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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 28 (1995), S. 6957-6962 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 66 (1988), S. 21-25 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; HIV encephalitis ; HIV-specific antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To establish a reliable procedure for the early detection of central nervous system involvement in HIV infection, paired cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples of 59 patients were analysed. Fifteen were HIV antibody positive without clinical symptoms (stage I), 12 had lymphadenopathy syndrome or AIDS-related complex (stage II), and 32 had AIDS (stage III). Intrathecal synthesis of HIV antibodies was determined by a modified ELISA. Antibodies in CSF and serum were evaluated at identical immunoglobulin G levels to correct for the actual blood-CSF-barrier permeability. A CSF/serum quotient above 1.5 is indicative of intrathecal antibody synthesis, which was found in 47% of the patients in stage I, 67% in stage II, and 84% in stage III. These findings indicate an early and frequent invasion of the CNS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 66 (1988), S. 26-31 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: AIDS ; Dementia ; HIV encephalitis ; Neuropsychiatric symptomatology ; Psychological testing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Combined medical, neurological, and serological investigations were carried out in 59 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In stage I clinical and neuropsychiatric testing did not reveal evidence for HIV encephalitis as diagnosed by local antibody production in CSF. Neuropsychiatric abnormalities, brain atrophy, memory and cognitive impairment reliably indicated HIV encephalitis in later stages. The commonest symptoms were cerebellar and brainstem signs, followed by dementia. Epileptic fits and hemipareses always were associated with cerebral toxoplasmosis. A polyneuropathy was frequently found but other causes have to be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 42 (1994), S. 493-496 
    ISSN: 0924-4247
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract : Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of CSF has been used in the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). One of the two diagnostic protein spots was identified as isoform(s) of the 14-3-3 family of abundant brain proteins. This has led to the development of one-dimensional 14-3-3 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis immunoblot, which is currently used to support the diagnosis of CJD. In the present study employing western blot analysis, we have identified the panel of 14-3-3 isoforms that appear in the CSF of 10 patients with CJD compared with 10 patients with other dementias. The results clearly show that the 14-3-3 isoforms β, γ, ε, and η are present in the CSF of patients with CJD and can be used to differentiate other dementias. 14-3-3η also gave a baseline signal in all patients with other dementias, including six patients with Alzheimer's disease. The presence of 14-3-3η in the CSF of a patient with herpes simplex encephalitis was particularly noteworthy. This study has determined that isoform-specific 14-3-3 antibodies against β, γ, and ε should be considered for the neurochemical differentiation of CJD from other neurodegenerative diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Blood brain barrier ; Immunoglobulins ; Cerebrospinal fluid in MS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 103 Multiple Sklerose (MS)-Patienten wurden Zellzahl und Proteinkonzentrationen (Gesamteiweiß, Albumin, IgG, IgA und IgM) im Liquor cerebrospinalis (CSF) gemessen. In 54 dieser Fälle erfolgte eine gleichzeitige Serumanalyse derselben Parameter. Albumin als Indikator einer intakten Bluthirnschranken-Funktion war in 76.7% aller CSF normal. Unter Berücksichtigung von relativen IgG-Konzentrationen in Serum und Liquor und von Konzentrationsgradienten des Albumins und IgG zwischen Liquor und Serum war IgG in 75 bzw. in 83% der Fälle pathologisch vermehrt. Bei alleiniger Analyse von CSF war diese Konstellation nur in 51.5% nachweisbar. Eine geringgradige Vermehrung der IgA- und/oder IgM-Konzentrationen war bei intakter Bluthirnschranken-Funktion nur in 11.7% feststellbar. Die Arbeit demonstriert analytische Methoden, mit denen eine Abgrenzung solcher CSF-Immunglobulinkonzentrationen möglich ist, die bei dieser Krankheit von Zellen synthetisiert werden, die sich im Zentralnervensystem anreichern. Eine Korrelation der Laborparameter zu klinischen Daten wurde versucht.
