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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 67 (1989), S. 717-722 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: AIDS ; Mycobacteremia ; Blood culture ; M. tuberculosis ; M. avium ; M. intracellulare
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The importance of blood cultures in diagnosing disseminated mycobacteriosis in AIDS patients was evaluated. Blood samples were screened for mycobacteria by culture and microscopic techniques. Mycobacteremia was proven in 20/136 (14.7%) AIDS patients, the agent being M. avium-M. intracellulare (MAI) in 16 cases and M. tuberculosis in four cases. The rate of cases with positive blood samples in disseminated MAI infection was 59.3% (16/27 cases) and in disseminated tuberculosis 57.1% (4/7 cases). To detect mycobacteria buffy-coat was slightly superior to lysated cell pellets, obtained by a lysis-centrifugation technique. In 4/16 cases with MAI bacteremia, the agent was proven by positive blood smears for acid-fast bacilli only; in these four patients MAI was demonstrated at other body sites. These results illustrate the diagnostic role of blood culture and its use in early diagnosis of disseminated mycobacteriosis, with microscopic examination of blood smears being an important adjunct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Aerosolized pentamidine ; Fansidar ; Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ; Prophylaxis ; Pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine ; Toxoplasma gondii ; Toxoplasmic encephalitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The incidence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) was analyzed in 83 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients who inhaled aerosolized pentamidine (AP) either for primary prophylaxis (group la) or secondary prophylaxis (group IIa) of PCP. These cohorts were compared with two historical groups of patients who took Fansidar (pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine) for primary prophylaxis (group lb) or secondary prophylaxis (group IIb) of PCP. The follow-up was 3—41 months (median 8 months). PCP did not occur in group la but was seen in 1 patient of group Ib (5%). TE was observed in 3 patients of group Ia (7.3%) and in 1 patient of group Ib (5%). PCP relapses were seen in 5 patients of group IIa (11.9%) and in 3 patients of group Ilb (6.9%), whereas TE occurred in 13 patients of group IIa (30.9%) and in 1 patient of group IIb (2.3%). 20.3% of patients with CD4+ counts 〈 100/μl and only 7.7% of those with CD4+ counts 〉 100/μl developed toxoplasmosis. In conclusion, Fansidar rather than AP prophylaxis should be recommended for patients with a history of PCP or toxoplasmosis and for all HIV-infected patients with CD4+ counts ≤ 100/μl. In patients with CD4+ lymphocyte counts between 100 and 200/μl, AP prophylaxis appears appropriate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: HIV infection ; Cytomegalovirus encephalitis ; Treatment ; Foscarnet ; Ganciclovir
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes life-threatening disseminated infections and in particular vision-threatening infections of the retina in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ganciclovir currently represents the most frequently used therapy for CMV retinitis. However, cases of ganciclovir-resistant CMV strains have been described, in which foscarnet seems to be an effective alternative. Both drugs have serious toxicities, and relapses frequently occur during maintenance therapy. In a patient with CMV encephalitis, we administered a 3-week combination ganciclovir/foscarnet induction therapy (ganciclovir 5 mg/kg every 12 h; foscarnet 60 mg/kg every 8 h), followed by an alternating maintenance administration of both drugs every other day (ganciclovir 5 mg/kg, foscarnet 120 mg/kg) to reduce toxicity and resistance. This regimen was tolerated well and seemed to be more effective than ganciclovir alone in a patient with CMV encephalitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 7256-7263 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: One-dimensional reactive-flow simulations of a hot-filament chemical vapor deposition-system including surface reactions of H atoms and H2 molecules are reported. The corresponding governing equations of mass, momentum, chemical species, and energy are solved assuming a stagnation-point flow. In the model, the filament is catalytically active to dissociate H2 molecules, and the net surface reaction is the recombination of H atoms to H2 molecules. It is shown that the surface chemistry strongly influences the H and CH4 concentration profiles, whereas only a minor influence on CH3 and C2H2 concentrations—possible candidates as precursors for diamond growth—is observed. The influence of the surface temperature on gas-phase species concentration is discussed. At surface temperatures below 1000 K, the CH3-concentration dependence on the substrate temperature can be characterized by an activation energy of 14 kJ/mol which is in good agreement with experiment. The simulations show that this activation energy is a pure gas-phase effect due to recombination of methyl radicals and H atoms to methane in the cool gas layer near the substrate. