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Digitale Medien

Analysis of failure mechanisms in electrically stressed Au nanowires (1999)

Durkan, C. ; Schneider, M. A. ; Welland, M. E.

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 1280-1286

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ISSN: 1089-7550

Quelle: AIP Digital Archive

Thema: Physik

Notizen: An analysis of polycrystalline Au thin film interconnects of widths ranging from 850 to 25 nm, and lengths ranging from 1.0 μm to 20 nm which have been electrically stressed to the point of failure is presented. For the longer wires (widths 60–850 nm), the failure current density is typically found to be 1012 A m−2, essentially independent of the wire width, and then rapidly approaching zero for thinner wires. For the wider wires, failure occurs at the end towards the negative electrode; for narrow wires, failure tends to occur towards the center of the wire, as observed using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The mean time to failure for fixed current density is seen to decrease with decreasing wire width. The failure current density for a given wire width increases as the length decreases. An analysis of the temperature profile based on calculations of a simple model is presented which shows that this width-dependent behavior of narrow lines is not anticipated from the assumption of a homogeneous line subject to thermally-assisted electromigration alone. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370882

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Digitale Medien

Current transport through single grain boundaries: A scanning tunneling potentiometry study (1996)

Schneider, M. A. ; Wenderoth, M. ; Heinrich, A. J. ; [weitere]

Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 1327-1329

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ISSN: 1077-3118

Quelle: AIP Digital Archive

Thema: Physik

Notizen: Spatial variations of the local electric fields in current-carrying thin gold films were studied with a scanning tunneling microscope on a nanometer scale. With a refined potentiometry technique we resolved potential steps at grain boundaries and investigated the potential gradients within each grain. These gradients are caused by nonlocal background scattering of the conduction electrons and are used to measure the local current density. We determine the reflectivity of an individual grain boundary without invoking an averaging procedure over the whole film. We find that the reflectivity of grain boundaries varies between R=0.7 and 0.9 and depends on their orientation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117583

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Digitale Medien

Scanning tunneling microscopy of the atomic structure of the GaAs (110) surface at reduced tip sample separation (1997)

Heinrich, A. J. ; Wenderoth, M. ; Rosentreter, M. A. ; [weitere]

Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 449-451

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ISSN: 1077-3118

Quelle: AIP Digital Archive

Thema: Physik

Notizen: A scanning tunneling microscope was used to study the GaAs (110) surface at small tip-sample distances of about 2–3 Å. Atomically resolved images in this new mode referred to as near contact imaging mode revealed corrugation maxima both on the As and on the Ga surface sites at one sample voltage. These dual atom images differ significantly from the simultaneously measured conventional filled-state images at larger tunneling gap widths of 4–9 Å which show the As sublattice only. We interpret the dual atom images in terms of local tip induced modifications of the electronic surface states. These modifications are dragged along the surface with the scanning movement of the tip. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118314

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Digitale Medien

More failures of uncemented acetabular screw-rings than of cemented polyethylene cups in total hip arthroplasties (1999)

Volkmann, R. ; Schneider, M. A. ; Bretschneider, C. ; [weitere]

Springer

International orthopaedics 23 (1999), S. 138-139

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ISSN: 1432-5195

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Medizin

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Présentation d’une étude prospective de 498 arthroplasties totale de la hanche. Dans 329 cas, une cupule en polyéthylène cimentée a été utilesée. Dans 169 cas, un cotyle sans ciment vissé a été utilisé. 90% des patients ont été suivis 6 à 8 ans. Parmi les 169 cupules vissées, 11 sont descellées et 8 ont dûêtre révisées (4,7%). Il n’y a que 2 descellements des cupules cimentées qui ont dûêtre révisés (0,6%).

Notizen: Abstract The results of 498 total hip arthroplasties were prospectively studied. In 329 patients a cemented acetabular polyethylene cup was inserted. In 169 patients a threaded socket without cement was introduced. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 8 years and follow-up rate was over 90%. Of the 169 threaded sockets 8 required revision (4.7%), and 3 acetabular components were seen to be loose on X-ray. Of the cemented cups, only 2 (0.6%) required revision and none were considered loose on X-ray.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002640050330

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Digitale Medien

Stellenwert des „non-contact Mapping” bei ventrikulären Tachykardien (2000)

Schneider, M. A. E. ; Schmitt, C.

Springer

Herzschrittmachertherapie & Elektrophysiologie 11 (2000), S. 40-46

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ISSN: 1435-1544

Schlagwort(e): Key words Ablation – ventricular tachycardia – non-contact mapping ; Schlüsselwörter Ablation – Kammertachykardie – non-contact Mapping

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Medizin

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Das non-contact Mapping System (EnSite, Endocardial Solution) ermöglicht durch ein 3D Isopotential Mapping die simultane, räumliche Erfassung myokardialer Depolarisation. Die Analyse von ventrikulären Einzelschlägen und instabilen Kammerarrhythmien ist möglich. Die Anwendung des Systems im Vergleich zu anderen Mapping Methoden wird diskutiert. Der derzeitige Stellenwert des non-contact Mapping bei ventrikulären Tachykardien ist noch nicht sicher bestimmbar. Inwieweit das System sich bisherigen konventionellen Ansätzen überlegen zeigt und eine möglicherweise nur adjuvante Therapieform in eine kurative überführt, muß in weiteren Studien gegebenenfalls unter Verwendung neuer Ablationstechniken gezeigt werden.

Notizen: Summary The non-contact mapping device (Ensite, Endocardial Solution) enables a simultaneous, spatial detection of the myocardial depolarization. An isopotential map is visualized in the 3D reconstruction of the cardiac chamber. The analysis of ventricular premature beats and unstable ventricular arrhythmias is possible. The current article discusses the use of the non-contact mapping device for ablation of ventricular tachycardias (VT) compared to other approaches. Yet, further prospective studies with concomitant use of new advanced ablation technologies are necessary to prove the system‘s ability in increasing the efficacy of VT ablation as a curative therapy.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003990050078

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