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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 55 (1977), S. 751-757 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Endotoxin ; Gewebsthromboplastin in Leukozyten ; Leukozytenisolierung ; Monozyten ; Endotoxin ; Isolation of leukocytes ; Monocytes ; Tissue thromboplastin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Leukocytes from donor blood were separated by Ficoll/Urovison density centrifugation into granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes. The cell fractions were suspended in a culture medium to which endotoxin of Salmonella enteritidis was added at a final concentration of 10 µg/ml. Endotoxin-stimulated monocytes developed a very high tissue factor (thromboplastin) activity while in granulocytes an only negligible amount of tissue factor activity was detectable. The tissue factor activity measured in the preparation of the lymphocytes can be explained by contamination with monocytes. Electron microscopic studies showed the lysosomes of all monocytes to be enlarged and activated. Only a fraction of the granulocytes appeared degranulated with prominent vacuoles containing inclusion bodies. Possibly the high tissue factor activity of the monocytes triggers the development of the disseminated intravascular coagulation in the Shwartzman phenomenon.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Leukozyten aus Spenderblut wurden durch Dichtegradientenzentrifugation über Ficoll/Urovison in Granulozyten, Lymphozyten und Monozyten aufgetrennt. Den in einem Kulturmedium suspendierten Zellen wurde 10 µg/ml Endotoxin von Salmonella enteritidis über mehrere Stunden zugesetzt. Die Stimulierung mit Endotoxin führte bei den Monozyten zu einer sehr hohen Gewebsthromboplastinfreisetzung, während aus Granulozyten so gut wie kein Thromboplastin freigesetzt wurde. Die in Lymphozyten gemessene Aktivität ist auf eine Monozytenverunreinigung zurückzuführen. Elektronenmikroskopisch wiesen alle Endotoxin- stimulierten Monozyten große, aktivierte Lysosomen auf, während nur bei einem Teil der Granulozyten eine Degranulierung und Vakuolisierung mit Einschlußkörpern zur Beobachtung kam. Die hohe Gewebsthromboplastinfreisetzung Endotoxin-stimulierter Monozyten vermittelt möglicherweise die Auslösung der disseminierten intravasalen Gerinnung beim Shwartzman-Sanarelli Syndrom.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 54 (1976), S. 1011-1019 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hairy cell leukemia ; Hairy cells ; Cytochemistry ; Surface immunoglobulins ; Fc-receptors ; Phagocytosis ; Mitogen stimulation ; E-rosettes ; Haarzell-Leukämie ; Haarzellen ; Cytochemie ; Oberflächenimmunglobuline ; Fc-Rezeptoren ; Phagocytose ; Mitogen-Stimulation ; E-Rosetten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei vier Patienten mit Haarzell-Leukämie wurden die leukämischen Zellen auf das Vorkommen von Oberflächenimmunglobulinen und Fc-Rezeptoren sowie die Stimulierbarkeit mit verschiedenen Mitogenen hin untersucht. Die Analyse dieser Eigenschaften erfolgte mit Hilfe einer kombinierten zytochemisch-radioautographischen Technik, bei der die radioaktiv markierten Zellen durch den Nachweis des Tartrat-resistenten Isoenzyms der sauren Phosphatase als Haarzellen identifiziert werden konnten. Für den Nachweis der Oberflächenimmunglobuline wurden125I-markierte (Fab')2-Fragmente von monospezifischen Antikörpern gegen schwere Immunoglobulinketten verwendet. Bei zwei Patienten wurden auf der Oberfläche der isoenzymhaltigen Zellen μ- und δ-Immunglobulinketten nachgewiesen, die bei einem großen Teil dieser Zellen gleichzeitig auf der Zelloberfläche ausgedrückt waren. Bei einem Patienten zeigten die isoenzymhaltigen Zellen γ- und δ-Ketten und bei einem vierten Patienten nur γ-Ketten. Bei einer Patientin konnten μ- und δ-Ketten nach einer in vitro-Kultur von 14 Tagen in Humanserum-freiem Medium in gleicher Weise nachgewiesen werden wie auf frischen Zellen, was für eine Synthese der Oberflächenimmunglobuline durch die Haarzellen selbst spricht. In der indirekten Immunfluoreszenztechnik wurden die Oberflächenimmunglobuline sehr schnell über einem Zellareal konzentriert, in dem auch Latexpartikel nach der Phagozytose lokalisiert waren. Mit Hilfe von125I-markierten Aggregaten von humanem IgG konnten bei allen vier Patienten Fc-Rezeptoren auf fast 100% der isoenzymhaltigen Zellen nachgewiesen werden. Eine deutliche, wenn auch geringe Stimulation der isoenzymhaltigen Zellen konnte beobachtet werden, wenn die Haarzellen mit Pokeweed-Mitogen oder Lima-Bohnen-Lektin (B- und T-Zell-Mitogene) kultiviert wurden, nicht jedoch, wenn die Stimulation mit Phytohämagglutinin oder Concanavalin-A (T-Zell-Mitogene) erfolgte. Bei keinem der drei untersuchten Patienten bildeten die Haarzellen Spontanrosetten mit Schaferythrozyten.
