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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Geochemistry ; Porosity ; Radioactivity ; Radon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  A steady radon exhalation is assumed in most publications. In a village of North-East Hungary, however, high radon concentrations have been measured, differing strongly in neighbouring houses and varying in time, due to the interplay of geochemical phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 9 (1987), S. 1303-1312 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Mössbauer effect ; other γ-ray spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Alcuni schemi promettenti proposti per estendere il campo dei laser alle regioni dei raggi X e dei raggi gamma sono quelli che coinvolgono una transizione da uno stato eccitato nucleare a vita lunga. Mentre gli stati metastabili permettono la creazione delle condizioni per l’inversione della popolazione, essi danno luogo anche ai problemi dovuti alla ristrettezza dell’ampiezza della linea attesa. Si discute l’ampiezza di linea della radiazione dovuta alle transizioni gamma tra gli stati eccitati e si deduce una relazione corretta per la sezione d’urto in questo caso. Si deducono i criteri per scegliere un isotopo appropriato dalla sezione d’urto corretta, mostrando che i problemi che derivano dalla ristrettezza dell’ampiezza di linea si possono evitare in una transizione da uno stato isomerico a uno stato eccitato piú basso a vita breve, nel qual caso l’ampiezza di linea della radiazione si determina totalmente dalla larghezza dello stato eccitato piú basso.
    Abstract: Резюме Были предложены обнадеживающие схемы для расширения области лазеров в рентгеновскую и гамма-области. Эти схемы вкяючают переход из долгоживущего ядерного возбужденного состояния. Так как метастабильные состояния допускают создание условий для инверсной заселенности, то они также приводят к проблемам, обусловленным узостью ожидаемой ширины линии. Мы обсуждаем ширину линии излучения, обусловленную гамма-переходами между возбужденными состояниями и выводим соотношение для поперечного сечения в этом случае. Выводятся критерии для выбора соответствующего изотопа из полученного поперечного сечения. Показывается, что проблемы, связанные с узостью ширины линии, можно обойти в случае перехода из изомерного состояния в низшее короткоживущее возбужденное состояние, причем в этом случае ширина линии излучения полностью определяется шириной низшего возбужденного состояния.
    Notes: Summary Some promising schemes proposed for extending the range of lasers to the X-ray and gamma-ray regions are those involving a transition from a long-lived nuclear excited state. While metastable states allow the creation of conditions for population inversion, they also give rise to problems due to the narrowness of the expected line width. We discuss the line width of the radiation due to gamma transitions between excited states and derive a corrected relation for the cross-section in this case. Criteria for choosing an appropriate isotope are deduced from the corrected crosssection, showing that the problems derived from the narrowness of the line width can be avoided in a transition from an isomeric state to a lower short-lived excited state in which case the line width of the radiation is totally determined by the breadth of the lower excited state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 49 (1994), S. 941-945 
    ISSN: 0584-8547
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 48 (1993), S. 247-253 
    ISSN: 0584-8547
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B 71 (1992), S. 484-488 
    ISSN: 0168-583X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: 307 (1991), S. 491-496 
    ISSN: 0168-9002
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 213 (1996), S. 317-330 
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract For the public, indoor radon is the main source of exposure from ionizing radiation. Radon gas originates from the radioactive decay chain of uranium deposited in rocks or in building materials. In the reviews mostly a rather steady radon exhalation has been assumed. In a village of North-East Hungary, however, high radon concentrations have been measured, differing strongly in neighbouring houses and varying in time, due to the interplay of several geochemical phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 241 (1999), S. 69-73 
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The concentrations of40K,226Ra,232Th and137Cs were determined in the upper layers of soils in the central coastal region of Venezuela. The activities of137Cs are higher in the areas where the forest is well developed, oriented towards the wind and at higher elevations. The origin of the137Cs deposition is from water input from the clouds directly in the cloudforest and rainfall from the northeast trade winds. Even though the values of137Cs are much higher in these areas, there is little or no significant increase in the health risk. The natural radioactivity is correlated with the geology in the region except in the area of Urama. The values for the natural radiation background are as follows: for potassium between 1–3%, for radium between 1–3 ppm and for thorium the range was 6–39 ppm. The corresponding amounts of absorbed dose rates in air, the exposure rates and the annual effective dose equivalents are in the following ranges respectively: 11–39 pGy/s, 4–16 uR/h and 0.25–0.86 mSv/y. The annual effective dose equivalents include the contribution of the global average (2.57 mSv/y) of the rest of the natural sources of radiation. Finally, the largest natural radioactivity background, was found near Chichiriviche as a result of the massive granite deposits in this area, but again there is no significant health risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 22 (1993), S. 362-367 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Concentrates extracted from a lateritic mineral deposit were analysed for their rare earth (RE) content by energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. The L emission lines of the lanthanides were excited with the 22.1 keV Ag K radiation from an annular Cd-109 radioisotope source. The problem of the extensive overlap of the L lines were solved by the AXIL program for deconvolution of XRF spectra. Individual REs were quantified by preparing semi-transparent pellets of the concentrate with starch which served as dilutant and binder. This allowed correction for sample absorption with the light matrix program of the QXAS analysis package based on the fundamental parameter method. The method allowed the simultaneous determination of 12 rare earths contained in the sample, with a reproducibility of 2.0-29% and accuracy in the range 1.5-24% relative error without the use of standard materials. Detection limits achieved were in the range of 340 ppm for the heavy REs and 4000 ppm for the light REs.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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