740 and 8,820 ng/l, respectively). In all, 95% of the determinations of n-hexane yielded values of 〈 255 ng/l in environmental samples, 〈 105 ng/l in alveolar air, 〈 1,475 ng/l in blood and 〈 5,875 ng/l in urine. A comparison of these data revealed a significant correlation between environmental levels and alveolar (r/s = 0.769; P〈0.00001), haematic (r/s = 0.624; P〈0.0002), and urinary (r/s = 0.597; P〈0.0005) values for n-hexane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381562
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