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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Fourth cell type ; Islet cell types ; Pancreatic islets ; Pancreatic polypeptide ; Rat ; Somatostatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An argyrophilic fourth cell type in fetal and adult rat pancreatic islets can be identifed by using a modification of the Grimelius silver statin. This cell is much more abundant in the fetal pancreas than in the adult. By employing the modified silver technique followed by restaining with the indirect immunofluorescent procedure for somatostatin, the content of this argyrophilic fourth cell was studied further. Comparison of these histochemical studies demonstrated that somatostatin was not located in the fourth cell of either the adult or fetal rat pancreas. These results indicate that the D-cell and the fourth cell type are not the same cell. Thus far the only product associated with this argyrophilic cell is pancreatic polypeptide. As a result this cell probably represents the PP-cell of the Wiesbadan classification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Methods in cell science 4 (1978), S. 933-936 
    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: rayon grids ; tissue culture ; organ culture ; platform ; tissue support
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Developing pancreases from embryos of thirteen and one-half to seventeen and one-half days were placed on rayon grids and cultivated on a liquid medium of cock serum and chick embryo extract for periods of two to ten days. The cultures were incubated at 37°C in air supplemented by controlled oxygen and carbon dioxide.Pancreatic islets develop well in organ culture. This process usually involves increases in the size of islets and in the number of cells per islet, and sometimes involves an increase in the number of islets. The rate of morphogenesis of islets is variable: slower than that in normal controls during equal time in days (most cases) or equal to it (several cases) or faster than it (few cases). The development of islets includes the formation of granulated beta cells (many cases). The beta cells may reach stages as advanced as those in normal pancreases of postnatal day 3 (few cases). The existence of granulated beta cells in cultures from explants too young to have them constitutes convincing morphologic evidence of the production of insulin or pre-insulin during the periods of culture.The development of acini in organ culture includes the formation of them from pancreatic primordia with no acini and the appearance of zymogen granules in the acinar cytoplasm. The morphogenesis may reach stages as advanced as those in normal pancreases of prenatal day nineteen and one-half (several cases).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 164 (1969), S. 283-289 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A study of the crura of the diaphragm and their innervation from the phrenic nerve was made in 22 fresh specimens and four embalmed specimens. The arrangement of the musculature was found to be essentially the same as that described by Low in 1907. The portions of the crural musculature passing to the right and left of the esophagus did not decussate anterior to the esophagus as these fibers insert into the central tendon. The right and left phrenic nerves divided into three to five divisions at the pericardiodiaphragmatic angle. Most commonly, these divisions are: anterior, posterior and lateral. If there are more than three divisions involved, there is usually a medial division present and/or a subdivision of one of the other divisions. It is the posterior division or its posteromedial branch which contributes to the innervation of the crura. None of the other divisions contributes to the innervation of the crura. Secondary branches of either the posterior division or the posteromedial branch do not cross to the contralateral side.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The applicability of the four-parameter model for physiological responses to the prediction of food intake and corresponding weight gain and individual organ weight gain was studied further in 40-day postpartum male rats. Seven groups of animals were maintained on diets in which protein content ranged from 0 to 23.54% casein. Food intake and weight gain were recorded every other day for each animal for 21 days. At the termination of the experiment the following organs were removed and weighed: liver, heart, lungs, spleen, kidneys, adrenals, and testes. When these weight values are fitted by use of the four-parameter model, food intake and total animal and organ weight gains can be predicted in relation to the amount of protein in the diet. It was found that liver, heart, lungs, spleen, and whole animal had similar K(0.5) values. However, it was also shown that there is variation in response of organs when relating organ weight as a percentage of body weight. For example, heart, lungs, and testes show an increased ratio on low protein diet while liver, kidneys, and adrenals maintain a fairly constant ratio and the spleen shows a decreased ratio. Additionally, it was noted that the animals on low protein diet consumed more food per gram body weight but did so at a