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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isoform Pattern of 14-3-3 Proteins in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (1999)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of neurochemistry 73 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract : Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of CSF has been used in the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). One of the two diagnostic protein spots was identified as isoform(s) of the 14-3-3 family of abundant brain proteins. This has led to the development of one-dimensional 14-3-3 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis immunoblot, which is currently used to support the diagnosis of CJD. In the present study employing western blot analysis, we have identified the panel of 14-3-3 isoforms that appear in the CSF of 10 patients with CJD compared with 10 patients with other dementias. The results clearly show that the 14-3-3 isoforms β, γ, ε, and η are present in the CSF of patients with CJD and can be used to differentiate other dementias. 14-3-3η also gave a baseline signal in all patients with other dementias, including six patients with Alzheimer's disease. The presence of 14-3-3η in the CSF of a patient with herpes simplex encephalitis was particularly noteworthy. This study has determined that isoform-specific 14-3-3 antibodies against β, γ, and ε should be considered for the neurochemical differentiation of CJD from other neurodegenerative diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0732485.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the Influence of the Morphological Structure on the Liquid Crystalline Behavior of Liquid Crystalline Side Chain Block Copolymers (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 27 (1994), S. 7133-7138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00102a021
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid Crystalline Side Group Block Copolymers with n-Butyl Methacrylate as an Amorphous A-Block: Synthesis and Characterization (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 28 (1995), S. 6957-6962 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00124a036
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermoelectric radiation microsensors
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 42 (1994), S. 493-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 0924-4247
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0924-4247(94)80040-5
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of treatment in multiple sclerosis (1988)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 30 (1988), S. 299-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Quantification ; Multiple sclerosis ; Treatment ; Evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Magnetic resonance scans of 74 patients with multiple sclerosis participating in a controlled trial were compared 6 months before and at the end of a 24–32 months-treatment period with either Cyclosporin A (n=31) or Azathioprine (n=43). Both qualitative rating and computation of lesion volume showed deterioration in more than 40% of the patients, while by clinical criteria only 10–30% were worse. No significant difference was noted when the two treatment groups were compared. If careful repositioning and standardized image parameters are used, MRI is an indispensable tool for the objective determination of disease progression in MS although it cannot replace clinical examination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00328179
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methodik der maschinellen Erfassung von Daten bei einer multizentrischen Studie über die Multiple Sklerose — Erste Erfahrungen mit dem optischen Markierungsbelegverfahren (1973)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 204 (1973), S. 301-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Electronic data processing ; Multiple sclerosis ; Optical mark reader documentation ; Multicenter study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen eines MS-Schwerpunktprogramms der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (Dr. Fischer-Bosch-Stiftung), an welchem bisher 14 Kliniken und mehrere Forschunggruppen beteiligt sind, wurde ein zentraler Dokumentationspool für klinische Daten geschaffen. Für die Verarbeitung der anfallenden Daten dieser multizentrischen Studie wurde das optische Markierungsbelegverfahren gewählt, das sich schon auf verschiedenen Gebieten der Medizin bewährt hat. Die Entwicklung der Dokumentationsbelege und die methodische Anwendung des erarbeiteten Systems werden geschildert.
