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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Tumour necrosis factor ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; Bone erosions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To determine whether concentrations of cytokines and matrix-degrading enzymes in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis are associated with the degree of bone-destruction in the same joint. Methods Determination of Interleukin-1α, IL-1β, IL-1-receptor-antagonist, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factorα (by ELISA), collagenase-activity and caseinase-activity (by substrate-assays) in the SF (knee) of patients with RA (n42) or OA (n35). The degree of bone-destruction was assessed radiographically. Results SF cytokine- and enzyme-levels were higher in patients with RA than in those with OA. In the RA group, SF-levels of TNFα were positively correlated with the degree of bone destruction of the respective joint. No correlation was found between radiographically assessed joint changes and SF-concentrations of other cytokines, enzyme activities, serum CRP, or duration of disease. In the OA-group, none of the examined parameters was associated with the degree of joint destruction. Conclusions Our data may support the assumption of TNFα playing an important role in joint destruction in RA. Possible alternative conclusions are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 251 (1986), S. 715-723 
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied the effects of human recombinant interleukin-1β on proteoglycan metabolism of bovine articular cartilage in organ culture. IL-1 was more potent in inhibiting synthesis (IC50 4 ng/mL) than in stimulating breakdown of proteoglycans (EC50 200 ng/mL). Inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis began to plateau earlier (2 days) than stimulation of proteoglycan release (4 days). Both effects could be neutralized with a polyclonal anti-IL-1β antibody; however, higher antibody titers were required to block IL-1 effects on proteoglycan synthesis than to neutralize those on proteoglycan release. Chloroquine, but not hydrocortisone, blocked IL-1-mediated proteoglycan breakdown. Both drugs, however, augmented IL-1-induced inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis. Our data suggest that the effects of IL-1 on articular cartilage proteoglycan synthesis and proteoglycan breakdown can be regulated independently.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Orthopäde 29 (2000), S. 158-163 
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Chondrozytentransplantation • Knorpelmatrixsynthese • Synovialflüssigkeit ; Key words Chondrocyte transplantation •¶Cartilage matrix synthesis • Synovial fluid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Successful transplantation of autologous chondrocytes for repair of articular cartilage defects requires an undisturbed matrix-synthesis of the transplanted cells. This, in turn, is dependent on the composition of the synovial fluid (SF) of the respective joint. We addressed the question whether analysis of a patient's SF can predict the rate of matrix-synthesis of articular cartilage exposed to this SF in vitro. SF was obtained from 115 patients with disorders of the knee, including gonarthrosis (n = 44), meniscal tears (n = 10), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 53), and reactive arthritides (n = 8). In the SF, the following parameters were determined: Interleukin-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1-RA, TNFα, Insulin-like growth-factor I (IGF-I), IGF-II, IGF-binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2), IGFBP-3 as well as total proteinase activity and total collagenase activity. To assess the effect of SF on the matrix synthesis of articular chondrocytes, bovine cartilage was incubated in the presence of SF, and the rate of proteoglycan synthesis subsequently determined. In some cases, a monoclonal antibody directed against IGF-I was added. SF from patients with OA or trauma, respectively, stimulated PG-synthesis of bovine cartilage more markedly than did SF from patients with rheumatic arthritides. On the average, 60 percent of the SF-induced increase of cartilage matrix synthesis could be titrated out by an anti-IGF-I-AB. The best predictor for the SF-effects on PG-synthesis of exposed cartilage was the proportion of free IGF-I (r = 0.573, p 〈 0.001, Spearman rank correlation) followed by the SF-concentrations of IGF-I (with a positive sign), IGFBP-3, IL-1β, and TNFα (all with a negative sign). According to our data, IGF-I is the most important anabolic factor in human SF with respect to cartilage PG-synthesis. The proportion of free IGF-I seems to be of special importance in this regard. Low SF-levels of free IGF-I could be identified as a possible risk-factor for a sub-optimal protoeglycan synthesis of chondrocytes exposed to this synovial milieu.