slower rate. Possible future applications of the four-parameter model for physiological reponses are discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 209 (1984), S. 417-422 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Multiple staining of the endocrine cells of the pancreatic islet was studied in tissue obtained from adult rats. After fixation in Bouin's fluid and processing for light microscopy, the unlabeled peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique was performed. Successful staining procedures used variations of the PAP technique with 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and 4-chloro-1-naphthol (CN) as chromagens. The purpose of this study was to stain as many of the four primary cell types (A-cells, B-cells, D-cells, PP-cells) as possible either simultaneously or sequentially using photomicroscopy. At optimum antibody titer, there was minimal nonspecific background staining which made it possible to differentiate cell types by intensity of the chromagen. Any two cell types can be shown by using DAB with the first antibody and CN with the second. To demonstrate three cell types simultaneously, three methods which altered dilutions and chromagens were used. The first method consisted of decreasing dilutions of primary antibody with DAB and CN as the chromagens. The second method involved repetitive DAB applications resulting in three intensities of brown. The third method used a DAB immersion after the second cell type was stained. This produced a color differential so the third cell type could be distinguished with CN. To demonstrate the three cell types sequentially, a masking technique was introduced with photomicroscopy. In order to block the preceding complex, the previous cell type (demonstrated by CN) was restained with DAB at an increased dilution. The next cell type was then stained with CN. These four methods were tried in attempts to stain four cell types in the same tissue section.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 133-138 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Innervation ; Fetal rat islets ; Histochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fetal rat pancreas, explanted at 18 days of gestation and cultured up to ten days, contains numerous acetylcholinesterase-positive neurons. These nerves usually appear in small ganglia although single nerve cells are encountered. The axons of these intrapancreatic nerves appear to terminate only in the islet tissue and not on any exocrine components of the expiant. It is concluded that the fetal rat pancreas contains an islet-specific group of cholinergic neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In an embryo of eleven and one-half to twelve and one-half days, the stomach, duodenum, liver and primordium of the dorsal pancreas were excised en bloc, placed on a rayon grid supported by a grid of stainless steel and cultivated on a liquid medium of cock serum and extract of chick embryo for 8 or 10 or 12 days. The culture was incubated at 37°C in air supplemented by controlled oxygen and carbon dioxide.One-hundred-fifteen cultures were fixed in Bouin's solution and the sections stained with aldehyde fuchsin. Forty-one cultures were fixed in Zenker's solution and the sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The 269 control pancreases were of two kinds: beginning controls taken at the time of the explantation (61 specimens); reference controls taken during the period from day eleven and one-half postcoitum to day five postpartum (208 specimens).From an explant of a pancreatic primordium too primitive to have either islet or acinus, a culture could give rise to islets with granulated beta cells and acini with zymogen granules. The best-developed islet in a ten-day culture of an explant from a donor of eleven and one-half days had an estimated granulation age of twenty-one and one-half days; thus the differentiation in vitro had kept pace with that which occurred in vivo during equal time in days. The best-developed acinus in a 12-day culture of a pancreatic primordium from an embryo of 12 and one-half days had an estimated developmental age of twenty and one-half days.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 136 (1973), S. 527-532 
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Alpha cells can be demonstrated in embryonic rat pancreas by a modification of the Grimelius silver nitrate technique. At the start of culture at 18 days of gestation, alpha cells are closely associated with exocrine tubules and beta cells. After ten days of culture they are arranged peripherally around a mass of beta cells, in islets that are characteristic of adult rat pancreas.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 152 (1978), S. 257-261 
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An argyrophilic fourth cell type in the rat pancreatic islet can be differentiated from other silver-staining cells by using a modification of the Grimelius aqueous silver nitrate technique. Restaining of the tissues using fluorescent techniques with anti-HPP (Human Pancreatic Polypeptide) serum results in bright fluorescence in the fourth cell type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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