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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solubility of zinc and interactions between zinc and phosphorus in the hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 21 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The relationship between Zn and P in the Zn hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens J. & C. Presl was investigated using hydroponic culture. Total concentrations of Zn in the shoots increased from 0·2 to 27 g kg–1 dry mass when solution Zn increased from 1 to 1000 mmol m–3. Water-soluble Zn accounted for 〉 80% of the total Zn in the shoots containing 〉 5 g Zn kg–1 dry mass. Total P was maintained at about 3 g kg–1 dry mass in the shoots containing 〈 20 g Zn kg–1 dry mass, but significantly decreased with higher Zn concentrations. Linear regression between insoluble P and insoluble Zn in the shoots produced a small slope, suggesting that co-precipitation of Zn and P was not an important detoxification mechanism in the shoots. In contrast, there was a strong correlation between insoluble P and insoluble Zn in the roots, with a linear slope of 0·3 — close to the P:Zn ratio in Zn3(PO4)2. Foliar sprays of phosphate did not affect shoot dry mass significantly, but decreased root length and root dry mass significantly at Zn concentrations in solution from 10 to 3000 mmol m–3. Foliar P was translocated to roots to enhance co-precipitation of Zn and P, although this did not enhance Zn tolerance. The results suggest that T.caerulescens possesses mechanisms which allow it to accumulate and sequester huge amounts of Zn in the shoots without causing P deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00270.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutron diffraction study of YBa"2Cu"2"."7Fe"0"."3O"y
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Solid State Communications 82 (1992), S. 389-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 0038-1098
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0038-1098(92)90375-J
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zinc and cadmium uptake by the hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens in contaminated soils and its effects on the concentration and chemical speciation of metals in soil solution (1997)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 197 (1997), S. 71-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: contaminated soil ; soil solution ; speciation ; Thlaspi caerulescens ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens J & C Presl. was grown in seven different soils collected from around Europe that had been contaminated with heavy metals by industrial activity or the disposal of sewage sludge to land. Zinc accumulation factors (shoot concentration/initial soil solution concentration) ranged from 3500–85 000 with a mean value of around 36 000. This compares with mean accumulation factors of 636, 66 and 122 for Cd, Ca and Mg, respectively. The concentration of Zn in the shoots was much greater than in the roots. The total removal of Zn and Cd ranged from 8 to 30 and from 0.02 to 0.5 mg kg-1 soil, respectively. The Zn concentration in shoots of T. caerulescens correlated, using a curvilinear relationship, with the initial Zn concentration in soil solution (R2 = total Zn 0.78; Zn2+ 0.80). There was no relationship between the uptake of Zn and the total Zn concentration in the soil. In most soils, solution pH increased only slightly after growth of T. caerulescens, indicating that acidification was not the mechanism used to mobilise Zn in the soil. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations generally increased but characterisation of the component organic compounds was not attempted. The concentrations of Zn and Cd in soil solution decreased considerably after growth of T. caerulescens. The percentages of Zn and Cd in soil solution present as free ions also decreased. However, the decrease of Zn in soil solution after growth accounted for only about 1% of the total Zn uptake by T. caerulescens. This was much lower than for Cd, Ca and Mg. The results suggest that either T. caerulescens was highly efficient at mobilising Zn which was not soluble initially, or the soils used had large buffering capacities to replenish soil solution Zn within a short time. This work highlights the need to investigate the role of root exudates on the mobilisation of Zn and Cd in soils by the hyperaccumulator T. caerulescens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004255323909
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy metal uptake and chemical changes in the rhizosphere of Thlaspi caerulescens and Thlaspi ochroleucum grown in contaminated soils (1997)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 188 (1997), S. 153-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: cadmium ; heavy metals ; hyperaccumulator ; phytoremediation ; rhizosphere ; Thlaspi caerulescens ; Thlaspi ochroleucum ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Thlaspi caerulescens (J. and C. Presl) and Thlaspi ochroleucum (Boiss. ex Heldr) were grown in three different soils containing moderate to high amounts of heavy metals in a pot experiment, using a rhizobag technique. T. caerulescens accumulated significantly more Zn in the shoots than T. ochroleucum. The concentrations of Zn in the shoots of T. caerulescens ranged from 3100 to 8100 mg kg-1 dry matter (DM), but only from 800 to 1600 mg kg-1 DM in T. ochroleucum. Total uptake of Zn in the shoots of T. caerulescens was about 5 times that of T. ochroleucum. In contrast, the differences between the two species in the uptake of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb were generally small. Concentrations of mobile Zn (extractable with 1M NH4NO3) in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils decreased considerably after growth of both plants, but the decreases were greater with T. caerulescens than with T. ochroleucum. The decreases in the mobile fraction accounted for less than 10% of the total Zn uptake by T. caerulescens indicating that this species was effective in mobilising Zn from less soluble fractions in the soils. The rhizosphere soils tended to have higher concentrations of mobile Zn than the non-rhizosphere soils, probably because of the lower pH in the rhizosphere. The pH in the rhizosphere soils was 0.2-0.4 units lower than that in the non-rhizosphere soils at the end of the experiment. However, there were no significant differences between the two species in the degree of rhizosphere acidification. The results suggest that T. caerulescens has potential for removing Zn from moderately to highly contaminated soils, but that this ability was not related to the pH changes in the rhizosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004248123948
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