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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 11 (1985), S. 259-263 
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: K+-channels ; patch-clamp ; heart
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Studies on single K+-channel currents recorded from isolated rat heart muscle cells, in which early repolarization is known to be exceptionally fast, are reported here. A K+-channel which is blocked by TEA (tetraethylammonium) from the inside only has been found. The total open time of the channel, measured in steady-state after activation, indicated outward rectifying properties. The single channel conductance increases with depolarization from 25 pS at-70 mV to 75 pS at+70 mV. Selectivity of the channel has also been measured and it was found that only Rb+ and K+ can permeate the channel, whereas the permeability (P) for Li+, Na+, Cl-, Mg2+, and Ca2+ is less than 0.05 times $${\text{P}}_{{\text{K}}^{\text{ + }} } $$ . Ba2+ and Cs+ block the channel activity. These results clearly demonstrate the existence of K+-selective outward rectifying conductance pathways in rat ventricular myocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 986 (1989), S. 172-186 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: ATX II ; Cardiac muscle ; S-DPI 201-106 ; Sodium ion channel ; Toxin ; Veratridine
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 901 (1987), S. 273-282 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (Rat) ; Anemonia sulcata toxin II ; Cardiac sodium channel ; Cardiomyocyte ; Patch-clamp ; Sodium current ; Toxin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 1104 (1992), S. 233-242 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (Heart) ; (Rat ventricular myocyte) ; Brevetoxin ; Patch clamp ; Sodium ion channel
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Theoretical Biology 151 (1991), S. 141-143 
    ISSN: 0022-5193
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Patch clamp ; Phorbol ester ; Protein kinase C (PKC) ; RNA expression ; Sodium channel modulation ; Xenopus laevis
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 302 (1992), S. 21-25 
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Inactivation kinetics ; Potassium channel ; Single-channel analysis ; Xenopus oocyte ; cDNA expression
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 97 (1980), S. 137-144 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: α-Ketoglutarat ; Citrat ; Succinat ; Malat Glutamat ; Yoshida Sarcom ; Tumorträger ; Leber ; Skelettmuskel ; Gastrocnemius ; Blut ; Wirt ; α-Ketoglutarate ; Citrate ; Succinate ; Malate ; Glutamate ; Yoshida sarcoma ; Tumor bearer ; Liver ; Skeletal muscle ; Gastrocnemius ; Blood ; Host
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary To elucidate the origin of increased concentrations of α-ketoglutarate (KG) in tumor bearers the tissue distribution of KG together with the related metabolites citrate, succinate, malate, and glutamate was determined in tumor, liver, gastrocnemius muscle, and blood of rats bearing the solid Yoshida sarcoma and of tumor-free rats. The sum of these metabolites was significantly increased in host liver and blood, respectively, compared with the corresponding tissues of normal rats. Among single metabolites glutamate and malate were significantly increased in host liver. The absolute concentrations were highest in host liver with the exception of KG, which was highest in the tumor. This was taken as indicative for the tumor as the prime source of increased KG in blood of tumor-bearers. No significant metabolic deviations were found in gastrocnemius muscle. The concentration of KG in this muscle of both normal and host animals correlated significantly with that of glutamate. In the tumor the concentration of KG correlated significantly with that of citrate plus succinate plus malate. This type of correlation was absent in liver and muscle of both normal and host animals. Moreover, no correlation existed between KG and glutamate either in liver or in tumor. It was suggested that the metabolic flux through the citric acid cycle determines the concentration of KG in the tumor.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Untersuchung der Ursache der erhöhten α-Ketoglutarat (KG) Konzentration in Tumorträgern wurde die Konzentration des KG sowie der Metaboliten Citrat, Succinat, Malat und Glutamat in Tumor, Leber, Gastrocnemius-Muskel und Blut von tumorfreien und Ratten, die das solide Yoshida Sarcom trugen, untersucht. Die Summe dieser Metaboliten war in der Leber und im Blut von Tumorträgern signifikant erhöht gegenüber den entsprechenden Geweben gesunder Ratten Unter den einzelnen Metaboliten waren Glutamat und Malat in der Wirtsleber signifikant erhöht. Die absoluten Konzentrationen waren jeweils in der Wirtsleber am höchsten, mit Ausnahme des KG, dessen Konzentration im Tumor am höchsten war. Es wurde geschlossen, daß die Erhöhung der KG Konzentration im Blut von Tumorträgern hauptsächlich auf den Tumor selbst zurückzuführen ist. Im Gastrocnemius-Muskel wurden keine signifikanten Stoffwechselveränderungen beobachtet. Die Konzentration des KG in diesem Muskel sowohl von gesunden als auch von Wirtstieren korrelierte signifikant mit jener des Glutamats. Im Tumor korrelierte die KG Konzentration signifikant mit der Summe der Konzentrationen von Citrat, Succinat und Malat. Diese Art der Korrelation war in der Leber und im Muskel gesunder und tumortragender Tiere nicht gegeben. Weiteres wurde weder in der Leber noch im Tumor eine Korrelation zwischen KG und Glutamat beobachtet. Diese Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, daß der metabolische Fluß durch den Citrat-Zyklus bestimmend ist für die Konzentration des KG im Tumor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 97 (1980), S. 285-293 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Yoshida sarcoma ; Tumor-bearing host ; Branched-chain amino acids ; l-leucine ; l-isoleucine ; l-valine ; Excretion of α-ketoglutarate ; Urea ; Creatinine ; Uric acid ; Nitrogen balance ; Food consumption ; Survival time ; Carcass protein ; Gastrocnemius muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The continuous administration of physiological doses of the branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine (Leu-Ile-Val) to Yoshida sarcoma-bearing rats caused a significant increase in the survival time by 32% and a significant reduction of tumor size after 3 weeks of growth by 33%. The shift of the nitrogen balance to negative values during the cachectic stage was delayed but not prevented. On the average, less nitrogen (-47 mg/day) were lost by Leu-Ile-Val treated rats compared with untreated tumor-bearing animals (-91 mg N/day). It appeared that Leu-Ile-Val increased the synthesis of carcass proteins, while it left the proteolysis rate unchanged, since the excretion of urea and creatinine was unaffected by these amino acids. The daily excretion of α-ketoglutarate, which is correlated with tumor size during the early stage of growth, was decreased during the first 2 weeks by Leu-Ile-Val, but remained for a longer period on a high level than in untreated tumor bearers. The results point to an improvement of the metabolic resistance against carcass protein depletion of the tumor-bearing host by the administration of branched-chain amino acids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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