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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Prion protein ; Intracellular accumulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Amyloid plaques in Creutzfeldt-Jakob discase, kuru, and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome are known to contain an abnormal isoform of a cellular protein, the prion protein (PrP). The prion protein in its normal cellular isoform is a membranebound glycoprotein of unknown function. The mechanisms causing a modification of PrP and accumulation in amyloid plaques are unknown. Here we present a case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with widespread deposition of immunohistochemically labeled PrP in the internal granular layer of the cerebellum. Immunohistochemically labeled PrP was deposited in delicate granules, which often were associated with cellular processes or the cytoplams of undefined cells, or diffusely deposited in the neuropil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words NBIA type 1 ; Hallervorden-Spatz ; syndrome ; α-synuclein ; Lewy body
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied a 27-year-old woman who died after a 6-year history of progressive dementia, dystonia, ataxia, apraxia, spasticity, choreoathetosis, visual and auditory hallucinations, and optic atrophy. Magnetic resonance imaging showed decreased intensity in the globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and dentate nuclei in T2-weighted images, supporting the clinical diagnosis of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation type 1 (NBIA-1; formerly known as Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome). At autopsy the brain showed mild frontotemporal atrophy and discoloration of the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra pars reticularis. Histologically, features typical of NBIA-1 were found including widespread axonal spheroids and large deposits of iron pigment in the discolored regions. Additionally, excessive numbers of Lewy bodies (LBs) were found throughout all examined brain stem and cortical regions. LBs of both types, as well as Lewy neurites in this case of NBIA-1, were strongly labeled by antibodies against α-synuclein. These findings give further evidence that accumulation of α-synuclein is generally associated with LB formation, i.e., in Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and NBIA-1. The case presented here is particularly notable for its high number of LBs in all areas of the cerebral cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 73 (1987), S. 138-144 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Giant axonal neuropathy ; Intermediate filaments ; Rosenthal fibers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a disease characterized by a slowly progressive neuropathy and signs of central involvement, manifested by visual impairment, corticospinal tract dysfunction, ataxia, and dementia. Pathological hallmarks of the disease include axonal swellings packed with neurofilaments in both peripheral and central nervous systems, and accumulations of intermediate filaments in Schwann cells, fibroblasts, melanocytes, endothelial, and Langerhans cells. Rosenthal fibers, sometimes appearing in masses and mimicking Alexander's disease, emerge as a conspicuous characteristic in longstanding GAN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract : Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of CSF has been used in the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). One of the two diagnostic protein spots was identified as isoform(s) of the 14-3-3 family of abundant brain proteins. This has led to the development of one-dimensional 14-3-3 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis immunoblot, which is currently used to support the diagnosis of CJD. In the present study employing western blot analysis, we have identified the panel of 14-3-3 isoforms that appear in the CSF of 10 patients with CJD compared with 10 patients with other dementias. The results clearly show that the 14-3-3 isoforms β, γ, ε, and η are present in the CSF of patients with CJD and can be used to differentiate other dementias. 14-3-3η also gave a baseline signal in all patients with other dementias, including six patients with Alzheimer's disease. The presence of 14-3-3η in the CSF of a patient with herpes simplex encephalitis was particularly noteworthy. This study has determined that isoform-specific 14-3-3 antibodies against β, γ, and ε should be considered for the neurochemical differentiation of CJD from other neurodegenerative diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Prion ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Codon 178 mutation ; Human prion protein gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease was first described in a family from northern Germany in the 1920s (Backer family). PCR amplification of DNA extracted from brain tissue embedded in celloidin 72 years ago shows a GAC to AAC substitution at codon 178 of the prion protein gene. This mutation is associated with fatal familial insomnia and familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a number of families of diverse ethnic background.