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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 109 (1996), S. 29-33 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Monocyte/macrophage system ; Wound age ; Macrophage subtyping ; Macrophage differentiation antigen ; Drug abuse ; Injection lesions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract Determination of the age of injection marks in skin may be of particular interest in the investigation of drug abuse-related fatalities. The aim of our study was to assess the value of macrophage subtyping by antibodybased markers in the determination of the age of injection marks. Immunohistochemical investigations were performed with the antibodies Ki-MIP, 27E10, MRP14, MRP8 and 25F9. Monocytes/macrophages in acute lesions (several hours to 2 days old) expressed proteins detectable with the antibodies 27E10 and MRP14 and showed acute erythrophagia. An additional reaction with the antibody MRP8 was seen in lesions a few days old. An antigen recognized by the antibody 25F9 was found in tissue macrophages, multinucleated giant cells of active granulomas and siderophages. The expression of the 25F9 detectable antigen was absent in inactive granulomas and siderophages, whereas the macrophages were always detectable with the pan-macrophage marker Ki-M1P.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rechtsmedizin 8 (1998), S. 123-129 
    ISSN: 1434-5196
    Keywords: Key words Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Prion protein ; Dementia ; Decontamination ; Cornea transplantation ; Schlüsselwörter Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Erkrankung ; Prionprotein ; Demenz ; Bundesseuchengesetz ; Dekontamination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Krankheit, die in 90% der Fälle sporadisch auftritt, aber auch durch Mutationen im Prionproteingen bedingt sein kann, die familiären Erkrankungen Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker-Syndrom und die tödliche familiäre Schlaflosigkeit (FFI, fatal familial insomnia) sowie die historische Kuru-Krankheit werden als Prionerkrankungen des Menschen zusammengefaßt. Zusammen mit vergleichbaren Erkrankungen im Tierreich (Scrapie, BSE u. a.) handelt es sich um prinzipiell übertragbare, zum Tode führende neurodegenerative Erkrankungen des ZNS, die durch die Trias spongiforme Veränderung des Neuropils, Gliose und Nervenzellverlust gekennzeichnet sind und beschreibend als spongiforme Enzephalopathien bezeichnet werden. Pathophysiologisch wird in einem bislang ungeklärten autokatalytischen Prozeß das physiologisch in Nervenzellen vorkommende, membranständige Prionprotein in seiner Tertiärstruktur verändert. Diese sogenannte Scrapie-Isoform des Prionprotein (PrPSc) ist kaum abbaubar, akkumuliert im Gehirn und ist im Sinne der Prionhypothese Teil des infektiösen Agens oder gar mit diesem identisch. Im zeitlichem und räumlichem Zusammenhang mit der Rinder-Krankheit BSE ist eine neue, durch ihr Läsionsmuster im Gehirn von allen anderen Prionerkrankungen abgrenzbare Variante der Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Erkrankung bei Menschen aufgetreten und hat eine Diskussion über die Übertragbarkeit der BSE durch Lebensmittel ausgelöst.
    Notes: Abstract Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a fatal transmissible neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of protease-resistant prion protein (PrPSc) in the central nervous system (CNS). The disease occurs worldwide with a frequency of one case per million inhabitants per year. The definite diagnosis relies on histological or biochemical investigation of brain tissue. Pathological hallmarks are spongiform changes of the neuropil, gliosis and nerve cell loss. Clinically the disease is characterized by rapidly progressive dementia and the involvement of different neurological systems such as cerebellar ataxia, visual impairment, pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs of varying severity. In the late stage, myocloni and characteristic periodic sharp waves in the electroencephalogram are often seen. CJD occurs sporadically in 90% of cases. In 10% it is caused by a mutation in the prion protein gene (PRNP). Other familial prion diseases are the Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS) and fatal familial insomnia (FFI). This article gives a short overview of the current pathophysiological concept of the prion diseases, clinical and diagnostical aspects, the new variant CJD and its connection to BSE. It proposes safety rules for autopsy and decontamination and points out new forensic aspects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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