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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-5002
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 133-136 (Jan. 1993), p. 45-50 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Tumour necrosis factor ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; Bone erosions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To determine whether concentrations of cytokines and matrix-degrading enzymes in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis are associated with the degree of bone-destruction in the same joint. Methods Determination of Interleukin-1α, IL-1β, IL-1-receptor-antagonist, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factorα (by ELISA), collagenase-activity and caseinase-activity (by substrate-assays) in the SF (knee) of patients with RA (n42) or OA (n35). The degree of bone-destruction was assessed radiographically. Results SF cytokine- and enzyme-levels were higher in patients with RA than in those with OA. In the RA group, SF-levels of TNFα were positively correlated with the degree of bone destruction of the respective joint. No correlation was found between radiographically assessed joint changes and SF-concentrations of other cytokines, enzyme activities, serum CRP, or duration of disease. In the OA-group, none of the examined parameters was associated with the degree of joint destruction. Conclusions Our data may support the assumption of TNFα playing an important role in joint destruction in RA. Possible alternative conclusions are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 44 (1995), S. 581-584 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Beatmungsfilter ; Wärme-Feuchtigkeitstauscher ; Low-Flow- ; Minimal-Flow-Anästhesie ; Wasserkondensation im Atemsystem ; Durchatemwiderstand eines Atemsystems ; Key words Breathing filter ; Heat and moisture exchanger ; Low-flow ; minimal-flow anaesthesia ; Condensation ; Resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Breathing filters or heat and moisture exchangers (HME), which are placed between a tracheal tube and the Y-piece, allow reuse of breathing tubes without changing between operations. During low-flow and minimal-flow anaesthesia, condensed water accumulates in the breathing circuit. An evaluation of the volume of condensed water is given (Fig. 1). It may be possible that water flows onto the filter surface, for example, when the breathing tubes are lifted. The water permeability of such breathing filters and HME was tested. For the experiments, a commercial breathing circuit and ventilator (Dräger Sulla 808+Ventilog) and patient model (Fig. 2) were used; 12 breathing filters/HMEs of different manufacturers were tested. Only 3 filters were not permeable to the test volume of 20 ml water. The authors suggest the water volume be checked routinely and the breathing tubes be emptied if necessary.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei Low-Flow- und Minimal-Flow-Anästhesie reichert sich Kondenswasser im Atemsystem an. Über die Höhe der anfallenden Wassermenge wird eine Abschätzung angegeben. Beim Einsatz patientennaher Beatmungsfilter oder Wärme-/Feuchtigkeitstauscher (Heat and Moisture Exchanger HME) zwischen Y-Stück und Tubus werden die Atemschläuche nicht notwendigerweise nach jedem Patienten gewechselt. Untersucht wird, was mit dem Kondenswasser während der Narkosebeatmung geschehen kann, wenn dieses z.B. durch Anheben der Atemschläuche auf die Filteroberfläche gelangt. Beschrieben wird eine Versuchsanordnung – bestehend aus einem Narkosegerät Sulla 808, Atemsystem und Patientensimulationsmodell – in dem die zu untersuchenden Filter betrieben werden. Insgesamt wurden 12 Beatmungsfilter/HME verschiedener Hersteller untersucht. Nur drei Filter stellen eine Barriere für die im Versuch verwendete Wassermenge von 20 ml dar. Empfohlen wird, bei Low-Flow- und Minimal-Flow-Anästhesie den Wasseranfall im Atemsystem, der größer als 20 ml sein kann, regelmäßig zu überwachen und gegebenenfalls aus den Atemschläuchen zu entfernen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 365 (1999), S. 123-132 