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Erfolg einer autologen Chondrozytentransplantation zur Behandlung von Knorpeldefekten ist u. a. an eine ungestörte Matrixsynthese der transplantierten Zellen geknüpft, die wiederum von der Zusammensetzung der Synovialflüssigkeit im betreffenden Gelenk abhängig ist. Wir sind der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit die Analyse der Synovia von Patienten eine Voraussage der Matrixsyntheserate von Gelenkknorpel zulässt, welcher in dieser Synovialflüssigkeit kultiviert wird. Von 115 Patienten mit Kniegelenkerkrankungen wurde Synovialflüssigkeit (SF) gewonnen. Es handelte sich um 44 Patienten mit Gonarthrose (OA), 10 Patienten mit Meniskusverletzungen (Men), 53 Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis (RA) und 8 Patienten mit reaktiven Arthritiden (ReA). In der SF wurden die folgenden Parameter bestimmt: Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1-RA, TNF-α, Insulin-Wachstumsfaktor I (IGF-I), IGF-II, IGF-Bindungsprotein-2 (IGFBP-2), IGFBP-3, sowie die Gesamtaktivität von Proteinasen bzw. Kollagenasen. Zur Bestimmung des Effekts der einzelnen SF-Probe auf die Matrixsynthese artikulärer Chondrozyten wurde boviner Gelenknorpel in Anwesenheit von SF inkubiert und anschließend die Proteoglykan(PG)syntheserate bestimmt. In weiteren Fällen wurde in separatem Ansatz zusätzlich ein spezifischer monoklonaler Anti-IGF-I-Antikörper (Anti-IGF-I-AB) zugegeben. SF von Trauma- bzw. OA-Patienten stimulierte die PG-Synthese bovinen Knorpels in vitro mehr als SF-Proben von Patienten mit rheumatischen Arthritiden. Im Mittel 60 % der SF-bedingten Steigerung der Knorpelmatrixsynthese ließen sich durch einen Anti-IGF-I-AB heraustitrieren. Den besten Vorhersagewert für die Effekte einer SF-Probe auf die PG-Synthese exponierten Knorpels hatte der Anteil an freiem IGF-I (r = 0,573, p 〈 0,001, Spearman-Rang-Korrelation), gefolgt von der IGF-I-Konzentration (mit positivem Vorzeichen) sowie den Konzentrationen von IGFBP-3, IL-1β und TNF-α (jeweils mit negativem Vorzeichen). Keinen ersichtlichen Einfluss hatte das Alter der Patienten. Wichtigster anaboler Faktor in der SF für die Knorpel-PG-Synthese ist nach den vorliegenden Daten IGF-I, wobei dem nicht gebundenen Anteil des IGF-I offenbar besondere Bedeutung zukommt. Niedrige SF-Spiegel an freiem IGF-I konnten als möglicher Risikofaktor für eine suboptimale Proteoglykansynthese von Chondrozyten identifiziert werden, welche diesem synovialen Milieu ausgesetzt sind.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 111 (1992), S. 171-173 
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Perthes' disease was originally viewed as a local ischaemic necrosis of the femoral head. Several authors, however, have presented data suggesting that children with this disease also suffer from a general disorder of skeletal maturation. Hormonal changes in the hypothalamus-pituitary-growth plate axis have been discussed as a possible underlying cause and contradictory results reported on the role of the somatomedins in this process. In this report for the first time sequential data are presented on plasma somatomedin-C (Sm-C/insulin-like growth factor I) levels in 21 boys with Perthes' disease. Values were compared with data from 105 control subjects. The physiologic increase with age of plasma Sm-C levels in the control group was either absent or diminished in children with early-stage Perthes' disease (P 〈 10−6, signs test). The Sm-C values in affected children were low. Our data correlate well with reports from others of retarded skeletal maturation in children with Perthes' disease and support the hypothesis of an accompanying disorder of the synthesis or release of Sm-C/IGF-I or its binding proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 111 (1992), S. 237-242 
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied the effects of repeated intra-articular injections of sterile 140 mM NaCl solution on articular cartilage in adult rabbits. After 20 injections into the knee joints over a period of 4 weeks, chondrocyte glucosaminoglycan synthesis was evenly reduced in all cartilage layers, accompanied by a significant proteoglycan depletion of the matrix which was most marked in the superficial half of the cartilage. These and other changes only partially reversed during a further 4-week period after the injections had been stopped. Our data underline the need for a clear-cut indication for intra-articular injections. The microtrauma caused by injection, in conjunction with the introduction of a carrier solution into the joint, may, at least when repeated at short intervals, lead to measurable damage to the articular cartilage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 114 (1994), S. 43-48 