    Notes: Summary 14 hospital departments and several research groups participating in the multiple sclerosis research program of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Dr. Fischer-Bosch-Stiftung) have organized a central documentation pool for clinical data on MS patients. An optical mark reader form documentation system was selected for data processing. The system has three major advantages for the processing of large amounts of data: No code or handwriting involved, registration of a fairly detailed clinical status without omissions, results directly readable by machine; the results may also be read visually, however, making the inclusion of copies in conventional case records useful. On the basis of experience gained in the processing of several hundred cases, it was possible to improve on the first version of the documentation sheet by a revision of details. Initial difficulties are quickly eliminated by a brief training period, errors during the recording of data are identified by a computer plausibility program with printouts of the corrections required. An example for the utilization of the system is given to indicate its value for multicenter studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316010
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serological response of multiple sclerosis patients and controls to 6/94-parainfluenza virus (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 216 (1977), S. 47-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; 6/94-parainfluenza virus ; Hemagglutination-inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 195 MS-Kranken und 251 Kontrollpersonen ist die serologische Reaktionslage gegenüber 6/94-Parainfluenzavirus getestet worden, welches bei früherer Gelegenheit aus dem Hirngewebe von 2 MS-Patienten zur Isolation kam. Ein Hämagglutinations-hemmender Titer von ≥1:128 fand sich häufiger bei den MS-Kranken (21,5%) als unter den Kontrollpersonen (14,0%). Der geometrische Mittelwert zeigte allerdings keine Differenz. Ein Kausalzusammenhang zwischen MS und 6/94-Virus wird daraus nicht abzuleiten sein. Bei den 2 autopsierten Fällen, wo die Isolation gelang, ist indessen nicht auszuschließen, daß das 6/94-Virus den ungünstigen Krank-heitsverlauf mitverursacht hat.
    Notes: Summary The serological responses of 195 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 251 controls were tested against 6/94-parainfluenza virus, which was previously isolated from brain tissue of two patients with MS. The hemagglutination-inhibition titers of ≥1:128 were found more frequently in MS patients (21.5%) than in controls (14.0%). However, the geometric mean titers did not differ between these two groups. The present study concludes that a causal relationship of 6/94-virus to MS, based on a specific immune response, is improbable, although it does not exclude the possibility of a pathogenetic significance of the agent in the cases from which the autopsy material was derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312815
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complement dependent cytotoxic antibody activity against measles virus in multiple sclerosis (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 216 (1977), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Complement dependent cytotoxic antibodies ; Measles virus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die zytotoxischen (CT) und Haemagglutinations-hemmenden (HI) Antikörper gegen Masernvirus wurden bei 195 Multiple-Sklerose (MS)-Patienten und 251 Kontrollpersonen getestet. Im Testsystem wurden die CT-Antikörper im Serum mit zugesetztem Komplement, bei Messung des freigesetzten 51Cr aus mit Masernviren infizierten Lu-Zellen, nachgewiesen. Die Analyse der Komplement-abhängigen CT-Antikörper gegen Masernvirus zeigte bei MS-Patienten im Vergleich zu Kontrollen eine signifikante (P〈0.01) Erhöhung der Titerwerte. Dieser Unterschied war nicht im HI-Test nachzuweisen. Die Häufigkeit von CT-Titerwerten ≥1:32 betrug 54.9% bei MS-Fällen und 35.5% bei Kontrollen. Gleichlautend fanden sich HI-Titerwerte ≥1:128 nur bei 17.9% der MS-Patienten und 27.9% bei Kontrollen. Der Nachweis von CT-Antikörper unter MS-Patienten ist ein Beweis dafür, daß sie eine funktionsfähige Abwehr gegen virusinfizierte Zellen besitzen. Die erhöhten Titer gegen Masernvirus können auf eine anhaltende Antigen-Stimulation bei MS-Patienten hinweisen. Die Befunde beweisen jedoch nicht, daß für die Entstehung einer Multiplen Sklerose das Masernvirus verantwortlich ist.