    Notes: Summary The leucocyte count, total protein, albumin, IgG, IgA and IgM content of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 103 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients was determined. In 54 cases a simultaneous analysis of serum was also carried out. As a sign of an intact blood brain barrier the albumin concentration was normal in 76.7%. Taking into account the relative IgG quotient in CSF and serum, and the albumin and IgG concentration gradients between CSF and serum, it was possible to reveal an elevation of IgG content in CSF of MS patients in 75 and 83%, respectively. Without a simultaneous analysis of serum this was the case only in 51.5%. In MS cases with an intact blood brain barrier the values for IgA and/or IgM were slightly elevated in 11.7%. This study demonstrates analytic methods, which support the hypothesis of IgG synthesis by cells accumulating within the CNS in MS. A correlation of the laboratory results and clinical manifestation of MS was tried.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; 6/94-parainfluenza virus ; Hemagglutination-inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 195 MS-Kranken und 251 Kontrollpersonen ist die serologische Reaktionslage gegenüber 6/94-Parainfluenzavirus getestet worden, welches bei früherer Gelegenheit aus dem Hirngewebe von 2 MS-Patienten zur Isolation kam. Ein Hämagglutinations-hemmender Titer von ≥1:128 fand sich häufiger bei den MS-Kranken (21,5%) als unter den Kontrollpersonen (14,0%). Der geometrische Mittelwert zeigte allerdings keine Differenz. Ein Kausalzusammenhang zwischen MS und 6/94-Virus wird daraus nicht abzuleiten sein. Bei den 2 autopsierten Fällen, wo die Isolation gelang, ist indessen nicht auszuschließen, daß das 6/94-Virus den ungünstigen Krank-heitsverlauf mitverursacht hat.
    Notes: Summary The serological responses of 195 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 251 controls were tested against 6/94-parainfluenza virus, which was previously isolated from brain tissue of two patients with MS. The hemagglutination-inhibition titers of ≥1:128 were found more frequently in MS patients (21.5%) than in controls (14.0%). However, the geometric mean titers did not differ between these two groups. The present study concludes that a causal relationship of 6/94-virus to MS, based on a specific immune response, is improbable, although it does not exclude the possibility of a pathogenetic significance of the agent in the cases from which the autopsy material was derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Complement dependent cytotoxic antibodies ; Measles virus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die zytotoxischen (CT) und Haemagglutinations-hemmenden (HI) Antikörper gegen Masernvirus wurden bei 195 Multiple-Sklerose (MS)-Patienten und 251 Kontrollpersonen getestet. Im Testsystem wurden die CT-Antikörper im Serum mit zugesetztem Komplement, bei Messung des freigesetzten 51Cr aus mit Masernviren infizierten Lu-Zellen, nachgewiesen. Die Analyse der Komplement-abhängigen CT-Antikörper gegen Masernvirus zeigte bei MS-Patienten im Vergleich zu Kontrollen eine signifikante (P〈0.01) Erhöhung der Titerwerte. Dieser Unterschied war nicht im HI-Test nachzuweisen. Die Häufigkeit von CT-Titerwerten ≥1:32 betrug 54.9% bei MS-Fällen und 35.5% bei Kontrollen. Gleichlautend fanden sich HI-Titerwerte ≥1:128 nur bei 17.9% der MS-Patienten und 27.9% bei Kontrollen. Der Nachweis von CT-Antikörper unter MS-Patienten ist ein Beweis dafür, daß sie eine funktionsfähige Abwehr gegen virusinfizierte Zellen besitzen. Die erhöhten Titer gegen Masernvirus können auf eine anhaltende Antigen-Stimulation bei MS-Patienten hinweisen. Die Befunde beweisen jedoch nicht, daß für die Entstehung einer Multiplen Sklerose das Masernvirus verantwortlich ist.
    Notes: Summary The presence of measles cytotoxic (CT) and hemagglutination inhibiton (HI) antibodies in 195 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 251 controls was tested. The measles virus Lu carrier cells labeled with 51Cr were exposed to serum specimens in the presence of complement in order to test the presence of CT antibody. The analysis of complement dependent CT antibodies against measles virus revealed significantly (P〈0.01) higher titers in MS patients than in the control group. However, the measles HI test failed to show this difference. Measles CT titers ≥1:32 among MS patients occured in 54.9% and in 35.5% among the controls. In comparison with this the HI method revealed measles titers ≥1:128 more often in the control group than in MS cases (27.9 and 17.9%, respectively). The presence of CT antibodies against measles virus in MS proves that these patients have a functional defence mechanism to eliminate virus infected cells. The high measles antibody titer among MS patients could be due to recurrent antigenic stimulation caused by measles virus persistency. Whether this virus persistency plays a role in MS can not be decided on the available data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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