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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Ursodeoxycholic acid is an approved therapy for hepatobiliary disorders but in infants and children compliance is compromised because it is formulated exclusively as capsules, or tablets.Aim:  To determine the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of a new liquid formulation of ursodeoxycholic acid (Ursofalk suspension) with a standard capsule (Ursofalk) in a randomized, unblinded, crossover designed study of 24 healthy adults.Methods:  Equivalence was based on single bolus oral plasma pharmacokinetics and biliary ursodeoxycholic acid enrichments after repeat doses. Biliary bile acid composition and hydrophobicity index were also compared. Ursodeoxycholic acid was measured in duodenal bile by high-performance liquid chromatography and in plasma by mass spectrometry.Results:  The mean percentage biliary ursodeoxycholic acid enrichment after administration of the suspension was not significantly different from that obtained with capsules (44.2 ± 11.7% vs. 46.9 ± 10.2%, respectively). The equivalence ratio was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.8–1.1), establishing bioequivalence between suspension and capsules. Both formulations reduced the biliary hydrophobicity index and no differences in bile acid composition were observed between formulations. The plasma pharmacokinetics of both formulations was similar and the tolerability of the suspension was excellent.Conclusions:  A new liquid formulation of ursodeoxycholic acid suitable for paediatric patients is pharmacologically bioequivalent to capsules when given as single, or repeated oral doses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 298 (1982), S. 659-660 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Evidence for dietary precursor(s) was first obtained by changing the diet given to adult rats from commercial pellets to a semisynthetic diet, D7 (ref. 10), which resulted in a marked and rapid decrease in the excretion of mammlian lignans in urine (Fig. 1). When the diet was reverted to commercial ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des études précedentes avaient suggéré que les malades avec polypose adénomateuse familiale (PAF) avaient une excrétion fécale augmentée de choléstérol mais une réduction des métabolìtes du choléstérol. On a donc proposé que les degrés de dégradation fécale du choléstérol puisse être utilisée comme moyen de diagnostic. Le développement dans l'extraction et l'analyse des stérols neutres fécaux aussi bien que des moyens appropriés de diagnostiquer la PAF par analyse du DNA et ophthalmoscopie indirecte a nécessité un ré-examen de cette proposition. Les stérols neutres fécaux, ont été analysés chez 10 patients avec une PAF non traitée après une collection complète des matières de 5 jours et comparés avec 9 sujets contrôles sains (comprenant 4 enfants de mêmes parents) étroitement appareillés pour l'âge et le sexe. Les poids moyens (25 et 75 percentiles) de selles humides étaient similaires chez les PAF (97.5 (69, 192) g · 24 h-1) et les contrôles (116 (61.5, 137) g · 24 h-1). La concentration de choléstérol fecal était similaire dans les deux groupes (PAF=2.3 (1.4, 4.2); controle=3.5 (1.0, 6.0) μmol · g poids sec) de même que la concentration de stérols neutres totaux stéroïdes végétaux exclus (PAF=17.2 (13.4, 21.0); controle 18.2 (7.4, 21.6) μmol · g poids sec). Il n'y avait pas de différence significative dans les proportions de choléstérol métabolisé entre les PAF (82.3 (74.2, 93.5)%) et les contrôles (72.1 (5.7, 81.3)%). Cette étude ne confirme pas la notion que le métabolisme des stérols neutres fécaux est uniquement différent chez les patients avec une PAF.
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies have suggested that patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) have increased faecal excretion of cholesterol but a reduction in cholesterol metabolites. It was consequently proposed that the degree of faecal cholesterol degradation could be used as a means of diagnosis. Developments in the extraction and analysis of faecal neutral sterols as well as the accurate means of diagnosing FAP by DNA analysis and indirect ophthalmoscopy has necessitated a re-examination of this proposal. Faecal neutral sterols were analysed in 10 patients with untreated FAP following a complete 5-day stool collection and compared with 9 healthy control subjects (including 4 siblings) closely matched for age and sex. The median [25 and 75, percentiles] stool wet weights were similar between the FAP (97.5 [69, 192] g · 24 h-1) and the control (116 [61.5, 137] g · 24 h-1) groups. Faecal cholesterol concentration was similar in the two groups (FAP=2.3 [1.4, 4.2]; control=3.5 [1.0, 6.0] μmol · g-1 dry wt) as was the concentration of total neutral sterols not including plant sterols (FAP=17.2 [13.4, 21.0]; control=18.2 [7.4, 21.6] μmol · g-1 dry wt). There were no significant differences in the proportions of cholesterol metabolised between the FAP (82.3 [74.2, 93.5]%) and control (72.1 [5.7, 81.3]%) groups. This study does not support the notion that faecal neutral sterol metabolism is uniquely different in patients with FAP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 287 (1980), S. 740-742 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The two compounds are: (I) 2,3-bis-(3'-hydroxybenzyl)-butyrolactone (referred to in previous reports1'2 as compound 180/442). (II) 2,3-bis-(3'-hydroxybenzyl)-butane-l,4-diol(referredto previously as compound 180/410). Some related compounds subsequently found in the urine of the vervet monkey ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methods are described to extract and measure 2,3-bis(3-hydroxybenzyl)-γ-butyrolactone (enterolactone) and 2,3-bis(3-hydroxybenzyl)butane-1,4-diol (enterodiol) from physiological fluids. They are based on the use of stable labelled analogues of each compound as internal standards with end point assay being by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The methods were developed to quantify enterolactone and enterodiol in experiments designed to investigate the significance and source of these compounds in man and animals. Examples of studies on human ovarian blood and investigations of their excretion in urine following dietary manipulation are described.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermospray mass spectra of the phytoestrogens have intense protonated molecular ions but contain few or no ions indicative of structure. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was used to obtain daughter ion spectra containing ions unique to the different structural characteristics of each phytoestrogen subclass and was used both to confirm identification and propose structures for unknowns. In addition to unique daughter ion spectra, MS/MS was used as a class identifier to detect phytoestrogens through the neutral loss of 56 (due to consecutive losses of CO) that is common to all members of this family. Several sources of soy protein were investigated to confirm the presence or absence of phytoestrogens. In one preparation investigated, daidzein and genistein were detected as well as an unknown phytoestrogen of the Biochanin A subclass. This unknown has been tentatively identified as 6,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone using its daughter ion spectrum.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 1 (1986), S. 89-92 
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Enterolactone, enterodiol and secoisolariciresinol were conjugated with glucuronic acid by solubilized rabbit liver microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransf erase. The monoglucuronide conjugate of all three substrates was formed and its identity confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Analytical high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and NMR spectroscopy indicated conjugation with glucuronic acid to occur at several positions in the molecule. The enzymatic conjugation was monitored by analytical capillary isotachophoresis (ITP). The Km-values for enterlactone, enterodiol, and secoisolariciresinol were calculated to be 0.30, 0.23, and 0.22 mmol/l respectively.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 2 (1987), S. 229-241 
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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