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 120 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A case with oral Kaposi's sarcom (KS) is reported that regressed during therapy with Zidovudine (AZT) which was started 5 months after the first dermal and oral tumours were noted. After 6 months of treatment the absolute number of T-helper cells had increased from 54/μl to 232/μl and the ratio of T-helper to T-suppressor cells from 0.15 to 0.3. During the same time the lesions of KS on the gingiva, uvula and the body as well as the face disappeared. The lesion of KS on the hard palate regressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 19 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Oral ulcerations associated with disseminated Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection were observed in four patients with AIDS manifestations showing low CD4 counts. Virus cultures of urine and saliva samples were positive for CMV in all cases. The lesions were characterized by a punched-out appearance, non-indurated borders, low bleeding tendency and lack of inflammatory wall. Light microscopy revealed granulation tissue containing “owl's eye” like cells in all specimens. Presence of CMV was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The ulcerations were infiltrated with T-lymphocytes of the helper, suppressor and cytotoxic subset, most were positive for HLA DR. Despite the local invasion with immunocytes and high serum titers of serum antibodies the patients experienced progressive CMV disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 25 (1997), S. 189-189 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Neun AIDS-Patienten mit disseminierterMycobacterium avium complex (MAC)-Infektion wurden in einer randomisierten Doppelblind-Studie mit Clarithromycin oder Plazebo behandelt, die zu einer Basiskombination aus Isoniazid, Ethambutol und Clofazimine hinzugegeben wurden. Alle vier mit Clarithromycin behandelten Patienten sprachen auf die Therapie an. Von fünf ohne Clarithromycin behandelten Patienten sprachen zwei auf die Therapie an, während zwei andere ohne Therapieeffekt verstarben. Ein Patient verschlechterte sich kontinuierlich, bis der Austausch von Plazebo gegen Clarithromycin zur Blutkultur-Konversion und Rückbildung von Krankheitserscheinungen führte. Nach einer sechswöchigen Akuttherapie-Phase erhielten alle Patienten Clarithromycin in einer offenen Studie zur Rezidiv-Prophylaxe, zunächst in Kombination mit Rifabutin für 24 Wochen und anschließend als Monotherapie. Ein Patient hatte ein Rezidiv der MAC-Infektion, das in der Monotherapie-Phase auftrat und mit einer erworbenen Resistenz gegen das Medikament assoziiert war. Clarithromycin ist eine vielversprechende Substanz für ein Kombinationsregime zur Behandlung der MAC-Infektion. Eine Monotherapie kann zur Resistenz-Entwicklung führen.
    Notes: Summary In a randomized double-blind study, nine mycobacteremic patients with AIDS-related disseminatedMycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection received clarithromycin or placebo in addition to a basic regimen that included isoniazid, ethambutol and clofazimine. All four patients receiving clarithromycin showed blood culture conversion and clinical response. Of the five patients treated without clarithromycin, two showed resolution of mycobacteremia and clinical reponse, while another two died without having shown response. The remaining patient deteriorated until a switch from placebo to clarithromycin led to blood culture conversion and rapid clinical improvement. After finishing six weeks of intensive treatment, clarithromycin was given in an open maintenance phase to all patients, initially in combination with rifabutin for 24 weeks and then alone. One patient had a relapse of MAC infection while receiving clarithromycin alone. The relapse was associated with acquired resistance to the drug. Clarithromycin appears to be a promising component of multi-drug therapy for patients with MAC infection. Monotherapy can lead to drug resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 25 (1997), S. 274-280 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calculus of variations and partial differential equations 3 (1995), S. 139-153 
    ISSN: 1432-0835
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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