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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of peristaltic artifacts on magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen: a comparative evaluation of three drugs (1996)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 21 (1996), S. 309-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Butylscopolamine—Dicyclomine—Gastrointestinal tract, MR—Glucagon—MR, artifact—MR, noise reduction.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Background: Peristaltic motion is an omnipresent source of degradation in abdominal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging by blurring images and producing ghost artifacts that can mask or mimic lesions. The objective of this study was to select an effective and easy-to-administer drug to provide consistent reduction of peristaltic motion artifacts on MR images. Methods: One hundred forty-eight adult patients with MR examinations of the abdomen were enrolled in a prospective, single-blind comparative study. Four groups were defined: (a) no-drug control group (n = 35), (b) 1 mg of intravenous (IV) glucagon (n = 19), (c) 20 mg of IV butylscopolamine (n = 28), and (d) 20 mg of oral dicyclomine (n = 66). All patients received high-density barium sulphate as a negative oral contrast medium. Quantitative image analysis was performed with operator-defined region-of-interest measurements of signal intensity. Gastrointestinal noise was measured outside the patient at the posterior part of the left hemiabdomen along the phase-encoding direction on a short inversion time inversion recovery (STIR) sequence. Results: Treatment groups showed reduced gastrointestinal noise (p 〈 0.01). When compared with the control group, IV butylscopolamine (p 〈 0.05) and oral dicyclomine (p 〈 0.05) significantly reduced gastrointestinal noise, whereas glucagon did not. Conclusion: Anticholinergic drugs significantly reduced the intensity of ghost artifacts on MR imaging of the abdomen. Twenty milligrams of oral dicyclomine is an effective and safe alternative to more expensive and parenterally administered drugs such as glucagon and butylscopolamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002619900070
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dose effect of dicyclomine on the reduction of peristaltic artifacts on MRI of the abdomen (1999)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 24 (1999), S. 336-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Gastrointestinal tract, MR studies—Dicyclomine—MR, artifact—MR, noise reduction.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: It has been demonstrated that oral administration of dicyclomine significantly reduces the noise associated with the movement of the gastrointestinal tract in abdominal magnetic resonance (MR) images. Our objective was to determine the efficacy and security of two different doses of oral dicyclomine for the reduction of the gastrointestinal noise in abdominal MR imaging. Methods: Forty-eight patients with MR imaging of the upper abdomen were enrolled in a prospective, controlled, randomized, and double-blind study. All patients ingested barium of high density (196 g in 130 mL of tap water, 250 w/v) approximately 25 min before the MR examination. Patients were randomly distributed into three groups of 16 patients each: (a) no-drug control group, (b) 20 mg of dicyclomine chlorhydrate, and (c) 80 mg of dicyclomine chlorhydrate. Quantitative image analysis was performed with region-of-interest measurements of the signal intensity in background air posterior and lateral to the patient and in the liver. Adverse effects were counted at 2 h and 1 day after the MR examination. Results: The liver and incoherent noise signal intensities were not statistically different among groups. The control group presented a gastrointestinal noise (mean and SD of the air signal intensity) that was statistically superior to that of the groups with dicyclomine (p= 0.004 and p= 0.004, respectively), although significant differences were not observed between the two dicyclomine groups. Although the differences were not significant, adverse effects were more frequently associated with the higher doses of dicyclomine. All the adverse effects (most frequently, constipation, diarrhea, and abdominal pain) were considered minor and did not require treatment. Conclusion: Oral dicyclomine is effective and safe for the reduction of peristaltic artifacts on abdominal MR imaging. The dose of 20 mg presents an efficacy similar to that of 80 mg, with a probably lower incidence of adverse reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002619900511
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Iopentol (Imagopaque® 300) compared with iopromide (Ultravist® 300) in abdominal CT A multi-centre monitoring trial assessing adverse events and diagnostic information – results from 518 patients in Spain (1997)
    Springer