    Notes: Summary In four patients with hairy cell leukemia the expression of surface immunoglobulins and Fc-receptors on the leukemic cells as well as the stimulation of the leukemic cells by various T- and B-cell mitogens was studied. Using a combined cytochemical radioautographic method the tartrate resistant isoenzyme of the acid phosphatase and immunological markers could be demonstrated simultaneously on single cells. Surface immunoglobulins were detected by125I-labelled (Fab')2-fragments of monospecific anti-heavy-chain-antibodies. In two patients only μ- and δ-determinants were found on the isoenzyme-positive hairy cells; in one patient 86% and in the other 44% of these cells carried both heavy chains on the same cell. Another patient showed both γ-and δ-chains on the isoenzyme-positive cells and the fourth patient γ-chains only. When the hairy cells of one patient were cultured in vitro in human serum-free medium for 14 days, μ- and δ-determinants were found just as on freshly isolated cells suggesting that hairy cells synthesize immunoglobulins. By indirect immunofluorescence the surface-Ig on hairy cells was shown to be capped very rapidly at room temperature. The concentrated surface-Ig was found over that cytoplasmic area where most of the ingested latex particles were located. In addition, using125I-labelled aggregated human IgG (M.W. 5−15×106), Fc-receptors were found on virtually all of the isoenzyme-containing hairy cells in all four patients. Furthermore, a distinct, low-degree stimulation of the isoenzyme-positive hairy cells could be demonstrated when the cells were cultured in the presence of pokeweed mitogen or Lima-bean lectin (B- and T-cell-mitogens), whereas no stimulation was observed by phytohem-agglutinin and concanavalin A (T-cell-mitogens). In three patients studied, isoenzyme-positive hairy cells were negative with regard to rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 481-485 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Systemic lupus erythematosus ; Aplastic anemia ; Adverse drug reaction ; Indoprofen ; Drug specific lymphocyte transformation test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In connective tissue diseases, the differentiation of disease-related hematological aberrations from drug-induced cytotoxic or allergic blood-cell dyscrasias is often difficult. In this paper we report on the positive identification of an indoprofen-induced severe pancytopenia in a multidrug-treated patient with active systemic lupus erythematosus by use of a drug-specific lymphocyte transformation test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 265 (1977), S. 158-160 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The data were obtained with an ADCC system5,6 consisting of cultured melanoma cells as target cells, different preparations of human peripheral blood lymphocytes as effector cells, and anti-melanoma cell antisera obtained from melanoma patients. The cytolytic activity of lymphocytes was measured by ...
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 16 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The proportion of human peripheral T lymphocytes forming rosettes with IgG-coated ox erythrocytes (ORBC) is increased after controlled hypotonie treatment. This increment may be as high as 40% of total T cells, depending on the lymphocyte donor. Such treatment is shown not to result in selective cell loss. Induced rosetting is mediated by a receptor specific for the Fc portion of human IgG (FcγR). Inhibition of induced FcγR activity is equally well accomplished by monomeric and by aggregated IgG of defined size. This is in contrast to the FcγR detected before hypotonie treatment, which is not significantly inhibited by monomeric IgG. Capping studies establish the structural independence of these two types of FcγR in the lymphocyte membrane by virtue of selective cross-linking of cither receptor while leaving the respective counterpart unaffected. The biochemical basis of the hypotonie effect is not yet resolved. However, the data presented suggest that hypotonicity results in removal of FcγR-bound cytophilic IgG. Operationally, we propose the term induced FcγR (FcγR-I) for the here-described new type of receptor with high affinity for monomeric IgG. FcγR that are directly assayable without hypotonie induction and not inhibited by monomeric IgG are termed free FcγR (FcγR-F).