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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les différentes méthodes de diagnostic du cancer du pancréas ont été étudiées aussi bien sur le plan de la précision que sur celui de leur coût et de leur caractère invasif. La stratégie la meilleure à observer consiste après ultrasonographie initiale à employer une combinaison des différentes méthodes suivantes: tomodensitométrie, biopsie aspiration à l'aiguille, cathétérisme rétrograde biliopancréatique et laparotomie exploratrice. Elle permet d'affirmer ou d'exclure le diagnostic présumé de cancer avec assez de précision pour que des décisions cliniques soient prises. Cette stratégie exploratrice présente une sensibilité de 92% et une spécificité supérieure à 99%. Le nombre des méthodes à employer est d'autant plus grand que les risques de cancer du pancréas sont plus élevés pour une population donnée, le taux de la laparotomie exploratrice étant finalement de 1–9%. Il ne paraît pas possible d'aller au-delà des possibilités offertes par cette ligne de conduite à moins d'avoir recours à des méthodes plus invasives.
    Abstract: Resumen Diversas estrategias comprensivas para el diagnóstico de cancer pancreático fueron evaluadas por medio del análisis de decisión para definir su sensibilidad, especificidad, costo y riesgo. La estrategia óptima se inicia con la ultrasonografía, seguida de una combinación de tomografía computadorizada, aspiración-biopsia con aguja, colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica y laparotomía. La estrategia refinada establece o excluye el diagnóstico de cáncer pancreático con suficiente confiabilidad para la toma de decisiones clínicas. Esta estrategia presenté una sensibilidad global de 92% y la especificidad fué de más de 99%. El número de pruebas invasivas aumentó con la preponderancia de la enfermedad en la población, pero la frecuencia de la laparotomía de diagnóstico fué de solo 1 a 9%. La estrategia comprensiva no pudo ser mejorada en una forma significativa sin un aumento marcado en la utilización de tecnologías invasivas.
    Notes: Abstract Comprehensive strategies for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer were evaluated with decision analysis for accuracy, cost, and invasiveness. An optimal strategy began with ultrasonography followed by a combination of computerized tomography, needle aspiration biopsy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and laparotomy. The refined strategy established or excluded the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer with sufficient reliability for clinical decisions. This strategy had an overall sensitivity of 92% and specificity was greater than 99%. The number of invasive tests increased with the prevalence of disease in the population, but the frequency of diagnostic laparotomy was only 1–9%. The comprehensive strategy could not be significantly improved without marked increases in the utilization of invasive technology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 35 (1990), S. 827-832 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: nicotine gum ; ulcerative colitis ; single-patient trials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Epidemiologic studies have documented an association between nonsmoking and ulcerative colitis and case reports have demonstrated that symptoms improve with smoking and worsen with removal of a nicotine source. A double-blind randomized crossover trial for individual ulcerative colitis patients (single-patient trial, or Nof 1 clinical trial) was designed to study the safety, patient acceptance, and the effectiveness of nicotine gum in improving patient symptoms and proctoscopic appearance of involved colon. Seven nonsmoking patients chewed up to 10 squares/day (20 mg) of nicotine gum or placebo gum for two weeks. Therapy was crossed-over every two weeks over the eight-week trial. Effectiveness was judged from comparisons between nicotine-gum and placebo-gum periods of patient self-reported symptoms at the conclusion of each two-week period using visual analog scales and proctoscopic appearance using ordered categorical scales. Three of seven patients, all three of whom were former smokers, demonstrated sufficient improvement without adverse effects to warrant institution of nicotine gum into their drug treatment regimens. Three patients demonstrated an uncertain response, despite tolerating the drug, and have not had nicotine gum added to their regimens. One patient could not tolerate the medication and was withdrawn from the study. No serious side effects were noted. We conclude that a randomized trial for an individual patient is a useful method for evaluating treatment regimens for ulcerative colitis and that nicotine gum may be effective therapy for individual patients with ulcerative colitis who demonstrate an objective response with few adverse effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 34 (1989), S. 1536-1541 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: cancer risk ; ulcerative colitis ; surveillance program ; hazard rates ; risk factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The risk of colon cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis is related to the duration and extent of disease. Prior reports have suggested that patients with onset of disease in childhood have a high risk of cancer. These risk factors were analyzed in 99 patients in a surveillance program of annual colonoscopy to detect mucosal dysplasia. All patients had pancolitis for at least eight years. The mean age at symptom onset was 23.2 years and the mean duration of disease at entry was 17 years. An average of 4.2 tests/patient were performed, and 91% were completely followed through 1985. Cancer risk was expressed as the hazard rate or the annual probability that a patient free of cancer would develop cancer after survival to a given time period. The hazard rate for high-grade dysplasia or cancer in patients with pancolitis measured from symptom onset was 2.5% at 20 years, 4% at 25 years, 7% at 30 years, 13% at 35 years, and 20% at 40 years. Sex was not a significant predictor of cancer, but older age at symptom onset was a predictor of dysplasia and cancer. From these data, the annual hazard rate of developing high-grade dysplasia or cancer can be estimated in patients with pancolitis based on an individual's age at symptom onset and duration of disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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