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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability in the reaction of squash (Cucurbita pepo) to inoculation with Sphaerotheca fuliginea and methodology of breeding for resistance (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 42 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Reaction to inoculation with powdery mildew caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea was observed on leaf discs and young plants of eleven representatives of seven edible cultivar groups of Cucurbita pepo. Disease intensity (i.e. number of infections per leaf) was highly correlated (r2=0·863, P〈0·0001) with spore yield per leaf. Spore yield per leaf and frequency of sporulation on leaf disks were moderately (r2=0·505), but significantly correlated (P〈0·01), suggesting that frequency of sporulation can be used for initial screening against susceptibility in a breeding programme. Spore yield per leaf and spore yield per artificially inoculated leaf disc were highly correlated (r2=0·87, P〈0·0001); this suggests that counting of spores on leaf discs, a laborious but accurate procedure, could be used on the remaining plants as a second step in selection for resistance of the variation in the response of edible C. pepo to the pathogen, 85·8% was attributed to differences between the edible groups and only 14·2% to individual cultivars within a group. Cultivars of the cocozelle and vegetable marrow groups were the most susceptible, whereas relatively resistant cultivars were found in the scallop and straightneck groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1993.tb01530.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erwinia amylovora populations resistant to oxolinic acid in Israel: prevalence, persistence and fitness (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 54 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Oxolinic acid (OA) has been the only bactericide used against fire blight in pear and quince orchards in Israel since 1998. OA-resistant Erwinia amylovora strains (Ea-OAR) were detected in several orchards in two restricted areas in the northern Galilee region during 1999–2001. In the following years, resistant strains could not be detected in some of these locations. Documenting the fate of Ea-OAR strains in commercial orchards at eight sites in northern Israel during 2000/03 revealed that the resistant population appeared irrespective of the number of sprays applied and the severity of the disease. The persistence of the Ea-OAR populations varied from site to site, ranging from 4 to 20 months; these differences could be attributed to the fire blight management activities of growers. Comparative studies on the fitness of Ea-OAR and E. amylovora strains sensitive to OA (Ea-OAS) were conducted in vitro and in planta using two strains of each group. In four of the six comparisons, disease incidence on detached blossoms inoculated with Ea-OAS was significantly higher than that on blossoms inoculated with Ea-OAR. In two experiments conducted on 8-year-old pear trees grown under netting, the colonization of Ea-OAS in blossoms, annual shoots and perennial spurs was significantly higher than that of the Ea-OAR. In two experiments conducted on 2-year-old trees grown under netting in an experimental station, the incidence of shoots exhibiting fire blight symptoms and the rate of symptom progress within the branches were significantly higher in trees inoculated with Ea-OAS than in those inoculated with Ea-OAR. The results of this study suggest that OA-resistant E. amylovora strains have lower fitness than wild-type strains. These findings may have implications for fire blight management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2005.01146.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of abiotic variables on the response of carnation cultivars to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi (1996)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 45 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of abiotic variables on the response of carnation cultivars to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi (F.o. dianthi ) were examined in experiments conducted under semi-controlled environments. The abiotic variables examined were solar radiation intensity, temperature and growth substrate. Temperature was not controlled, but differed markedly among experiments, thus, its effect was not determined quantitatively. Disease incidence and disease severity varied significantly among the experiments (due mainly to differences in temperature), among the solar radiation treatments and among the cultivars tested. The three-way interaction term (i.e. cultivar × shade treatment × experiment) was highly significant (P 〈 0.001) when both disease incidence and disease severity were considered, indicating that no single variable was predominant in determining disease intensity. The effects of the growth substrate on disease progress was examined in plants grown in tuff or in tuff mixed with peat (1 : 1 and 1 : 3) substrates. The growth substrate had a potent effect on disease development in the less susceptible cultivars. Severe epidemics developed in all cultivars when they were grown in the tuff/peat mixture, although some were resistant when grown in tuff alone. These results led to the conclusion that the carnation response to F.o. dianthi is substantially influenced by the environmental conditions of the test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1996.d01-102.