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 5 (1976), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An in vitro lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity assay using [3H]proline-labeled target cells is described. The assay, modified from an original procedure of Bean et al., assesses the release of [3H]proline by filtering the total culture fluid containing both trypsinized tumor cells and effector cells. Filtration is performed with a semiautomatic harvesting device using low suction pressure and large-diameter glass filters. Pretreatment of filters with whole serum diminishes adsorption of cell-free radioactive material considerably and thus increases the sensitivity of the assay. Nearly 100% of the radioactivity could be recovered with this harvesting device. The technique allowed the detection of cytolytic activities of lymphocytes after 6 h of incubation. Lymphocytes from patients with primary malignant melanoma showed a significantly higher cytolytic reactivity (P 〈 0.001) than normal donors’ lymphocytes against three different melanoma cell lines. In a series of parallel experiments on 36 patients and IS normal donors, this modification of the [3H]proline test was compared with three different assays: the conventional microcytotoxicity test of Takasugi and Klein, the original [3H]proline microcytotoxicity test of Bean et al., and the viability count of tumor cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The 3H-proline release test was used to measure spontaneous cytolytic activity of lymphocytes (CMC) from 94 melanoma patients after resection of the primary tumor. This assay showing a remarkable sensitivity and reproducibility allowed the detection of a certain disease-related pattern defined as preferential lysis of tumor cells when patients with mammary carcinoma and bladder tumor were tested simultaneously against corresponding tumor cells. This assay was applied to monitor short-term and long-term effects of BCG administered by repeated scarifications to the site of the primary tumor. Short-term changes of CMC occurring after BCG-administration were characterized by a sharp increase in some patients, in others by a decrease of CMC. When cytolytic activity was recorded at 4-week intervals for 6–9 months after BCG application, a distinctly decreasing pattern of CMC was observed in the majority of patients with signs of tumor progression, whereas no tumor progression during the observation period was seen in those patients with increasing CMC patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We describe an improvement of the immunogold technique, which is based on the colour development of silver-intensified immunogold signals. This method (referred to as the coloured-SIG technique) was found to be as sensitive as the silver-intensified immunogold method and more sensitive (in two of the three tested systems) than immunoenzymatic procedures, such as the peroxidase/antiperoxidase technique or the avidin-biotin system. The coloured SIG-method results in either a magneta-red or a cyan-blue final reaction product. Therefore, this new improvement of the immunogold technique should be useful in (1) double-staining methods, (2) immunoblot methods and (3) conventional immunostaining methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Acid phosphatases ; Isoenzyme pattern ; Leukemic blood cells ; Hairy-cell-leukemia ; Saure Phosphatasen ; Isoenzym-Muster ; Leukämische Blutzellen ; Haarzell-Leukämie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die durchschnittlichen Aktivitäten (IE/106 Zellen) der sauren Phosphatasen und die prozentuale Verteilung der Isoenzyme der sauren Phosphatasen wurden aus Lysaten von normalen und leukämischen weißen Blutzellen bestimmt. Bei 4 Patienten mit Haarzell-Leukämie lag der Anteil des Isoenzyms 5 geringfügig über dem der tartratresistenten Zellen. Bei 2 Patienten mit einer fraglichen Haarzell-Leukämie waren deutliche Isoenzym-5-Fraktionen, aber keine tartratresistenten Zellen zu erkennen. Bei einem Patienten mit Haarzell-Leukämie wurde bei einem hohem Anteil tartratresistenter Haarzellen eine auffallend geringere Isoenzym-5-Fraktion gefunden. Diese unterschiedlichen Beziehungen wurden mit der empfindlichen Nachweismethode der Gelelektrophorese und unterschiedlicher Substrataffinität erklärt.
    Notes: Summary The activities of acid phosphatases (AP) were measured in leukocytes from patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), macrophages, granulocytes, in the fractionated mononuclear cells of patients with CML and with hairy-cell-leukemia (HCL) and in the cells from patients with acute leukemia (AL). The lowest activities were found in lymphocytes of normal subjects and of patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) and in thrombocytes. Isoenzyme (IsE) l was characteristic for thymocytes, IsE 2 for granulocytes, IsE 3 for pathologic blast-cells, lymphocytes and thrombocytes, IsE 4 for macrophages, IsE 5 with components a and b for the mononuclear fraction of patients with HCL. In addition IsE5 was detected in lymphocytes, macrophages and CLL-cells. In 4 patients with HCL the relative percentage of IsE-5-fraction was slightly greater than the percentage of tartrate resistant cells. In two patients with questionable HCL well marked IsE-5-fractions were recognized but no tartrate resistant cells. In one patient with HCL a relatively high percentage of tartrate resistant hairy-cells and in comparison an inadäquate low IsE-5-fraction was found. These different relations were explained with the more sensitive method of gelelectrophoresis and different affinity of substrates to AP.
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