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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of glycosaminoglycans in periodontal ligament during physiological and experimental tooth movement (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 31 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Localization of chondroitin sulphates in periodontal ligaments (PDL) of rat molar roots during physiological and experimental tooth movement were analysed immunohistochemically with the use of monoclonal antibodies, 3B3 and 2B6, specific to chondroitin 6-sulphate (CH-6S) and chondroitin 4-sulphate/dermatan sulphate(CH-4S/DS), respectively. The maxillary first molars of experimental animals were forced to move laterally with a 10 g weight by U-shaped wires for 3 and 7 d. In control animals, 3B3 epitope was seen in the PDL near to the bone surface facing the distal half of roots, which corresponded to the compressive side during physiological tooth movement. Immunoreactivity for 2B6 was weak or negative in the PDL. Both epitopes were present at osteoid, precementum, lacunae and canaliculli of osteocytes and cementocytes. In 3-d-treated animals, the early stage of hyalinization characterized with visible cells and fibres was observed in the PDL at the buccal side of the mesial root, which showed intense immunoreactivity for 3B3. Further 3B3 positive area seen in control animals changed its position from the distal to the buccal side of the PDL. Immunoreactivity for 2B6 did not change in the PDL of 3-d-treated animals. In 7-d-treated animals, the typical hyalinization characterized with no visible cells and fibres was seen in the PDL at the buccal sides of both mesial and disto-buccal roots, where both epitopes were present at the peripheral part of the tissue. Observation of serial sections suggested that the 3B3-positive area was present at the peripheral part of the 2B6-positive area. The present results suggest that the expression of CH-6S is related to the compressive force in non-hyalinized and hyalinized PDL, whereas that of CH-4S/ DS is not influenced by the mechanical stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1996.tb00487.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time and position-specific expression of glycosaminoglycans in rat molar cementum related to physiological tooth movement (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 30 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans during cementogenesis is not known. In this study, we have analysed the temporal and spacial expression of GAGs in the cellular cementum of 10–30 weeks old rats, immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies 2B6 and 3B3, specific for chondroitin 4-sulfate/dermatan sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate, respectively. Both 2B6-and 3B3-epitopes were expressed at similar position and time in the rat cellular cementum. Two types of cellular cementum were identified; GAG-positve and GAG-negative cementum. The former corresponded to the lightly stained and the latter to the darkly stained cementum in sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin. The GAG-positive cementum was seen at the distal side of dentine surface and appeared most thick at middle of the apical half roots, whereas the other parts of the cementum were the GAG-negative. Distribution of GAG-positive cementum showed changes with age of animals. In 10–15 week old rats, the GAG-positive cementum occupied most of the cementum layer, covering a thin layer of the GAG-negative cementum. The cellular cementum of 20–30 week old rats consisted of three layers; GAG-negative, GAG-positive and GAG-negative cementum from dentine to cementum surface, reducing the GAG-positive area. Because our previous study has demonstrated that the lightly stained cementum is uncalcified, the present result suggests a correlation between calcification and contents of GAGs in the cellular cementum. Further, time- and position-specific expression of GAGs indicates their relation to the physiological tooth movement, which has been known in the rat molars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1995.tb02135.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of osteocalcin in cementoblasts forming acellular cementum (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 32 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To determine the phenotypic expression of cementoblasts responsible for acellular cementum, an immunohistochemical study was performed using a polyclonal antibody raised against the aminoterminal peptide of rat osteocalcin (OC). Maxillary first molars of Wistar male rats aged 2 and 3 wk were used for observations. Serial sections of decalcified paraffin embedded specimens were stained either with hematoxylin and eosin or with the anti-OC antibody. In 2-wk-old rats, apical roots were lined with the epithelial root sheath. A thin layer of acellular cementum was seen at most of the root surface, but was not seen near to root apex. In 3-wk-old rats, cellular cementum began to be formed at root apex, and acellular cementum became more thick than in 2-wk-old rats. Acellular and cellular cementum were lined with the fibroblast-like cells. Osteocalcin staining was detected in cells lining root surface in both 2- and 3-wk-old rats. Almost all cells lining cellular cementum were positive for OC. In contrast OC positive cells lining acellular cementum and root surface devoid of cementum appeared at a specific site of the root. The cells at the interradicular area of root surface were positive but the cells at the outer area (the opposite side of the interradicular area) were negative for OC. Osteoblasts and odontoblasts were positive with the antibody. The present results suggest that the OC expression of cementoblasts forming acellular cementum is similar to that of cells forming cellular cementum as well as osteoblasts and odontoblasts, and has a role for calcification of acellular cementum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1997.tb00534.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mobile computerized laser radar system for observing rapidly varying meteorological phenomena (1980)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 159-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A high repetition, mobile laser radar system with a computerized real-time data acquisition and display system is described. Signal-to-noise levels of the system are compared with theoretical values, and it is found that they are affected by the shot noise in the system. An example of a stack plume observation is also presented to show the performance of the system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619559
