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  • 1
    ISSN: 0040-4020
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 9 (1993), S. 25-39 
    ISSN: 0168-1699
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Computer Science , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary a novel approach to enhance the activity of doxorubicin is to increase the availability of cellular “chelatable” iron to participate in doxorubicin-mediated free-radical generation. To achieve this, we designed a regimen consisting of desferrioxamine (DFO, 50 mg/kg daily given as an i. v. infusion over 72 h) to increase cellular iron uptake. Thereafter, the combination of iron sorbitol citrate (ISC) and doxorubicin (as a single agent or as part of the CHOP regimen) was given. In a phase I study we investigated the toxicity of this regimen in nine patients with refractory malignant disease. Severe but reversible ocular toxicity (i. e., acute maculopathy) was observed in two patients. As these patients were the only ones who were pretreated with cisplatin, we caution against the use of DFO in cisplatin-pretreated patients. Severe phlebitis was encountered in five of nine patients. A partial remission was observed in two of four patients with refractory Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who were treated with DFO, ISC, and doxorubicin as part of the CHOP regimen. We conclude that pretreatment with DFO and iron sorbitol citrate may be of benefit in the treatment of malignancies with doxorubicin-containing regimens, but ocular toxicity and severe phlebitis limits the use of DFO in this approach. The attachment of DFO to biocompatible polymers may be a method of overcoming the observed toxicity and warrants further study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 208 (1978), S. 235-240 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ocular penetration of topically applied [14C]-atenolol in the rabbit was determined by means of liquid scintillation counting. Only one eye was treated, the fellow eye serving as a control. Blood plasma levels were measured as well. The absolute amount of atenolol which penetrated the eye was very low, but a relatively high concentration was achieved in the tissues of the nictitating membrane. We could only detect an increase in the amount of atenolol with time in the aqueous humor. In all other ocular tissues, including iris and ciliary body, the atenolol level remained constant with time. Hardly any atenolol could be detected in the untreated eye and none in the blood plasma. These findings suggest that the ocular penetration of atenolol administered as an eye drop is very poor. Ocular penetration, therefore, hardly seems to play a part in the antiglaucomatous effect of atenolol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 206 (1978), S. 247-254 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir untersuchten die Wirkung einer Einzeldosis Metoprolol Augentropfen bei 13 Patienten mit Glaukom mit weitem Kammerwinkel im Doppelbindversuch. Metoprolol 1%, 2% und 4% verursachte eine mittlere Senkung des Augeninnendrucks von bzw. 5.6, 5.4 und 6.8 mm Hg im eingetropften Auge. Die Wirkung der 1%, 2% und 4% Konzentration war nicht signifikant verschieden. Bei den nicht-eingetropften Augen gab es keine signifikante Senkung des Augeninnendrucks; Blutdruck, Puls und Pupillendiameter änderten sich nicht signifikant. Obwohl wir keine lokalen objektiven oder subjektiven Nebenwirkungen entdeckken konnten während der Einzeldosisprüfung, könnte die klinische Brauchbarkeit von Metropol beschränkt sein wegen allergischer Lokalreaktionen nach multiplen Dosen. Außerdem ist wegen Tachyphylaxis eine längere Therapie mit lokalen Beta-adrenergen Rezeptorenblokkern nicht möglich.
    Notes: Summary A double-blind single-dose trial was performed on 13 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Metoprolol 1%, 2%, and 4% produced a median fall in IOP of 5.6, 5.4, and 6.8 mm Hg, respectively, in the treated eye. The differences in effect between the 1%, 2%, and 4% solutions were not statistically significant. There was no significant fall in IOP in the untreated eyes. There were no significant changes in blood pressure, pulse rate, or pupilary diameter. We could not detect any local objective or subjective side effects during the single-dose study. The clinical usefulness of metoprolol may be limited due to local toxic reactions after treatment with multiple doses. Furthermore, there is the problem of tachyphylaxis that could limit extended treatment with topical beta-adrenergic blocking drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 48 (1980), S. 283-289 
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 26 eyes of 14 patients - 8 with primary open angle glaucoma, 6 glaucoma suspects - were treated for at least 6 months with either twice daily timolol 0.25% in both eyes or twice daily timolol 0.50% in one eye. None of the patients received concomitant local or oral drugs. Special attention was paid to tachyphylaxis and to blood pressure and pulse rate. We could detect a slight although not significant tendency to tachyphylaxis (1–2 mm Hg) after 1 week of timolol treatment. It takes at least 1 – 2 weeks to reach the initial I.O.P. level after withdrawal of timolol therapy. Blood pressure did not change significantly. The pulse rate showed a slight although not significant tendency to decrease (a few beats/minute), but we detected a reflex tachycardia (10 beats/minute) after withdrawal of timolol therapy which was very significant. This rebound phenomenon has not been referred to in the literature. It seems reasonable to conclude that one should take care in treating glaucoma patients with concomitant arrhythmias with timolol eye drops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 72 (1989), S. 391-398 
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: β-blocker ; glaucoma ; Pilogel® ; intra-ocular pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The interim results of a multicentered clinical trial with the combination therapy Pilogel®/topical β-blocker (twice daily) in patients with primary open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension are discussed. Six patients were treated with Pilogel® and a topical β-blocker for one month. Four out of six patients responded well to the combination therapy. Most patients experienced some difficulty in applying the gel and their eyelids stuck together on awakening. In two patients a superficial punctate keratitis was observed. We found an average decrease in intra-ocular pressure (IOP) of 22.5% 22.5 hours after Pilogel® administration, but there was some tendency towards higher evening values compared to morning values. In view of the appearance of a corneal haze as described by Johnson et al. during long-term treatment, longer follow-up is necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: β-Adrenergic blocking agents ; Glaucoma ; Ocular penetration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A comparison was made between the ocular penetration of topically applied 14C-atenolol, 14C-timolol, 14C-propranolol and 3H-metoprolol by means of liquid scintillation counting. Only one eye was treated, the fellow eye served as a control. Blood plasma levels were measured as well. We could detect a relationship between the ocular penetration and the degree of lipophilicity of the drugs used, as was to be expected. Drugs with a higher degree of lipophilicity penetrated more readily into the eye, whereas they also achieved higher blood plasma levels. Relatively high concentrations of atenolol were found in the nictitating membrane, thus reflecting its poor ocular penetration. The concentrations detected in the untreated eye were low and probably cannot explain the marked reduction in intraocular pressure observed after unilateral instillation of active β-adrenergic blocking drugs, as for instance timolol. Our findings suggest that the ocular penetration of β-adrenergic blocking agents on topical application only plays a minor part in their ocular hypotensive effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International ophthalmology 15 (1991), S. 281-284 
    ISSN: 1573-2630
    Keywords: β-blocker ; glaucoma ; intra-ocular pressure ; Pilogel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a multicentre clinical trial thirteen patients with primary open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were followed during at least six months while selfinstilling Pilogel (once daily) and topical β-blocker (twice daily). After six months of combination therapy there was an average decrease in intra-ocular pressure (IOP) of 33.6% 9.5 hours after Pilogel administration and an IOP decrease of 23.4% 22.5 hours after Pilogel administration. With topical β-blocker alone, an average IOP decrease of 15% was measured. Throughout the study we observed in six patients (46.1%) a superficial punctate keratitis which mostly spontaneously cleared. We did not see any serious side-effects after six months of combination therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 3 (1981), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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