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Alternaria macrospora on the yield components of Pima cotton in Israel (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 42 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Effects of Alternaria leaf spot (caused by Alternaria macrospora) on the yield components of Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense) were examined in four field trials, for the lower (〈 30–50 cm), middle (30–50 to 70–90 cm) and upper (〉70–90 cm) layers of the canopy. The influence of the disease on yield was determined by comparing measurements taken in fungicide-treated plots with those taken in untreated plots. Alternaria-induced defoliation was most severe in the lower canopy layer and gradually decreased towards the upper canopy layers. Significantly fewer bolls (26·0%) were picked in untreated plots than in fungicide-treated plots, but differences in average boll size (reduction of 1·07%) among the treatments were non-significant. The relationship between disease intensity and the loss of bolls was linear. Of the differences in yield between fungicide-treated and untreated plots, 43·5% was observed in the lower canopy layer, 37·6% in the middle canopy layer and only 18·9% in the upper canopy layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1993.tb01555.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seed treatment for the control of Sphaerotheca fuliginea in muskmelon seedlings (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 43 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of powdery mildew (caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea)on muskmelon seedlings and the efficacy of seed treatment with systemic fungicides were examined under controlled environmental conditions. The fresh weight of seedlings infected with powdery mildew was substantially less than that of uninoculated seedlings 5 weeks after inoculation, and the inoculated seedlings shrivelled 1 week later. The fungicides fenarimol and triadimenol applied to the seeds did not affect germination and suppressed powdery mildew effectively when applied at a rate equivalent to 8 g fungicide product per kg seed. Under conditions moderately conducive to the pathogen, fenarimol markedly reduced disease severity and its effect when applied as a seed treatment was as effective as foliar treatment. When conditions were highly conducive to the pathogen, seed treatment with fenarimol was not effective. Development of powdery mildew and efficacy of the seed treatments were related to soil type: disease developed earlier and more intensely on seedlings grown in sandy soil than those in organic medium, and seed treatment had a more pronounced effect on seedlings grown in sandy soil. The results indicate that fungicidal treatment of muskmelon seeds may offer an adequate means of reducing powdery mildew infections on seedlings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1994.tb02690.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of foliar diseases of wheat on the physiological processes affecting yield under semi-arid conditions (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 40 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of Septoria leaf blotch (caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola) and leaf rust (caused by Puccinia recondita) on the physiological processes affecting yield were studied under semi-arid conditions in Israel. In the absence of water stress, photosynthetic activity decreased as the rate of disease development increased. Transpirational activity was reduced in leaves infected by Septoria leaf blotch, but intensified in leaves with slight leaf rust infections (0.5-5% severity). When leaf rust seventy exceeded 5%, the transpirational water loss declined. Both diseases were associated with a decrease in the maximum rate of grain-weight accumulation, but did not affect the duration of weight accumulation. An inverse linear relationship between disease and final grain weight was observed. Under conditions of water stress, photosynthetic activity of leaves slightly infected by Septoria leaf blotch (1-5”., severity) was greater than that of uninfected leaves. Severely infected leaves (” 25% severity) photosynthesized the least. Both diseases were associated with a decrease in the maximum rate of grain weight accumulation, but the duration of accumulation was longer in tillers with a slow rate of disease development than in uninfected tillers. The relationship between disease and final grain weight in these cases was parabolic; yield was increased at low levels of infection. Theoretical explanations and practical implications of these phenomena are presented and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1991.tb02416.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of leaf susceptibility and fungicide seed treatment on leaf spot of Pima cotton caused by Altenaria macrospora (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 40 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Effects of leaf susceptibility and seed treatment with the systemic fungicides tebuconazole (Raxil) or difenoconazole (Dragon) on Altenaria macrospora in Pima cotton were examined under glasshouse conditions and in the field. In the absence of fungicide, the susceptibility of cotyledons to Alternaria-induced shedding increased with seedling age. Effects of seed treatment with fungicide were evident even on the third true leaves, and persisted up to 39 days after planting. Disease suppression was determined both by the fungicide and also by the susceptibility of the host tissue: seed treatment suppressed Alternaria-induced shedding of cotyledons for 18 days, but not 29 days after planting In a field trial, disease progress was delayed by 20-24 days in plots planted with treated seeds. The effect persisted for up to 86 days after planting. Alternaria-induced defoliation at later stages of the season was not affected by the seed treatment. No significant differences in disease control were detected between the two fungicides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1991.tb02399.