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) preferably Nafion® (Du Pont) is used as electrolyte material. The electrodes contain polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as organic binder and the electrolyte Nafion® as additive to enlarge the three phase boundary zone. Since Nafion® is chemically related closely to PTFE, using surface analytical methods the two polymers can only be distinguished by the sulfonic acid groups in Nafion®. XPS measurements give information about the chemical composition of the electrode surface. By electron microscopy and EDX analysis it is possible to image the surface structure and to determine the local elements distribution, but hereby the distinction of the different polymers is a problem. In EDX spectra the sulfur peak induced from the sulfonic acid in the Nafion® is overlayed by a platinum peak from the catalyst component in the electrodes. Consequently, the distribution of the pure Nafion® cannot be determined by EDX. To make Nafion® distinguishable from PTFE and platinum the Nafion® in the electrode has to be marked, e.g. by exchange of the conducting protons in Nafion® by alkali ions like sodium. After having marked Nafion® its spatial distribution in fuel cell electrodes can be determined by EDX mapping of fluorine and sodium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 101 (1994), S. 1687-1692 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Equilibrium measurements in a dynamic equilibrium of adsorption and desorption were performed to obtain coverage-dependent kinetic parameters of water desorption from K/Ni(111) with K coverages in the submonolayer regime. A H2O particle beam was employed which enabled beam fluxes up to 8×1019 m−2 s−1 while the water equilibrium coverage in the temperature range from 155 to 175 K was determined using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). On the clean sample water desorbs with two different sets of desorption kinetic parameters, for water coverages below 0.42 monolayers (ML) a desorption energy of (52±3) kJ/mol and a pre-exponential factor of 1016±1 s−1 were found, whereas for higher coverages values of Eγ=(38.6±0.3) kJ/mol and νγ=8×1012±0.1 s−1, characteristic for desorption from ice multilayers, were determined. The effect of preadsorbed K manifested itself in a dissociation of one H2O molecule per K atom to OH and H and in the presence of a more strongly bound molecular water species. No K induced changes of the desorption kinetics of the further adsorbed water could be observed for aitch-thetaK≤0.15 ML, and the water coverage of 0.42 monolayers, at which the icelike state is initially observed, also remains unchanged. This implies that the structure of the first layer of adsorbed water is similar for potassium precoverages lower than 0.15 ML.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6171-6173 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetic and magnetoelastic measurements under various conditions of compressive stress and applied field have been carried out on samples with the composition Tb0.3Dy0.7(Fe1−xAlx)1.95, 0≤x≤0.1, prepared by a float-zone growth technique. Their magnetoelastic performances compare favorably with the highly magnetostrictive "Terfenol-D'' compounds by having large magnetostrictive strains (λ∼1200 ppm at ∼120 kA/m), good magnetomechanical coupling (k33≈62%) and a large strain coefficient (d33≈80 nm/A). The substitution of aluminum for iron produces a material with potential benefits for use in actuators: higher electrical resistivity and improved ductility, which reduce eddy current effects and increase the mechanical strength.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 2395-2397 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: With hybrid mode-locking of an ion-implanted semiconductor laser in an external cavity and subsequent chirp compensation, 290 fs pulses at 1.3 μm are generated. Due to the nonlinear chirp component, the time-bandwidth product is a factor of 2.3 above the Fourier limit. Using a folded grating-mirror cavity, the nonlinear chirp is effectively suppressed, leading to 1.6 ps pulses with a time-bandwidth product only 12% above the theoretical limit. The influence of the cavity geometry upon the chirp is investigated in detail. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The pressure dependence of the magnetostrictive strain coefficient, d33, and maximum strains in applied fields of 120 kA m−1 have been measured in samples of Terfenol-D before and after thermal or magnetic annealing. Application of an annealing field, Ha, parallel to the 〈111〉 axes which are normal to grains oriented along the [112¯] axis, leads to an increase in d33 of as much as 81%, with applied uniaxial prestresses as low as 3 MPa. The variation of optimum d33 values as a function of stress applied along the [112¯] axis shows anomalous oscillations after magnetic annealing. The thermal and magnetic effects of the annealing procedures are discussed and a mechanism to explain magnetic annealing is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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