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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small interspersed sequences that serve as recombination sites at the cox2 and atp6 loci in the mitochondrial genome of soybean are widely distributed in higher plants (1998)
    Springer
    Current genetics 33 (1998), S. 188-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key words Mitochondrial DNA ; Repeated sequence ; Recombination ; Soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fragments that contain cox2 and atp6 were cloned from a wild soybean (Glycine soja, accession `B09002') and from a cultivated soybean (G. max, `Harosoy'). Comparison of these DNAs revealed that two sets of repeated sequences, namely, 299 bp and 23 bp, were present in the 5′ regions of cox2 and atp6. The 299-bp and 23-bp repeats were present close to each other on the 5′ flanking region and the 5′ part of the coding region of cox2 in both `Harosoy' and `B09002', as well as on the 5′ flanking region of atp6 in `Harosoy', while these two repeats were separated by a 706-bp nucleotide sequence that contained a truncated sequence of nad3 at the 5′ flanking region of atp6 in `B09002'. The mtDNA configurations upstream from atp6 and cox2 found in `Harosoy' appeared to have been generated from configurations of cox2 and atp6 found in `B09002' via recombination across the 299-bp or 23-bp repeated sequences, or vice versa, in the mitochondrial genome of the hypothetical progenitor of these plants. The 299-bp sequence was found to be interspersed in the mitochondrial genome. Eight loci were identified that include mtDNA configurations that are inter-convertible with each other via recombination across this sequence in `B09002'. Various loci on the mitochondrial genomes of higher plants that harbor segments of the 299-bp repeats in Glycine were identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050326
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary changes in the structures of the cox2 and atp6 loci in the mitochondrial genome of soybean involving recombination across small interspersed sequences (1998)
    Springer
    Current genetics 34 (1998), S. 303-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key words Mitochondrial DNA ; Repeated sequence ; Recombination ; Soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fragments that contained cox2 or atp6 loci were cloned from three accessions of wild soybean (Glycine soja) in order to understand the evolutionary changes of mitochondrial genomes in the genus Glycine subgenus Soja. Cox2 was cloned as a single configuration, while atp6 was cloned as either one or two configurations from each accession. Structural variations were detected in the 5′ upstream region of cox2 and in both the 5′ upstream and 3′ downstream regions of atp6. These variations appeared to be the results of recombination events. A comparison of the mtDNA fragments previously cloned from a cultivated soybean (G. max) and a wild soybean revealed various sites of recombination, as well as various combinations of the 5′ and 3′ regions, at the cox2 and atp6 loci. Some of the cloned fragments were found to contain a set of repeated sequences, namely 299-bp and 23-bp repeats in the 5′ region of cox2 or atp6, which were interspersed in the mitochondrial genome in the subgenus Soja. Recombination events involving the 299-bp or 23-bp repeated sequences were shown to account for the generation of structural variations in the 5′ regions of these loci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050400
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Importance of genetic characterization and conservation of plant genetic resources: The breeding system and genetic diversity of wild soybean (Glycine soja) (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Plant species biology 17 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-1984
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Plant genetic resources play an important role in the improvement of cultivated plants. To characterize and evaluate the ecological and reproductive features of wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc.), which is the most probable ancestor of cultivated soybean (G. max (L) Merr.), the breeding system and genetic diversity of G. soja were investigated. The extent of natural cross-pollination of G. soja was estimated in four populations along the Omono River in Akita Prefecture, Japan by examining allozyme variation. Although it has been previously believed that G. soja is autogamous, as is cultivated soybean, the mean multilocus outcrossing rate (tm) estimate was 13%. These values are much higher than the outcrossing rate previously reported for both G. soja and G. max. Frequent visits by honeybees and carpenter bees to flowers were also observed, which supported this conjecture. Furthermore, to evaluate the genetic variation of G. soja as a genetic resource, the genetic structure of 447 populations over Japan were analyzed. Wild soybean populations had a higher degree of variation of isozyme loci. The GST coefficient of gene differentian values among the sites within the district were particularly high, revealing that the isozyme genotype was greatly different among site populations and homogeneous within the sites. The genetic differentiation among nine districts was observed in the allele frequencies of a few loci, indicating that geographic isolation in the wild soybean population was effectively created through the distance between the districts. The difference in the allele frequency among the districts may be produced under genetic drift. Finally, the importance of the preservation of natural plant populations and the habitats of wild progenitors (i.e. the in situ conservation of plant genetic resources) was emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-1984.2002.00073.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soybean Recombination Sites are Present as Dispersed Segments in Arabidopsis and Liverwort Mitochondrial DNA (1999)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology reporter 17 (1999), S. 19-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9818
    Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana ; Glycine soja ; Marchantia polymorpha ; mitochondrial DNA ; repeated sequence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In previous studies we have shown that recombination across a 299-bp interspersed sequence accounts for the diversity of the mitochondrial genome in wild and cultivated soybeans. In this study, a computer-assisted survey of databases was performed using sequences of the repeat and its neighboring regions as query sequences. The sequences of soybean were found to be present as many short segments that include repeated sequences in the mitochondrial genomes of Arabidopsis and liverwort. Taken together with the results of a DNA gel-blot analysis, this suggests that the soybean sequences were found to have originated during land plant evolution and are present as small-interspersed segments in many taxa of land plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007543717225
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linkage maps for nine isozyme and four marker loci in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) (1992)
    Springer
    Euphytica 66 (1992), S. 117-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: sugarbeet ; Beta vulgaris ; isozyme ; linkage ; annuality ; hypocotyl color ; pollen fertility restorer ; monogermity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An analysis of linkage in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) was conducted for nine isozyme loci, Ak 1, Gdh 2, Idh 1, Lap, Mdh 1, Mdh 3, Pgi 2, Pgm 1,and Skdh 2,and four marker loci, annuality (B), red hypocotyl-color (R), pollen fertility restorer (X), and monogermity (m). Four linkage groups were identified; R-B-Idh 1, Gdh 2-Mdh 1, Ak 1 -Lap, and Mdh 3-Pgm 1.In addition, X was linked to Mdh 1and Skdh 2with a recombination value of 13.4% and 34.7%, respectively, and m was linked to Pgm 1with a recombination value of 35.8%. Pgi 2was inherited independently of the four linkage groups. This locus showed a skewed ratio in F2 progeny of a cross between self-compatible and self-incompatible lines and the allele derived from self-incompatible parents decreased markedly. On the other hand, the expected segregation ratio was observed in the backcrossed progeny and also in F2 progeny of a cross between self-compatible lines. The results obtained suggest that Pgi 2may be linked to a self-compatibility locus (S f)and the two loci may be assigned to an additional linkage group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023516
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A marker-assisted analysis of bolting tendency in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 94 (1997), S. 137-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Beta vulgaris ; bolting ; isozyme ; sugar beet ; vernalization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Bolting tendency in sugar beet varies among breeding lines and cultivars. Four crosses were made between breeding lines susceptible and resistant to bolting in order to study the genetic basis of bolting tendency. Bolting percentage in F2, after 8 weeks of low temperature treatment, varied among the crosses, suggesting a complicated genetic control of bolting tendency. Different segregation ratios were observed, in particular, between families derived from the bolting F1 plants and those from their non-bolting siblings, the former families showing a significantly higher bolting percentage than the latter. A marker-assisted analysis with seven isozyme loci, Ak1, Gdh2, Idh1, Lap, Mdh1, Pgi2 and Pgm1, revealed that a locus with marked effect on bolting tendency was located near Idh1. Because of a close linkage of Idh1 with B for annuality, the gene tagged by Idh1 appeared to be equivalent or similar to B′ for easy bolting allelic to B as reported by Owen et al. (1940). The results obtained suggest that the B locus may not only have an important role in determining growth habits but also control various degrees of bolting tendency in individual sugar beet plants. A linked pair, Ak1-Lap, and Pgi2 also were found to affect bolting tendency, although their effects varied depending on the crosses and families tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002915623657
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A gene complex for annual habit in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 94 (1997), S. 129-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: annuality ; Beta vulgaris ; gene complex ; long days requirement ; sugar beet ; vernalization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Annual habit in sugar beet has been shown to be controlled by a dominant gene, B, which induces bolting under long days without the cold requirement usually essential for biennial cultivars. The induction of bolting by B, however, is often influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. We studied the genetic basis for bolting suppression, caused by delayed planting, in lines derived from a cross between annual and biennial lines. The F2 progeny of a late-bolting F1 plant yielded an unexpected segregation ratio of annuality from monogenic inheritance when planted in late May, there being an excess of non-bolting biennials, although the expected segregation was observed in the late April sowing. Bolting suppression was caused by restricted daylengths due to delayed planting because the segregation was normal under artificially induced long days. The analysis with Idh1, an isozyme marker proximal to B, demonstrated that heterozygous B plants were more susceptible to bolting suppression due to delayed planting than homozygous B plants. The results suggest that bolting suppression was controlled by a number of genes responsible for long daylength requirement, one of which was closely linked to B and formed a gene complex for annuality. The annual habit was controlled singly by B under long days but modified by the genes for long daylength requirement under restricted daylengths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002963506818
