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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increasing the heat resistance of steel Kh14G14N3T with microadditions of boron (1972)
    Springer
    Metal science and heat treatment 14 (1972), S. 325-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions 1. At temperatures below the equicohesive temperature for steel Kh14G14N3T (550°C) the long-term strength increases continuously with the boron content up to 0.0043% B. 2. At a temperature close to the equicohesive temperature or above it (600–800o) the isotherms of the heat resistance have a peak at a boron concentration of 0.0013%. 3. The time to failure increases at temperatures above the equicohesive temperature. At stresses below the inflection point the plasticity and grain growth decrease substantially. 4. The addition of boron to steel Kh14G14N3T slows down the precipitation of σ phase, the particles of which in the grain boundaries inhibit grain growth. This increases the time to the inflection point on the curves of log σ vs log τ with increasing concentrations of boron in the steel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00657022
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of small boron additions on the scaling resistance of chromium-nickel steel (1972)
    Springer
    Metal science and heat treatment 13 (1972), S. 559-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions 1. The addition of 0.001% B increases the scaling resistance of steel Kh23N13 at 900–1100°C (the same as an addition of 0.1–0.2% rare earth metal). Increasing the boron content to 0.0028% lowers the scaling resistance of the steel. 2. The effect of boron in the oxidation process appears at the stage of diffusion growth of the oxide layer. It is probable that small boron additions increase the breakaway energy of metal ions from the crystal lattice, which reduces the flow of ions into the scale and reduces the weight gain of steel with 0.001% B. 3. The lower scaling resistance of the steel with 0.0028% B is evidently due to the presence of excess phases — undissolved borides and carbides, the interfaces of which have an elevated chemical activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00648196
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of Cu−Nb alloys (1972)
    Springer
    Metal science and heat treatment 14 (1972), S. 888-890 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions 1. We investigated the effect of niobium (up to 1.5%) on the mechanical properties, heat resistance, and electrical resistivity of copper. 2. The properties of Cu−Nb alloys do not depend on the heat treatment conditions, which distinguishes the alloys of this system from most of the thermal conducting and electrical conducting alloys used at the present time. 3. With increasing concentrations of niobium the red hardness of the alloys increases continuously and exceeds that of copper by a factor of 2–3. The electrical conductivity decreases slightly. 4. Copper alloys with 0.2–0.75% Nb can be recommended for parts and structures in a wide range of operating temperatures where heat treatment is technically difficult or impossible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00648088
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recrystallization diagrams of chromium bronze (1973)
    Springer
    Metal science and heat treatment 15 (1973), S. 209-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions 1. The recrystallization diagrams of chromium bronze are of the same type as for pure copper; however, the presence of chromium in the solid solution or in the form of particles (finely dispersed) inhibits grain growth. 2. With 60–80% deformation, Cu−Cr alloys undergo secondary recrystallization. The grain size after secondary recrystallization depends on the phase and structure of the alloy before deformation. 3. The critical degree of deformation of chromium bronze is 1.5–2%. The grain size after deformation to the critical degree also depends on the original condition of the alloy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00648153
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of original grain size on structure and properties of copper alloys after deformation and annealing (1977)
    Springer
    Metal science and heat treatment 19 (1977), S. 204-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions 1. Reduction of the original grain size (before deformation) from 200 to ∼30 μ leads to an increase in the strength characteristics, electrical resistivity, and width of x-ray lines in deformed bronze Br. A7 and brass L68 and substantially increases the strengthening effect during subrecrystallization annealing. TABLE 1 Alloy ɛ, % σ0 K Br.A7 20 22/22 3,5/7,0 50 41/60 2,0/4,5 75 44/75 0,5/4,0 L68 20 28/28 1,0/2,0 50 38/50 0,5/1,5 75 42/60 0,5/2,0 Note.Numerators give the values of σ0and K after deformation, denominators—after deformation and subrecrystallizationannealing. 2. With increasing deformation the effect of the grain size on the elastic limit decreases, while the effect on the ultimate strength and yield strength remains almost unchanged. After annealing, the effect of the original grain size on the strength characteristics increases spharply as compared with the deformed condition. 3. Subrecrystallization annealing sharply increases the resistance to deformation of the grain boundaries, and in alloys deformed 50 and 75% substantially increases the resistance to deformation in slip bands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01167001
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The physical nature of creep in crystalline bodies. A review (1965)
    Springer
    Journal of applied mechanics and technical physics 6 (1965), S. 155-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8620
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00914391
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat resistance of Cr−Ni and Cr−Ni−Mo steels with boron additions (1973)
    Springer
    Metal science and heat treatment 15 (1973), S. 447-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions 1. At temperatures below the equcohesive temperature, i.e., with transcrystalline fracture, the long-term strength of Cr−Ni and Cr−Ni−Mo steels increases continuously with increasing boron additions up to 0.005%. At temperatures above the equicohesive temperature, where fracture is intergranular, the long-term strength of the steels is highest at boron concentrations of 0.001–0.0018%. 2. The following mechanisms of the increase in the long-term strength with small boron additions were established: a) small boron additions increase the strength of the grain boundaries, which is manifest at temperatures above the equicohesive temperature; b) small boron additions slow down the diffusion processes of precipitation of excess phases in the boundaries and within the grains during creep; c) additional strengthening of the grain boundaries evidently occurs at concentrations of 0.004–0.005% B due to precipitation of dispersed borides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01153257
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Character of fracture in steel Kh17N13M3T with boron in different stages of creep (1974)
    Springer
    Metal science and heat treatment 16 (1974), S. 938-939 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions 1. Intragranular and intergranular processes that occur during creep in steel Kh17N13M3T without boron and with 0.0015 and 0.003% B affect the character of fracture in the initial stage of steady-state creep: the percentage of intercrystalline components increases and the block size decreases. The ratio of the intercrystalline to the intracrystalline sections of the fracture and the block size established in the initial stage of steady-state creep do not change during this stage. 2. In steels with boron the percentage of the intercrystalline component after creep is smaller (20–30%) than in the steel without boron (∼75%), i. e., small additions of boron inhibit damage in the grain boundaries during creep. 3. In samples of steel Kh17N13M3T with 0.0015% B, with the highest long-term strength, the size of the blocks formed in the process of creep is smaller than in the steel without boron or with 0.003% B. Evidently creep is more even in this steel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00663800
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of chromium content and heat treatment on creep of chromium bronze (1982)
    Springer
    Metal science and heat treatment 24 (1982), S. 828-831 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions At testing temperatures below 0.5Tm the structure of the alloy affects the creep resistance in the same way as during tensile strength tests. The more dispersed (but less stable) structure ensures higher strength and a lower steady creep rate. At temperatures above 0.5Tm the less dispersed (but more stable) structure of the bronze is responsible for the lower creep rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00774747
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