    Notes: Summary The presence of measles cytotoxic (CT) and hemagglutination inhibiton (HI) antibodies in 195 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 251 controls was tested. The measles virus Lu carrier cells labeled with 51Cr were exposed to serum specimens in the presence of complement in order to test the presence of CT antibody. The analysis of complement dependent CT antibodies against measles virus revealed significantly (P〈0.01) higher titers in MS patients than in the control group. However, the measles HI test failed to show this difference. Measles CT titers ≥1:32 among MS patients occured in 54.9% and in 35.5% among the controls. In comparison with this the HI method revealed measles titers ≥1:128 more often in the control group than in MS cases (27.9 and 17.9%, respectively). The presence of CT antibodies against measles virus in MS proves that these patients have a functional defence mechanism to eliminate virus infected cells. The high measles antibody titer among MS patients could be due to recurrent antigenic stimulation caused by measles virus persistency. Whether this virus persistency plays a role in MS can not be decided on the available data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312814
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein profile of cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis with special reference to the function of the blood brain barrier (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 214 (1977), S. 207-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Blood brain barrier ; Immunoglobulins ; Cerebrospinal fluid in MS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 103 Multiple Sklerose (MS)-Patienten wurden Zellzahl und Proteinkonzentrationen (Gesamteiweiß, Albumin, IgG, IgA und IgM) im Liquor cerebrospinalis (CSF) gemessen. In 54 dieser Fälle erfolgte eine gleichzeitige Serumanalyse derselben Parameter. Albumin als Indikator einer intakten Bluthirnschranken-Funktion war in 76.7% aller CSF normal. Unter Berücksichtigung von relativen IgG-Konzentrationen in Serum und Liquor und von Konzentrationsgradienten des Albumins und IgG zwischen Liquor und Serum war IgG in 75 bzw. in 83% der Fälle pathologisch vermehrt. Bei alleiniger Analyse von CSF war diese Konstellation nur in 51.5% nachweisbar. Eine geringgradige Vermehrung der IgA- und/oder IgM-Konzentrationen war bei intakter Bluthirnschranken-Funktion nur in 11.7% feststellbar. Die Arbeit demonstriert analytische Methoden, mit denen eine Abgrenzung solcher CSF-Immunglobulinkonzentrationen möglich ist, die bei dieser Krankheit von Zellen synthetisiert werden, die sich im Zentralnervensystem anreichern. Eine Korrelation der Laborparameter zu klinischen Daten wurde versucht.
    Notes: Summary The leucocyte count, total protein, albumin, IgG, IgA and IgM content of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 103 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients was determined. In 54 cases a simultaneous analysis of serum was also carried out. As a sign of an intact blood brain barrier the albumin concentration was normal in 76.7%. Taking into account the relative IgG quotient in CSF and serum, and the albumin and IgG concentration gradients between CSF and serum, it was possible to reveal an elevation of IgG content in CSF of MS patients in 75 and 83%, respectively. Without a simultaneous analysis of serum this was the case only in 51.5%. In MS cases with an intact blood brain barrier the values for IgA and/or IgM were slightly elevated in 11.7%. This study demonstrates analytic methods, which support the hypothesis of IgG synthesis by cells accumulating within the CNS in MS. A correlation of the laboratory results and clinical manifestation of MS was tried.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316151
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular genetics of human prion diseases in Germany (1999)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 105 (1999), S. 244-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Human prion diseases may be acquired as infectious diseases, they may be inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion or occur sporadically. Mutations and polymorphisms in the sequence of the coding region of the prion protein gene (PRNP) have been established as an important factor in all of these three types of prion diseases. Therefore, a total of 578 patients with suspect prion diseases referred to the German Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) surveillance unit over a period of 4.5 years have been examined for mutations and polymorphisms in the coding region of PRNP. We found 40 cases with a missense mutation previously reported as pathogenic. Amongst these, the aspartate to asparagine change at codon 178 (D178N) was the most common mutation. All of these cases carried the D178N mutation in coupling with methionine at codon 129, resulting in the typical fatal familial insomnia (FFI) genotype. Most cases with pathogenic mutations were not found in the group of clinically "probable" cases according to established clinical criteria, supporting the notion that inherited prion diseases often exhibit atypical features. Two novel missense mutations (T188R and P238S) and several silent polymorphisms were found, demonstrating the quality of our screening procedure based on a modified version of the single-stranded conformational polymorphism technique. In "definite" CJD cases with no pathogenic mutation, the patients clinically classified as "probable" were mostly homozygous for methionine at the common polymorphism at codon 129, whereas there was a marked over-representation of patients homozygous for valine amongst those clinically classified as "possible". This large study on suspect cases of human prion diseases in Germany clearly shows that PRNP genetics is essential for a comprehensive analysis of prion diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004399900124
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