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression of powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) in cucumber by the detergent Zohar LQ-215 (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 102 (1996), S. 69-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: cucurbits ; detergent ; disease control ; fenarimol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of the detergent Zohar LQ-215 alone or combined with the fungicide fenarimol (Rubigan) on cucumber powdery mildew (caused bySphaerotheca fuliginea) was examined under controlled environmental conditions and in the field. In laboratory tests conducted on leaf disks, the efficacy of fenarimol was 30 times greater than that of Zohar LQ-215 as indicated by the ED50 values of the compounds (0.012% and 0.356%, respectively). Zohar LQ-215 did not reduce spore germination or germ-tube elongation, but inhibited the later stages of the disease cycle (i.e., mycelial growth and sporulation). Although the detergent was degraded relatively quickly, its effect on the polycyclic development of the disease lasted for up to 24 days after spraying. Low disease severity (2.4% compared with 27% in the control) was maintained following three applications of the detergent at 5 days intervals. In a greenhouse trial, a mixture of Zohar LQ-215 and fenarimol at half rate did not improve disease suppression beyond the effect of fenarimol applied alone at half rate. However, the effects of the two compounds were additive when applied in the field as a mixture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01877117
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Significance of leaf infection by Botrytis cinerea in stem rotting of tomatoes grown in non-heated greenhouses (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 104 (1998), S. 753-763 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: cultural control ; Integrated Pest Management ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; sanitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The most serious symptom of Botrytis cinerea in tomatoes grown in greenhouses is stem rotting. Lesions on the stem may result from direct infection or from progression of the rot along infected leaves, until infection approaches the stem. In a set of experiments conducted in commercial greenhouses, an experimental greenhouse and growth chambers, the significance of the two types of stem infections was studied. In non-heated greenhouses most of the stem lesions originated from progression of the pathogen along infected petioles. The rate at which B. cinerea had progressed on infected petioles was 0.3–0.5 cm/day, an average of ca. 6 weeks was needed for a leaf infection to approach the stem. Application of Trichoderma harzianum T39 extended this time by 1–2 weeks and application of chemical fungicides by 3 weeks. Influence of the environment on the progression of B. cinerea along infected petioles was then determined. Within range of 5–30 °C, the higher the temperature, the more rapid was the rate of disease progression. The fungus progressed more rapidly on tomato petioles incubated at high vapour pressure deficit (VPD) rather than at low VPD. The source-sink relationship of the plant governed the rate of B. cinerea progression along the petioles as well: it was more rapid when the source was restricted (by shading) and slower when the sink was restricted (by removal of flowers and small fruits). The possibility that sanitation of infected leaflets would reduce the incidence of stem rotting was examined in two experiments. In plots not treated with a fungicide, the sanitation treatment substantially decreased the incidence of stem lesions and this treatment was as effective as weekly application of chemical fungicides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008690925443
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of carnation cultivars to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi in the field (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 99 (1993), S. 3-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Dianthus caryophyllus ; disease assessment ; host resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The response of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cultivars toFusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi (F.o.d.) was evaluated in an artificially infested field from 1988/9 to 1991/2. Disease incidence was highly correlated with disease severity, indicating that disease incidence may be used to estimate the impact ofF.o.d. on the host. Based on the results, the following stepwise procedure was developed for characterizing the response of carnation cultivars toF.o.d. First, the general response of the tested cultivar was classified as resistant or susceptible on the basis of disease incidence values recorded 180 days after planting. Empirical analysis of the data revealed that a disease incidence level of 75% may be taken as a reliable cut-off point for separation of cultivars into the two groups. Within each group, cultivars were then subjected to a more explicit classification: in the resistant group the records of actual disease incidence were used for classification, while in the susceptible group the linear rearrangement of the disease progress curve was calculated according to the Gompertz function, and the value of the intercept was used for classification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01974780
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