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Confocal microscopy of dentinal tubules in human tooth stained with alizarin red (1999)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 199 (1999), S. 233-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Dentinal tubules ; Human dentine ; Alizarin red ; Fluorescence microscopy ; Confocal microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The present study was designed to analyze the structures of dentinal tubules by confocal microscopy. Undecalcified ground sections of human teeth were stained with alizarin red in 0.1% KOH aqueous solution, and examined by confocal microscopy. Alizarin red stained dentinal tubules, interglobular dentine, granular layer of Tomes, and the surface of dentine. Interglobular dentine was seen between the outer and middle layers of coronal dentine. At the outer layer of coronal dentine, the dentinal tubules were thin and showed numerous branches. At the middle layer of coronal dentine, dentinal tubules displayed two types. The type I tubules are the dentinal tubules that do not show any nodular structures and the type II tubules are the dentinal tubules that appear bamboo-like with many nodules. In the cross section through the type II tubules, the nodules appeared as fine circular tubules surrounding the dentinal tubules. The circular tubules of nodules adhered to one side of the dentinal tubules. When the fluorescence images were compared with the images taken by transmission light mode, the fluorescence of dentinal tubules was seen at the inner surface of dentinal tubules, and the fluorescence of nodules was seen at interface between peritubular and intertubular dentine. Most of the dentinal tubules were of the type II tubules in the teeth from older individuals, whereas the type II tubules were scarce in the teeth from younger individuals. At the inner layer of coronal dentine, the dentinal tubules have no nodules and branches were scarce. The dentinal tubules of radicular dentine were different from those of coronal dentine. Most of the dentinal tubules were the type I tubules. Numerous fine branches were seen at the outer and middle layers of radicular dentine. No interglobular dentine was seen in the root except at the cervical part, and the granular layer of Tomes was also positive with alizarin red. At the cervical part of the root, interglobular dentine was present and the dentinal tubules displayed types I and II.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050224
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Type X collagen is not localized in hypertrophic or calcified cartilage in the developing rat trachea (1998)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 197 (1998), S. 399-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Immunohistochemistry ; Permanent cartilage ; Calcification ; von Kossa staining ; Endochondral ossification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Our previous studies have shown that rat tracheal chondrocytes become larger and hypertrophic, and that the cartilage matrix calcifies during development. Type X collagen is a short collagen molecule identified in hypertrophic and calcified cartilage in the growth plate of long bones during endochondral ossification. The present study was designed to investigate the distribution of type X collagen in rat tracheal cartilage during development before and after hypertrophization and calcification. Tracheas from postnatal Wistar rats, newborn, and at 4, 8 and 10 weeks were fixed along with hind limbs from newborn rats. Serial sections were made and adjacent sections were processed for von Kossa staining or immunohistochemistry for type X collagen. In addition, the immunoreactivity to type II collagen was examined as a control. The anti-type X collagen antibody stained hypertrophic and/or calcified cartilage in the newborn rat tibia. The immunoreaction for type X collagen was localized in the uncalcified peripheral region of tracheal cartilage in 4, 8 and 10-week-old rats. In contrast, the anti-type X collagen antibody did not show immunoreactivity to hypertrophic or calcified cartilage in the central region of the 10-week-old rat tracheal cartilage. The present study has suggested that type X collagen is not involved in hypertrophization of chondrocytes or calcification of the matrix in developing rat tracheal cartilage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050151