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Malignant rhabdoid tumor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Central nervous system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT) are characterized by a typical light microscopic morphology with uniformly round tumor cells, vacuolated cytoplasm with occasional round, hyaline intracytoplasmic, periodic acid-Schiff-positive inclusions, vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli and positive immunoreactivity for vimentin. The histogenesis of MRT is controversial. Five cases of primary central nervous system (CNS) rhabdoid tumors in children are presented. Immunohistochemical, light and electron microscopic features are compared with primary CNS malignant rhabdoid tumors reported in the literature. Expression of various neurofilaments in our cases of primary CNS rhabdoid tumors was prominent and we therefore favor a neural differentiation of extrarenal intracerebral rhabdoid tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Frontotemporal dementia ; Dementia of ; frontal lobe type ; Pick’s disease ; Motor neuron disease ; with dementia ; Pick bodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Histological and immunohistochemical findings in 20 cases of frontotemporal dementias – 8 cases of dementia of frontal lobe type (DFT), 7 cases of Pick’s disease (PD), and 5 cases of motor neuron disease with dementia (MND/D) – are presented. Common features of all three syndromes were: frontotemporal atrophy, involvement of subcortical nuclei, and swollen chromatolytic cells. Ubiquitin (Ub)-positive and tau-negative inclusions in cortical, hippocampal, and motor neurons were found in MND/D and DFT cases, suggesting a common pathogenesis of MND/D and DFT. MND/D showed the same cytoskeletal alterations in motor nuclei as MND without dementia: Bunina bodies and skein-like, Ub-positive inclusions. DFT differed from PD in the preponderance of histopathological changes in upper cortical layers, the sparseness of chromatolytic cells, and the absence of tau-positive Pick bodies (PBs). There were, however, two transitional cases showing Pick-type histology but no PBs, thus linking DFT and PD. PBs expressed chromogranin B and secretoneurin strongly, but chromogranin A only weakly. They were negative for the 70-kDa heat-shock protein, metallothionein, and glutathione-S-transferase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rechtsmedizin 8 (1998), S. 123-129 
    ISSN: 1434-5196
    Keywords: Key words Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Prion protein ; Dementia ; Decontamination ; Cornea transplantation ; Schlüsselwörter Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Erkrankung ; Prionprotein ; Demenz ; Bundesseuchengesetz ; Dekontamination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Krankheit, die in 90% der Fälle sporadisch auftritt, aber auch durch Mutationen im Prionproteingen bedingt sein kann, die familiären Erkrankungen Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker-Syndrom und die tödliche familiäre Schlaflosigkeit (FFI, fatal familial insomnia) sowie die historische Kuru-Krankheit werden als Prionerkrankungen des Menschen zusammengefaßt. Zusammen mit vergleichbaren Erkrankungen im Tierreich (Scrapie, BSE u. a.) handelt es sich um prinzipiell übertragbare, zum Tode führende neurodegenerative Erkrankungen des ZNS, die durch die Trias spongiforme Veränderung des Neuropils, Gliose und Nervenzellverlust gekennzeichnet sind und beschreibend als spongiforme Enzephalopathien bezeichnet werden. Pathophysiologisch wird in einem bislang ungeklärten autokatalytischen Prozeß das physiologisch in Nervenzellen vorkommende, membranständige Prionprotein in seiner Tertiärstruktur verändert. Diese sogenannte Scrapie-Isoform des Prionprotein (PrPSc) ist kaum abbaubar, akkumuliert im Gehirn und ist im Sinne der Prionhypothese Teil des infektiösen Agens oder gar mit diesem identisch. Im zeitlichem und räumlichem Zusammenhang mit der Rinder-Krankheit BSE ist eine neue, durch ihr Läsionsmuster im Gehirn von allen anderen Prionerkrankungen abgrenzbare Variante der Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Erkrankung bei Menschen aufgetreten und hat eine Diskussion über die Übertragbarkeit der BSE durch Lebensmittel ausgelöst.
    Notes: Abstract Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a fatal transmissible neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of protease-resistant prion protein (PrPSc) in the central nervous system (CNS). The disease occurs worldwide with a frequency of one case per million inhabitants per year. The definite diagnosis relies on histological or biochemical investigation of brain tissue. Pathological hallmarks are spongiform changes of the neuropil, gliosis and nerve cell loss. Clinically the disease is characterized by rapidly progressive dementia and the involvement of different neurological systems such as cerebellar ataxia, visual impairment, pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs of varying severity. In the late stage, myocloni and characteristic periodic sharp waves in the electroencephalogram are often seen. CJD occurs sporadically in 90% of cases. In 10% it is caused by a mutation in the prion protein gene (PRNP). Other familial prion diseases are the Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS) and fatal familial insomnia (FFI). This article gives a short overview of the current pathophysiological concept of the prion diseases, clinical and diagnostical aspects, the new variant CJD and its connection to BSE. It proposes safety rules for autopsy and decontamination and points out new forensic aspects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words     Prion ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Codon 178 mutation ; Human prion protein gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract      Familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease was first described in a family from northern Germany in the 1920s (Backer family). PCR amplification of DNA extracted from brain tissue embedded in celloidin 72 years ago shows a GAC to AAC substitution at codon 178 of the prion protein gene. This mutation is associated with fatal familial insomnia and familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a number of families of diverse ethnic background.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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