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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early detection of axonal injury after human head trauma using immunocytochemistry for β-amyloid precursor protein (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 87 (1994), S. 55-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words: Amyloid beta-protein precursor – Diagnostic tests, routine – Diffuse axonal injury – Head injuries – Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Severe non-missile head injury commonly results in a form of brain damage known as diffuse axonal injury (DAI). The histological diagnosis of DAI is made by silver staining for the presence of axonal retraction balls. This feature takes about 24 h to develop and does not allow for the early histological diagnosis of DAI. We have used immunocytochemisty for the β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) as a marker for axonal injury in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of human brain. Axonal βAPP immunoreactivity was present in all cases which had survived for 3 h or more. This was true even where the degree of head injury did not appear to be severe, supporting the theory that DAI is a severe form of a more common phenomenon of axonal injury which occurs after cerebral trauma. βAPP immunoreactivity was also found in some non-head injured cases and so cannot be considered to be a specific marker for trauma. The results show that βAPP immunocytochemistry may be useful in the detection of traumatic axonal injury in its early stages, before the formation of axonal retraction balls, provided care is taken to exclude other causes of such immunoreactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386254
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early detection of axonal injury after human head trauma using immunocytochemistry for β-amyloid precursor protein (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 87 (1994), S. 55-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amyloid beta-protein precursor ; Diagnostic tests, routine ; Diffuse axonal injury ; Head injuries ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Severe non-missile head injury commonly results in a form of brain damage known as diffuse axonal injury (DAI). The histological diagnosis of DAI is made by silver staining for the presence of axonal retraction balls. This feature takes about 24 h to develop and does not allow for the early histological diagnosis of DAI. We have used immunocytochemistry for the β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) as a marker for axonal injury in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of human brain. Axonal βAPP immunoreativity was present in all cases which had survived for 3 h or more. This was true even where the degree of head injury did not appear to be severe, supporting the theory that DAI is a severe form of a more common phenomenon of axonal injury which occurs after cerebral trauma. βAPP immunoreactivity was also found in some non-head injured cases and so cannot be considered to be a specific marker for trauma. The results show that βAPP immunocytochemistry may be useful in the detection of traumatic axonal injury in its early stages, before the formation of axonal retraction balls, provided care is taken to exclude other causes of such immunoreactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386254
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of local mode analysis in the design and comparison of multigrid methods
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Computer Physics Communications 65 (1991), S. 246-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0010-4655
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Computer Science , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0010-4655(91)90178-N
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diphtheria with a difference—a rare corynebacterium fatality with associated apoptotic cell death (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 16 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A case of infection with Corynebacterium ulcerans (C. ulcerans), resulted in the sudden death of a previously healthy 73-year-old woman. Death from Corynebacterium diphtheriae (C. diphtheriae) infection is well-documented. Fatalities following infection with C. ulcerans are unreported; this would appear to be the first documented death due to such infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1990.tb01088.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Markers of axonal injury in post mortem human brain (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 433-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Immunocytochemistry ; β-Amyloid precursor protein ; Diagnostic tests ; routine ; Diffuse axonal injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract β-Amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) can be detected immunocytochemically at sites of axonal injury in the brain, and has recently been found to be a useful marker for injured axons in patients who survived for only 3   h after head trauma. It is transported by fast axonal transport and is thought to accumulate in detectable levels where the cytoskeleton breaks down. If this theory is correct, other substances should accumulate here in the same way, so we have used antibodies to other neuronal proteins to compare their efficacy as markers of axonal injury. SNAP-25, chromogranin A and cathepsin D also marked injured axons at all survival times studied (2.5   h – 2 weeks), although they were not as sensitive or specific as βAPP. Immunolabelling for the 68-kDa neurofilament subunit (NF68) was present in most uninjured axons, and allowed axonal swellings to be seen in some cases. Synaptophysin, GAP-43, ubiquitin or tau did not label any normal or injured axons in this study. We, therefore, suggest that βAPP should be the immunocytochemical marker of choice for the detection of injured axons. This study also showed that microwave antigen retrieval significantly enhances the immunoreactivity of SNAP-25, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, GAP-43, ubiquitin and tau, in addition to that of βAPP, in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, and reveals NF68 antigenicity where it was not previously detectable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389495
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of survival time with size of axonal swellings in diffuse axonal injury (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 98 (1999), S. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Diffuse axonal injury ; Head injury ; β-amyloid precursor protein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Forensic neuropathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Widespread damage to axons in the white matter of the brain is a well-recognised consequence of non-missile head injury. This diffuse axonal injury is characterised by a gradual swelling of the axon associated with an accumulation of cellular organelles and proteins. We have investigated the relationship between the size of the swellings of the damaged axon with survival time in post-mortem brain tissue. Sixty-six cases of head injury with known length of post-traumatic survival were selected for study, and immunohistochemistry for β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) was carried out. The minimum diameter of the βAPP-immunolabelled damaged axons was measured in micrometers using the IBAS image analysis system. There was a strong, positive and significant relationship between the mean size of axonal swelling and survival time which plateaued at around 85 h post injury. With longer survival times the situation becomes more complex. βAPP immunolabelling of damaged axons can contribute evidence about trauma and post-injury survival time in the forensic setting but should always be assessed with other evidence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051069
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Markers of axonal injury in post mortem human brain (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 433-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; β-Amyloid precursor protein ; Diagnostic tests, routine ; Diffuse axonal injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract β-Amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) can be detected immunocytochemically at sites of axonal injury in the brain, and has recently been found to be a useful marker for injured axons in patients who survived for only 3 h after head trauma. It is transported by last axonal transport and is thought to accumulate in detectable levels where the cytoskeleton breaks down. If this theory is correct, other substances should accumulate here in the same way, so we have used antibodies to other neuronal proteins to compare their efficacy as markers of axonal injury. SNAP-25, chromogranin A and cathepsin D also marked injured axons at all survival times studied (2.5h–2 weeks), although they were not as sensitive or specific as βAPP. Immunolabelling for the 68-kDa neurofilament subunit (NF68) was present in most uninjured axons, and allowed axonal swellings to be seen in some cases. Synaptophysin, GAP-43, ubiquitin or tau did not label any normal or injured axons in this study. We, therefore, suggest that βAPP should be the immunocytochemical marker of choice for the detection of injured axons. This study also showed that microwave antigen retrieval significantly enhances the immunoreactivity of SNAP-25, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, GAP-43, ubiquitin and tau, in addition to that of βAPP, in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, and reveals NF68 antigenicity where it was not previously detectable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389495
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A multigrid method for recirculating flows (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 417-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Multigrid method ; Pressure correction ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The use of multigrid methods in complex fluid flow problems is recent and still under development. In this paper we present a multigrid method for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The distinctive features of the method are the use of a pressure-correction method as a smoother and a novel continuity-preserving manner of grid coarsening. The shear-driven cavity problem is used as a test case to demonstrate the efficiency of the method.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650080405
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the smoothing properties of the SIMPLE pressure-correction algorithm (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 441-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Multigrid ; Local mode analysis ; Pressure correction ; Ellipticity ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A local mode Fourier analysis is used to assess the suitability of the SIMPLE pressure-correction algorithm to act as a smoother in a multigrid method. The necessary ellipticity of the Navier-Stokes equations and their discrete representation are established. The theoretical analysis is compared with practical results.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650080406
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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