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RFLPs of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA in wild soybean, Glycine soja, growing in China (1998)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 45 (1998), S. 433-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Chinese wild soybean ; chloroplast ; cytoplasmic genome ; geographical differentiation ; Glycine soja ; mitochondria ; RFLPs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract RFLPs of chloroplast (cp) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA have been used to characterize the cytoplasmic genome of wild soybean, Glycine soja, growing in China. We have found from the RFLPs of that the cytoplasmic genomes of most Chinese wild soybeans have a combination of cpIII with mt-a or a combination of cpII with mt-b accompanied by mtIV or mtV according to our classification. CpII was not observed in combination with mt-a and cpIII was not observed in combination with mt-b. The regional distribution of these two types showed clines with opposite directions. The Yangtze River Valley had the greatest diversity in each of cp and two mt profiles detected in this study and the cytoplasmic genome combining these three profiles showed the highest degree of polymorphism in this region. The Yangtze River Valley may be a center of cytoplasmic diversity of wild soybean and may contain various genetic resources of soybean.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008693603526
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The extinction of genetic resources of Asian wild rice, Oryza rufipogon Griff.: A case study in Thailand (1999)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 46 (1999), S. 419-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: gene diversity ; genetic erosion ; habitat destruction ; introgression ; in situ conservation ; Oryza rufipogon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Natural populations of wild rice, Oryza rufipogon Griff., are now threatened with the disturbance of their natural habitats by various human activities. To obtain basic information on genetic erosion or loss of genetic diversity in wild rice, we investigated how environmental changes of habitat affected the genetic structure of its natural population at a study site in the central plain of Thailand. During 10 years from 1985 to 1994, the wild-rice population at this site was seriously destroyed and fragmented. Using two sets of seed sample collected in 1985 and 1994 from the same population, allozyme variability at 17 loci of 11 enzymes were examined. Isozyme genotypes of mother plants of seed samples were estimated by the segregation in each progeny, and we calculated genetic parameters for the population. Gene diversity severely decreased in the 1994 sample compared with the 1985 sample. It is supposed that declining and fragmentation of the wild rice population, which happened during the 10 years, caused loss of genetic variability and forced the habitually outbreeding plants to inbreed, accelerating a reduction in gene variability. Pgi1-1 allele which was common in Indica rice cultivars of this region was found in the wild rice plants growing at the side of rice fields. Probably, introgression has occurred between wild and cultivated rice plants, and consequently the intrinsic nature of wild rice was gradually blurred by cultivar genes. We must realize that the genetic erosion of wild rice is rapidly proceeding and that an action for their conservation in natural environment, so called in situ conservation, is urgently needed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008622405001
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic structure of the Japanese soybean population (1999)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 46 (1999), S. 441-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: China ; dissemination ; genetic diversity ; Glycine max ; isozymes ; Japan ; Korea ; landraces ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The genetic structure of the Japanese soybean population was evaluated based on the variation at 16 isozyme and seed protein loci for 781 landraces and pure line selections. A relatively high diversity was found in the Japanese population, compared with 158 Korean accessions and 94 Chinese accessions that were tested for comparison. The average gene diversity in the Japanese population was 0.248, being comparable to the estimate obtained for the Chinese population (0.249) but higher than that for the Korean population (0.209). There were a number of alleles that differentiated the Japanese population from either of the Korean or Chinese populations or both. The presence of the alleles which are characteristic of the Japanese population suggests that the Japanese population is not solely a part of the population of China, which is considered as the place of origin of soybean. Only 11% of the total variation was attributable to the differences among seven regional groups, which occurred mainly between Hokkaido or Okinawa and the other regions. A test of two-locus associations revealed that the variation was itself highly structured despite the high level of variation at each of the polymorphic loci. In addition, Aco1, Aco4, Dia1, Enp and Idh1 varied with maturity or seed size. The Japanese soybean population may consist of different cultivar groups that had been established independently as the result of adaptation to different environmental conditions and/or diversification of food culture. The origins of the cultivar groups are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008726622595
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