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Confocal microscopy of Tomes’ granular layer in dog premolar teeth (2000)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 201 (2000), S. 131-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Tomes’ granular layer ; Dog’s teeth ; Basic fuchsin ; Calcein and alizarin red S ; Eosin Fluorescence ; Confocal microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Tomes’ granular layer is the hypomineralized area of radicular dentin, but knowledge concerning it is limited. The present study was designed to investigate the structural characteristics of Tomes’ granular layer in the dog’s teeth by confocal microscopy. Permanent premolars of four beagles, two at 7 months and the other two at 14 months of age, were used for observation. During premolar root formation, the 7-month-old dogs were injected with calcien and alizarin red S for vital staining of dentin, and ground sections of the teeth were prepared. Both ground and decalcified-paraffin sections were made from the teeth of the 14-month-old dogs and stained with basic fuchsin or with hematoxylin and eosin. All sections were examined by fluorescence and confocal microscopy. In the ground sections, granules of Tomes’ layer and dentinal tubules were stained with basic fuchsin and with calcein. The granules of Tomes’ layer stained with calcein were seen only near the labeling lines by calcein. The granules of Tomes’ layer appeared as bright spots in cross sections, and as lines in longitudinal sections. When the sections were cut tangentially through the surface of dentin, the granules of Tomes’ layer showed a reticular structure. Most of the dentinal tubules were seen to pass between the granules and terminated in the dentin-cementum junction. Looped tubules were not found in this area. In the paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, extracellular matrix of dentin showed fluorescence of various intensities and dentinal tubules appeared dark. At the surface of the radicular dentin, the granules of Tomes’ layer appeared as fluorescent fibers running parallel to the surface of dentin in the longitudinal sections. The fibers appeared as bright spots in the cross sections and as a mesh in the tangential sections. In the periodontal ligament, collagen fibers showed intense fluorescence, whereas most cells were negative. From these results we conclude that Tomes’ granular layer of dog’s teeth may be the collagen fiber bundles that remained uncalcified or hypocalcified within the radicular dentin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008233
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-related changes in the localization of glycosaminoglycans in condylar cartilage of the mandible in rats (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 194 (1996), S. 489-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Temporomandibular joint ; Immunohistochemistry ; Proteoglycan ; Aging ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There is little information available regarding the morphological and biomolecular characteristics of mandibular condylar cartilage. The purpose of this study was to determine the age-related changes in the morphology and immunolocalization of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in mandibular condyles. The mandibular condylar cartilages from 4-, 8-, 16-, 32-, and 64-week-old Wistar male rats were examined to verify the localization of chondroitin-4-sulfate (Ch-4S), chondroitin-6-sulfate (Ch-6S) and keratan sulfate (KS) using an indirect immunofluorescent technique with three monoclonal antibodies for glycosaminoglycans, 2-B-6, 3-B-3 and 5-D-4, respectively. Morphologically, the condylar cartilage was a growth cartilage during growing periods, began to differentiate into articular cartilage from the central area of 16-week-old condyles, and became mature articular cartilage at 32 weeks of age. A regional difference was found in the morphological features and distribution of GAGs between the anterior, central, postero-superior and posterior areas of the condyles at each age. The immunohistochemical localizations of these three glycosaminoglycans showed age-related, morphology-dependent changes, from growth cartilage to articular cartilage-like cartilage. Immunoreactions for all of the antibodies decreased progressively with age in the interterritorial matrix, while the pericellular and territorial matrix in the condylar cartilage of the mandible maintained relatively higher immunoreactivity. In conclusion, age-related and regional differences in the localization of glycosaminoglycans Ch-4S, Ch-6S, and KS were found in the mandibular condyles in rats, and these changes are believed to be related to functional and developmental requirements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185995
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of major bone extracellular matrix proteins during embryonic osteogenesis in rat mandibles (2000)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 202 (2000), S. 31-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Bone ; Calcification ; Type I collagen ; Noncollagenous proteins ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  It is not known how bone proteins appear in the matrix before and after calcification during embryonic osteogenesis. The present study was designed to investigate expressions of the five major bone extracellular matrix proteins – i.e. type I collagen, osteonectin, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin – during osteogenesis in rat embryonic mandibles immunohistochemically, and their involvement in calcification demonstrated by von Kossa staining. Wistar rat embryos 14 to 18 days post coitum were used. Osteogenesis was not seen in 14-day rat embryonic mandibles. Type I collagen was localized in the uncalcifed bone matrix in 15-day mandibles, where no other bone proteins showed immunoreactivity. Osteonectin, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin appeared almost simultaneously in the calcified bone matrix of 16-day mandibles and accumulated continuously in 18-day mandibles. The present study suggested that type I collagen constitutes the basic framework of the bone matrix upon which the noncollagenous proteins are oriented to lead to calcification, whereas the noncollagenous proteins are deposited simultaneously by osteoblasts and are involved in calcification cooperatively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008242
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