    European radiology 7 (1997), S. S115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Contrast media ; Comparative study ; Computed tomography (CT) ; Iopentol ; Adverse events ; Tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objectives: Iopentol (Nycomed Imaging AS, Oslo, Norway) and iopromide (Schering AG, Berlin, Germany) are low-osmolar, non-ionic, iodinated contrast media (CM) used in abdominal CT examinations. The intravenous safety profile and radiological efficacy of iopentol and iopromide were studied in 518 patients. Specifically, frequency of adverse events (AEs), subjective change in quality of diagnostic information, and quantitative enhancement characteristics were compared. Materials and methods: A prospective, double-blind, randomized, multicentre, parallel-group study was conducted at 8 hospitals. Patients received 100 ml of either iopentol 300 mg I/ml or iopromide 300 mg I/ml. Results: The incidence of patients with AEs was statistically significantly lower in the iopentol group compared to the iopromide group (2.3 % vs. 8.9 %, p 〈 0.001). Discomfort was frequent in both groups (44.8 % vs. 49.4 %, p = 0.33), sensation of heat and warmth being most common. Overall, diagnostic information was similar in both groups. Both CM gave high percentages of examinations rated as optimal (87.1 % vs. 90.5 %, p = 0.34) and in which diagnostic confidence was increased (87.5 % vs. 91.1 %, p = 0.22). No significant differences between the two CM were found concerning quantitative enhancement characteristics. Conclusions: In this study iopentol was significantly safer than iopromide for contrast enhanced CT examination of the abdomen. Radiological efficacy was similar with both CM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006875
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Randomised double-blind clinical trial of intermediate- versus high-dose chloral hydrate for neuroimaging of children (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 687-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Children ; Chloral hydrate ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Sedation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Orally administered chloral hydrate is the most widely used sedative in children undergoing MRI. We compared intermediate-and high-dose oral chloral hydrate in 97 consecutive children undergoing MRI in a prospective, controlled, double-blind, randomised clinical trial. There were 50 girls and 47 boys, mean weight (±SD) 14.7±6.4 kg, and mean age 38±31. The children were randomly allocated to receive chloral hydrate syrup either 70 mg/kg (group A,n=50) or 100 mg/kg (group B,n=47). These two groups were not significantly different in sex, weight, age, diagnosis or ambulatory medication. The mean initial dose (±SEM) was 64±2 mg/kg for group A and 93±2 mg/kg for group B. Because adequate sedation was not achieved, 14 patients in group A and 6 in group B required a second dose, giving a mean total dose of 70±2 mg/kg for group A and 96±2 mg/kg for group B. The percentage of successful examinations after the initial dose (A: 64%, B: 87%;p〈0.05) and the total dose (A: 92%, B: 100%;p=0.14) was higher in group B. Significant differences were found for the time of onset of sedation (A: 28±2 min, B: 21±1 min;p〈0.05), but not for the time to spontaneous awakening after the completion of the examination. The rate of adverse reactions was similar (A: 20%, B: 21%;p=1.00). We conclude that high-dose oral chloral hydrate improves the management of children undergoing MRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593395
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Randomised double-blind clinical trial of intermediate- versus high-dose chloral hydrate for neuroimaging of children (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 687-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Children ; Chloral hydrate ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Sedation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Orally administered chloral hydrate is the most widely used sedative in children undergoing MRI. We compared intermediate- and high-dose oral chloral hydrate in 97 consecutive children undergoing MRI in a prospective, controlled, double-blind, randomised clinical trial. There were 50 girls and 47 boys, mean weight (± SD) 14.7 ± 6.4 kg, and mean age 38 ± 31. The children were randomly allocated to receive chloral hydrate syrup either 70 mg/kg (group A, n = 50) or 100 mg/kg (group B, n = 47). These two groups were not significantly different in sex, weight, age, diagnosis or ambulatory medication. The mean initial dose (± SEM) was 64 ± 2 mg/kg for group A and 93 ± 2 mg/kg for group B. Because adequate sedation was not achieved, 14 patients in group A and 6 in group B required a second dose, giving a mean total dose of 70 ± 2 mg/kg for group A and 96 ± 2 mg/kg for group B. The percentage of successful examinations after the initial dose (A: 64 %, B: 87 %; p 〈 0.05) and the total dose (A: 92 %, B: 100 %; p = 0.14) was higher in group B. Significant differences were found for the time of onset of sedation (A: 28 ± 2 min, B: 21 ± 1 min; p 〈 0.05), but not for the time to spontaneous awakening after the completion of the examination. The rate of adverse reactions was similar (A: 20 %, B: 21 %; p = 1.00). We conclude that high-dose oral chloral hydrate improves the management of children undergoing MRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050180
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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