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a cytokine which induces cartilage proteoglycan (PG) depletion by inhibiting PG synthesis and increasing PG breakdown. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), in contrast, is known to promote matrix formation. We examined the effects of both mediators in a bovine tissue culture model. IL-1 dose-dependently inhibited PG formation of articular cartilage [half-maximal effect (EC50) at 4 ng/mll, while PG synthesis was increased by IGF-I (EC50) = 15 ng/ml). After inhibition of PG formation with IL-1 for 2 days and subsequent removal of free IL-1, addition of IGF-I dose-dependently accelerated restoration of the original rate of synthesis with a half-maximal effect at 20 ng/ml and a maximal effect at 50 ng/ml. The IGF-I concentration required to elicit a half-maximal effect on cartilage PG synthesis remained constant in the absence or presence of IL-1. We therefore conclude that inhibition of cartilage PG synthesis by IL-1 is not effected by damage to the IGF receptor. Synovial fluid (SF) of 40 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was found to contain 64 ± 6 ng IGF-I/ml (mean ± SEM). The reported effects of IGF-I in vitro therefore occurred at concentrations comparable to those present in joints in vivo. IL-1β was detectable (〉 0.5 pg/ml) in 38 of 40 RA-SF samples (mean 28 ± 6 pg/ml). RA synovial tissue in culture released 330 ± 112 pg IL-1β x g tissue−1 x d−1, and this rate could be increased up to 70-fold by the addition of lipopolysaccharides (10 μg/ml). The observed accelerated recovery of cartilage PG synthesis by IGF-I after inhibition by IL-1 may be of relevance in rheumatic diseases like RA since IL-1 levels in RA-SF are known to vary considerably with time, and IGFs have been shown previously to be the most important promotors of cartilage PG synthesis in human SF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 117 (1998), S. 265-269 
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To determine whether systemic administration of methotrexate (MTX) can prevent joint destruction in experimental osteoarthrosis (OA) in rabbits, the disorder was induced unilaterally in the knee joints of 40 rabbits by partial medial meniscectomy and sectioning of the medial collateral and both cruciate ligaments. A sham operation (arthrotomy only) was performed in another four animals. Effects on the cartilage of the femoral condyles were studied after 6 and 12 weeks. Twelve weeks after induction, femoral and tibial osteophyte formation was demonstrated on radiographs in all cases. Marked cartilage damage was found histologically (median Mankin score 10 vs 1 for non-operated controls; P 〈 0.05, Wilcoxon test). Cartilage proteoglycan (GAG) content (dye binding assay) was reduced in operated joints [63 ± 8 (mean ± SEM) vs 75 ± 6 μg chondroitin sulfate/mg cartilage wet weight], and the leukocyte count in the joints was elevated (226 ± 14 vs 7 ± 3 leukocytes per μl joint aspirate after injection of 0.5 ml saline solution; both P 〈 0.05, Wilcoxon test). The rate of GAG synthesis was unchanged (ex vivo labelling with 35S-sulfate). Treatment with MTX (30 mg × kg body weight-1× week-1 i.m., starting 12 h postoperatively) reduced cartilage damage (median Mankin score 8 vs 10 for placebo, P 〈 0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test), but had no significant effect on the other parameters tested. No significant MTX effects were observed on cartilage from nonoperated joints. Our data indicate that MTX may have a limited therapeutic effect in experimental OA in the rabbit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Key words Insulin-like growth factors ; Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; Articular cartilage ; Proteoglycans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was to quantify insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBPs) in the synovial fluid (SF) and plasma of patients with rheumatic diseases and to study the role of these proteins in the regulation of cartilage proteoglycan (PG) synthesis. Immunological determination of IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, IGF-I, IGF-II, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis fac-tor α (TNFα) was undertaken in the SF and plasma of 115 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA; n = 53), osteoarthritis (OA; n = 44) and other rheumatic disorders. We also determined the effects of SF on bovine cartilage PG synthesis in culture. IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 were elevated in the plasma (by 38% and 28%, respectively) and SF (by 56% and 59%, respectively) of patients with RA compared to age- and sex-matched OA controls (determined by RIA and confirmed by Western ligand blot). IGF-I and IGF-II did not differ significantly between the two groups. OA SF, and, to a lesser extent, RA SF stimulated cartilage PG synthesis in culture, and more than 60% of this activity was neutralised by a specific monoclonal anti-IGF-I antibody. Human IGFBP-3 dose-dependently inhibited the stimulation of cartilage PG synthesis effected by SF or human IGF-I. In RA patients, the SF concentration of IGFBP-3 was positively correlated with SF levels of IL-1β and TNFα, with the serum level of C-reactive protein and with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. We concluded that IGF-I is, under the conditions studied, the most important anabolic factor in human SF with respect to articular cartilage PG synthesis. The bioactivity of IGF-I in joints is modulated by IGFBP-3, which is elevated in RA SF compared to OA SF. Elevated IGFBP-3 in RA SF may reduce the availability of IGF-I to articular chondrocytes, thus interfering with cartilage PG synthesis in RA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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