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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 55 (1977), S. 1209-1215 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: HLA-typing ; Transplantation ; HLA-associated diseases ; HLA-Typisierung ; Transplantation ; HLA-assoziierte Krankheitsdisposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Schon vor einigen Jahrzehnten haben Tierversuche gezeigt, daß zwischen Mäusen aus Inzuchtstämmen, die völlig identische Erbeigenschaften aufweisen, Transplantate problemlos akzeptiert werden, während Transplantate zwischen Individuen genetisch verschiedener Stämme nach einigen Tagen abgestoßen werden. Es konnte dann erwiesen werden, daß auch beim Menschen Erbfaktoren für Annahme oder Abstoßung von Fremdtransplantaten verantwortlich sind. Diese Erbfaktoren, heute HLA-System genannt, liegen auf dem sechsten Chromosom. Methoden wurden entwickelt, mit Hilfe von Antikörpern aus dem Blutserum schwangerer Frauen die ererbten HLA-Antigene zu bestimmen. Diese Bestimmung spielt heute eine große Rolle bei der Vorbereitung von Organverpflanzungen, besonders bei der Nierentransplantation, denn je besser die Übereinstimmung der HLA-Antigene zwischen Spender und Empfänger, um so größer sind die Chancen einer erfolgreichen Transplantation. Darüber hinaus gibt es in jüngster Zeit immer mehr Hinweise darauf, daß die HLA-Antigene gekoppelt oder sogar teilweise identisch sind mit den Immun-Response-Gen-Produkten, die bestimmen ob ein Organismus gut oder weniger gut in der Lage ist, eine Immunität gegen infektiöse Bakterien oder Viren zu entwickeln. Schließlich scheinen auch Zusammenhänge zu bestehen zwischen der Existenz ganz bestimmter HLA-Antigene und der Prädisposition zu Krankheiten, etwa der Gluten-Enteropathie, der Myasthenia gravis, der Multiplen Sklerose, des Diabetes mellitus, und viele anderen.
    Notes: Summary Some decades ago, animal experiments have shown that inbred mice with completely identical genetic characteristics accept transplants between each other without any problem while transplants between individuals of genetically different strains are being rejected after a few days. It was also proven later that with men, genetical factors are responsible for acceptance or rejection of homologous transplants. These genetic factors, although they are called the HLA system, are located on the sixth chromosome. Methods were developed to determine the inherited HLA antigens with the help of antibodies present in the blood serum of pregnant women. This determination is of great importance in preparing transplants organ, especially of kidneys, because chances of successful transplantation are the greater, the better the correspondence of HLA antigens between donor and recipient. Furthermore, there exists growing indication that HLA antigens are coupled or even partly identical with the immune response gene products. These determine whether an individual is more or less suited to develop an immunity against bacterial or viral infections. Finally, there subsist associations of certain HLA antigens and diseases such as gluten enteropathy, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, diabetes mellitus and many others.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Minor Histocompatibility (mH) antigens are polymorphic endogenously synthesized products that can be recognized by alloreactive T cells in the context of major histocompatibility complex molecules. In transplant situations where tissue donor and recipient are matched for HLA, mH antigens may trigger strong cellular immune responses. To gain insight into the polymorphism of mH antigens we studied their frequencies in the healthy population. Five HLA class I restricted mH antigens recognized by distinct cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) clones were used in the population genetic analysis consisting of a panel (N=100) of HLA typed target cells. Three mH antigens showed phenotype frequencies of 69% or higher, this contrasted the frequencies of two other mH antigens with 16 and 7% respectively. To gain insight into the “functional” polymorphism of the T-cell response to mH antigens, we analyzed the specificity of CTL clones within individuals. Three out of five individuals investigated shared a CTL response to one single HLA-A2 restricted mH antigen. These results indicate limited allelic polymorphism for some mH antigens in the healthy population and are suggestive of the existence of immunodominant human mH antigens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 621 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 9 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In order to investigate whether genetic factors are involved in the response of schizophrenic patients to treatment with γ-type endorphins, we typed 32 Dutch schizophrenic patients for the HLA-A, -B, -C and -DR antigens. The total patient group showed an increase of HLA-Bw4 and HLA-Cw1. A subgroup of 20 paranoid patients showed an increase of HLA-Cw1 and a significant heterogeneity for the HLA-C locus. In 16 patients who responded moderately or markedly to treatment with γ-type endorphins, an increase of HLA-B15/Cw3 and a decrease of HLA-B17 were found as compared to 16 patients with no or a slight response. Moreover, HLA-B15 was particularly increased in those patients who responded markedly and remained free of psychotic symptoms for a period of at least 6 months after treatment with γ-type endorphins (RR = 24.6, Puncorr.= 0.0015).Our results suggest that genetic factors coded for within the HLA region are associated with paranoid schizophrenia, and that HLA-B15/Cw3 is associated with a marked and prolonged response to treatment with γ-type endorphins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In a population of 164 very closely related members of a Swiss alpine village, the HL-A system and seven other immunogenetic systems were studied. The two main techniques of lymphocytotoxicity and leuco-agglutination were used in two different laboratories for the HL-A serology. The W4(4a) and W6(4b) antigens are especially emphasized, and discrepancies between the two techniques discussed. The use of large families proved valuable for the definition of several previously ill defined anitgens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 4 (1977), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Six individuals with an established recombination between the HLA-A and the HLA-B loci of the major histocompatibility complex have been tested in unilateral mixed lymphocyte cultures with other members of their families. A weak, but statistically significant lymphocyte activating influence of the HLA-A chromosomal region has been observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 2 (1975), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mixed Lymphocyte Culture (MLC) tests were performed between HL-A identical non-sibling members of an inbred population. Three pairs were known to be related, and the descent of chromosomes is followed by both HL-A serology and MLC tests. The implication of a high frequency of negative MLC tests between HL-A identical non-sibling pairs in this population as compared with other populations is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A number of families with an established recombination in the major histo-compatibility complex has been investigated for markers known to be coded by genes of this linkage group. The results provide further data on the relative position of the loci for HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-D, Bf, Chido, Rodgers and PGM3 on chromosome 6. A positive lodscore for linkage between HLA and blood group P was found; lodscores between HLA and nineteen other markers were negative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 6 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Descendants of Dutch colonists, who emigrated to Surinam in the last century and survived epidemics of typhoid and yellow fever with a total mortality of about 60%, were tested for twenty-six polymorphisms. The gene frequencies were compared with those of a large Dutch control sample. An analysis of drift indicated that the variations in gene frequencies observed for C3, Gm, HLA-B, and GLO were unlikely to be due to drift. Therefore these data might indicate selection through genetic control of survival in these epidemics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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